RESUMO
Background: Malaria is a disease with a great global burden. It is one of the most prevalent parasitic infection common intropical, subtropical countries, particularly Asia and Africa. Malaria causing plasmodia is parasites of blood and hence induceshematological alterations. The hematological changes that have been reported to accompany malaria include anemia,thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis as well as leukopenia, mild-to-moderate atypical lymphocytosis, monocytosis, eosinophilia,and neutrophilia. Hence, the present study is undertaken to evaluate the various hematological parameters affected in malariaand to observe the variations, if any, in Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed infections.Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology at Tertiary Health Care Centerof South Gujarat from August 2018 to October 2018. A total of 480 smear-positive malaria cases were analyzed and varioushematological parameters were studied.Results: Out of 480 smear-positive cases, P. vivax was positive in 77% of cases, P. falciparum was positive in 22% of casesand mixed infection in 1% of cases. Most of the cases were seen in the age group of 21–40 years. Anemia was seen in 53.1%of cases. Normocytic normochromic blood picture was the most common type in anemic patients (46.6%). Thrombocytopeniawas seen in 84.58% of the patients. Out of which, 75.86% were affected by P. vivax, 23.15% were affected by P. falciparum,and 0.98% were affected by the mixed infection. About 28.75% of cases showed hematological features of leukopenia, and5.2% of cases were having leukocytosis.Conclusions: Various hematological findings can help in early diagnosis of malaria which is essential for timely and appropriatetreatment which can limit the morbidity and prevent further complications
RESUMO
Background: The present study was conducted to identify pattern distribution of abnormal haemoglobin variants by using HPLC method in a tertiary care hospital, Surat, Gujrat, India.Methods: A cross sectional study of one-year duration was conducted including 9,116 patients screened for the presence of abnormal haemoglobin variants. Blood samples were initially tested for solubility test and run on automated haemoglobin analyzer for complete haemogram. All the suspected and family study cases were processed for HPLC (Bio-Rad Variant II) for conclusive diagnosis. Patients with a history of recent blood transfusion of less than 3 months duration were excluded from the study.Results: A total of 9,116 cases (1390 males, 7726 females) were included in the present study. The age group of patients ranged from 1 month to 95 years. Solubility test and complete haemogram were performed in all the cases. Out of the 9,116 cases, 8409(92.24%)cases had normal HPLC pattern. 492(5.40%)cases were diagnosed as sickle cell trait, 176(1.93%) cases as sickle cell disease, 29(0.32%) cases as β thalassaemia trait, 1(0.01%) case as β thalassaemia major, 2(0.02%)cases as Hb E heterozygous and 03 (0.07%) cases as Hb D Punjab heterozygous. One case of double heterozygous for Hb E-β thalassaemia was also found.Conclusions: HPLC is a rapid, accurate and useful method for diagnosing haemoglobinopathies. It serves as an reliable tool in diagnosing the presence of abnormal haemoglobin variants in suspected cases on routine haematology in developing countries like India, where the resources for detection of haemoglobinopathies are limited. Early diagnosis may help in proper management of patients.