Percepción de riesgo, eficacia preventiva y factores socio demográficos como predictores de conductas preventivas de COVID-19 en adultos chilenos / Risk perception, preventive efficacy and social factors as predictors for COVID-19 preventive behavior in chileans

BACKGROUND: Social isolation and hand washing are effective measures to prevent COVID-19 transmission Aim: To evaluate the predictive role of risk perception and preventive efficacy perception, along with sociodemographic and health factors, for adherence to hand washing and isolation behavior of Chilean adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a Web-based cross-sectional study, 695 adults between 18 and 60 years old answered the COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale and a questionnaire on perception of preventive efficacy, preventive adherence, sociodemographic and health variables. RESULTS: Seventy seven percent of respondents adhered to hand washing and 71% to isolation behavior. The average risk perception of respondents was 67.2 ± 12.6%. Age, gender and perception of risk (considering its affective component and preventive efficacy perception), were identified in two predictive models as factors associated with compliance with hand washing. Conclusions: Preventive behaviors are associated with several psychosocial factors, allowing to distinguish groups at higher risk, which should be the focus of COVID-19 preventive interventions.

Depresión y adhesión a terapia anti-retroviral en pacientes con infección por VIH atendidos en el Hospital San Pablo de Coquimbo, Chile / Depression and HAART adherence in HIV infected patients attending Hospital San Pablo of Coquimbo, Chile

Despite the good HAART coverage of HIV infected patients in Chile, treatment success is interfered by patient-adherence problems. Moreover, HIV and depression co-morbidity has been shown to impair self-care and medication adherence. With the aim to analyze adherence problems and its relationship with depression in HIV infected patients, we evaluated 119 HIV infected patients, attending Coquimbo's Hospital. Our sample was incidental and transversally evaluated with: Morisky, Green & Levine Medication Adherence Scale, and the Beck - II Depression Inventory. In addition, demographic and health data were obtained from clinical files. Main results showed that 68% patients referred having HAART adherence problems, with differences in sex, age and treatment duration. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with moderate-severe depressive symptoms have 3,08 (95% IC 1,08-8,80) times higher risk of having adherence problems compared to patients with mild to no depressive symptoms.

A pesar de la cobertura de TARV en pacientes infectados con VIH lograda en Chile, el éxito de los tratamientos se encuentra interferido por problemas de adhesión de los pacientes. Además, la co-morbilidad entre infección por VIH y depresión ha mostrado empeorar la adhesión y el automanejo de las enfermedades crónicas en general. Con el objetivo de analizar los problemas de adhesión a TARV y su relación con la depresión en pacientes infectados con VIH, se evaluó a 119 pacientes atendidos en el Programa VIH/SIDA del Hospital de Coquimbo. La muestra fue incidental y fueron aplicados en forma transversal: la Escala de Adhesión a los Medicamentos de Morisky, Green y Levine, y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II. Además se obtuvieron datos demográficos y de salud de las fichas clínicas. Los principales resultados muestran que 68% de los pacientes manifiesta tener problemas de adhesión a TARV, con diferencias significativas por sexo, edad y tiempo de tratamiento. Según un análisis de regresión logística, los pacientes con depresión moderada a severa tendrían 3,08 (95% IC 1,08-8,80) veces más riesgo de tener problemas de adhesión en relación a los pacientes con depresión mínima o leve.

Adaptación cultural y validación de la versión chilena del Cuestionario de Discapacidad Roland-Morris / Validation and cultural adaptation of the Chilean version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire

Background: The evaluation of disability is highly relevant for the study and clinical follow-up of pain. Reliable and culturally valid instruments are required for this purpose. Aim: To adapt and to validate the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) to measure disability in low back pain Chilean patients and to study the psychometric properties of an abbreviated six item version of this instrument. Material and Methods: The instrument’s original version was translated and back translated into Spanish, and specialists ensured the cultural validation to Chile. Disability mental health using the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated in 206 patients, during a medical appointment due to acute low back pain. Results: The Chilean version of the original 24-item RDQ and the new six item version showed adequate internal consistency. The short version also showed a good convergent validity. It had the same pattern of correlations with VAS and GHQ-12 scales, as the original 24 item scale. Greater disability was associated with higher pain intensity and poorer mental health. The construct validity analysis identified one factor, for both versions of the RDQ. Conclusions: The adapted Chilean version of the original RDQ is a reliable and valid questionnaire, as well as the new abbreviated six items version, which showed adequate psychometric properties.