Dacryoadenitis post COVID-19 infection and immunization

Dacryoadenitis can be a rare presentation following COVID-19 infection or can be an immunological response post COVID-19 vaccination. Herein we report two cases of lacrimal gland involvement, one post COVID-19 infection, and the other post COVID-19 vaccination. A definitive causal relationship, however, remains uncertain.

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from microbial keratitis in North and Central India: A multi centric study

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine microbiological profile with their antibiotic sensitivity in cases of bacterial keratitis in north and central India to ensure appropriate use of antibiotics. Methods: The microbiology laboratory records of 228 patients with culture?proven bacterial keratitis from 1st January to 31st December 2019 were analyzed. Cultured bacterial isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing to antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of corneal ulcer. Chi?squared or Fisher’s exact test were applied to check the significance of difference between the susceptibility levels of antibiotics. Results: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced keratitis was higher in northern India, whereas that by Streptococcus pneumoniae was more prevalent in central India. In central India, 100% of S. pneumoniae isolates were found to be sensitive to ceftriaxone compared to 79% in northern India (P = 0.017). In comparison to 67% of isolates from north India, 15% of S. aureus isolates from central India were found to be sensitive to ofloxacin (P = 0.009). Similarly, 23% of isolates from central India were found sensitive to amikacin compared to 65% of isolates from north India (P = 0.012). P. aeruginosa isolates from central India were found to be sensitive to ceftazidime in 63% of cases compared to 21% of isolates from north India (P = 0.034). Conclusion: Prevalence of bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics are not uniform across geography. Vancomycin remained the most effective drug in all gram?positive coccal infections. S. aureus susceptibility to amikacin was significantly greater in north India. P. aeruginosa showed less susceptibility as compared to previous reports.

Study of mast cells in non-neoplastic skin lesions.

Sixty non-neoplastic skin lesions were studied for mast cells by toluidine blue stain. The highest numbers of mast cells were seen in the viral infections of the skin (50/mm2) and lowest number of mast cells in congenital diseases (17/mm2). Out of the cutaneous bacterial infections, highest numbers of mast cells were seen in leprosy (44/mm2) while in lupus vulgaris they were much less (37/mm2). In leprosy cases it was observed that as the lesions moved from indeterminate to both polar tuberculoid and lepromatous, the mast cell count increased. It could therefore be summarised that periodic follow-up of indeterminate and borderline lesions for mast cell count might help in predicting stability of lesions. In non-infectious squamous and papular lesions the mean mast cell count was 39/mm2. The highest numbers of mast cells in the non-infectious vesicular and bullous lesions were in bullous pemhigoid (57/mm2) and lowest in dermatitis (38/mm2).