RESUMO
Advances in cardiovascular diseases research have shown that there are differences in social groups, which have been solely explained by biomedical dimensions. Although there have been advances in the biological understanding of these diseases, they do not account for the complexity of the phenomenon. To address this, the introduction of psychosocial variables have shown that they may be useful to understand the manifestations and evolution of these conditions. Thus, gender gaps should not be studied exclusively from a biomedical perspective. This article reviews the explanations about the gender gaps in the expression of acute myocardial infarction based on gender stereotypes, as an alternative to the biomedical approach. Stereotypes can predict different consequences when they are used by health professionals or patients. Finally, alternatives are proposed to reduce the negative results of the gender stereotype activation when an acute myocardial infarction is suffered. Also new development lines in theoretical, methodological and interdisciplinary work are proposed.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estereotipagem , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Risco , Cooperação e Adesão ao TratamentoRESUMO
El presente trabajo analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de bienestar psicológico de Ryff (en su versión en español), en adolescentes chilenos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 335 adolescentes de la comuna de Talca, Chile, a quienes se aplicó la escala de bienestar psicológico en su versión de 39 ítems validada para población española. Se realizaron análisis de confiabilidad y de validez de constructo encontrándose que la confiabilidad de la escala general fue buena, aunque por dimensiones tomó valores entre aceptables y malos. En cuanto a la validez, el modelo propuesto por Ryff fue el que mostró el mejor ajuste teórico a los datos entre los modelos comparados, propiedades que mejoraron al reducir la escala siguiendo criterios estadísticos.
The present work examines the psychometric properties of the psychological well-being scale proposed by Ryff (Spanish version) in Chilean adolescents. The sample consisted of 335 adolescents from the city of Talca, Chile, who completed the scale of psychological well-being in its version of 39 items validated for Spanish population. Reliability and construct validity analysis was conducted, resulting in a good reliability value for the entire scale, although by dimensions it took values between acceptable and bad. Regarding construct validity, the model proposed by Ryff showed the best theoretical fit compared with alternatives. Both psychometric properties were improved by reducing the amount of items in the scale according to statistical criteria.