[ correlation between age, gender and education with obesity in urban population of Golestan province]

Obesity is an undesirable outcome of changes in life style and behavior. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors in population in Urban of Golestan province Iran to facilitate control of obesity related diseases. In this cross-sectional study, 2500 males and 2500 females residents of 17 different cities were selected, using cluster random sampling techniques. Anthropometric measures [height, weight] were obtained with standard methods and the data on social, demographics exercise, smoking and blood group were collected during interviews, using a specifically designed questionnaire. In assessment of obesity, a standard recommended WHO method, based on BMI distribution was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 11.5, and the logistic regression model was used to estimate the age adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval, P-value <0.05 being considered significant. Overall prevalences of obesity and overweight were 25.5% and 38.6% respectively [20.3%, 42.3% for men and 30.7% and 35% for women]. Mean BMI in, female and male subjects was 27.05 +/- 5.05, 27.63 +/- 5.54, and 26.48 +/- 4.44 respectively. In addition, WHR of all subjects was [0.92 +/- 0.1], [females] [0.91 +/- 0.9], males[0.93% +/- 0.11]. The pattern of obesity differed significantly with age in both genders. The results of logistic regression model showed that the odds ratio of obesity was greater, roughly 1.7 times in women, compared with men. The adjusted odds ratio decreased with increasing the levels of education and non smoking [P<0.0001]. The adjusted odds ratio showed no significant difference with occupation, race, blood group and or physical activity duration. The results of this study indicate an increased rate of obesity and overweight in an urban population, obesity in women being 10% higher than in men: Findings, showed that low levels of physical activity and education, gender, and smoking and aging were responsible for obesity

[Effect of haemodialysis on plasma lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase] in Haemodialysis patients in Gorgan [south east of Caspian sea]]

Introduction and Objective: free radicals are formed in all living organisms during normal cell metabolism. Patients with chronic renal failure which are regularly dialyzed are candidates for free radical damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of haemodialysis on lipid peroxidation [the level of lipid peroxidation expressed as malondialdehyde] and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase] before and after the dialysis in haemodialysis patients

Material and Methods: the sampling procedure was purposive sampling. 22 patients with chronic renal failure[CRF] disease who were haemodialysed at 5th azar hospital of Gorgan dialysis center and 22 age and sex matched healthy control were recruited for this study. Haemodialysed patients and control groups that received antioxidant medicine and foods were excluded from the study. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using T-student Tests

Results: plasma malondialdehyde showed significant difference between the predialysis and control group. It increased in the postdialysis group [2.32 +/- 0.38 nmol /ml] compared with predialysis [1.27 +/- 0.23 nmol/ml] and control group [0.98 +/- 0.17 nmol/ml]. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme decreased in postdialysis group [951.4 +/- 17.71 unit/gram hemoglobin] compared with predialysis [1019 +/- 20.06 unit / gram hemoglobin] and control group1402.68 +/- 18.3 unit / gram hemoglobin]. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme was lower in dialysis group than in control group

Conclusion: the significant difference of erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme between pre and postdialysis phases might be related to uremia. Loss of this antioxidant through membranes during the dialysis process and the decreased antioxidant enzyme might be due to an increase in lipid peroxidation in haemodialysed patients. This situation may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis in these groups. For this reason, control of dialysis membrane and haemodialysis techniques, exogenous supplementation of reactive oxygen species and prevention of sudden atherosclerosis are important in improvement of haemodialysis patients life quality