Current status and perspective in the diagnosis and treatment of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Fumarate hydratasedeficient renal cell carcinoma(FH-RCC)is s a rare and highly aggressive and metastatic form of renal cell carcinoma. Clinical diagnosis is relatively challenging, and there is a lack of recognized systemic treatment options. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is necessary to have a deeper understanding of this disease and fully integrate family history, imaging findings, and pathological manifestations for clinical identification, and genetic testing shoule be conducted when necessary. Improved patient prognosis can be achieved through the selection of appropriate curative surgery or systemic treatment strategies.

Boosting ferroptosis and microtubule inhibition for antitumor therapy via a carrier-free supermolecule nanoreactor / 药物分析学报

Traditional microtubule inhibitors fail to significantly enhance the effect of colorectal cancer;hence,new and efficient strategies are necessary.In this study,a supramolecular nanoreactor(DOC@TA-Fe3+)based on tannic acid(TA),iron ion(Fe3+),and docetaxel(DOC)with microtubule inhibition,reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)inhibition,is prepared for ferroptosis/apoptosis treatment.After internalization by CT26 cells,the DOC@TA-Fe3+nanoreactor escapes from the lysosomes to release payloads.The subsequent Fe3+/Fe2+conversion mediated by TA reducibility can trigger the Fenton reaction to enhance the ROS concentration.Additionally,Fe3+can consume gluta-thione to repress the activity of GPX4 to induce ferroptosis.Meanwhile,the released DOC controls microtubule dynamics to activate the apoptosis pathway.The superior in vivo antitumor efficacy of DOC@TA-Fe3+nanoreactor in terms of tumor growth inhibition and improved survival is verified in CT26 tumor-bearing mouse model.Therefore,the nanoreactor can act as an effective apoptosis and ferroptosis inducer for application in colorectal cancer therapy.

Comparison of the clinical efficacy of "one-cut" circumcision and traditional circumcision / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To introduce the key techniques of "one-cut" circumcision, and to compare its clinical efficacy with traditional circumcision. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 cases of circumcision in our center during Jul.2020 and Jul.2022, including 60 cases in the "one-cut" group and 60 cases in the traditional circumcision group. The operation time, postoperative edema time, satisfaction with cosmetics and improvement of sexual life were compared between the two groups. 【Results】 Compared with the tradition group, the "one-cut" group had shorter operation time [(19.2±7.4) min vs. (23.1±1.7) min, P<0.001] , shorter postoperative edema time [(5.5±3.2) d vs. (9.6±5.5) d, P<0.001] , and higher satisfaction with cosmetics [(3.6±0.5) vs. (3.1±0.8), P<0.001)] , but there was no difference in improvement of sexual life between the two groups (P=0.08). 【Conclusion】 "One-cut" circumcision is easy to operate, with short operation time, fast postoperative recovery, neat incision and satisfactory appearance, which is worth popularizing.

Progress of hereditary breast cancer with breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 mutations / 肿瘤研究与临床

Hereditary breast cancer refers to malignant tumors caused by pathogenic germline mutations of breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA). At present, it is believed that BRCA1/2 genes are most closely related to the development of hereditary breast cancer. Mutation will lead to loss of normal function, instability of genome, and then lead to tumorigenesis. Especially for those with germline mutations, not only the risk of breast cancer will be greatly increased, but also the probability of ovarian cancer and other cancers will be increased. With the emergence and clinical application of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, BRCA1/2 genes have been regarded as new targets for the treatment of breast cancer. This article reviews the latest research of breast cancer with BRCA1/2 gene mutations.

Sharing the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Currently, the national schistosomiasis control program of China is moving from transmission interruption to elimination, and there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards the progression of schistosomiasis elimination, including a high difficulty in shrinking snail-infested areas, unstable achievements for infectious source control, imperfect surveillance system and a reduction in schistosomiasis control and administration. Based on the core suggestions proposed in the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, recommendations on schistosomiasis surveillance system building, development of novel diagnostics, adjustment of the schistosomiasis control strategy and maintaining and improvements of the schistosomiasis control capability are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China in the new era according to the actual status of schistosomiasis control in China. Formulation of the national schistosomiasis control strategy and goal from One Health perspective, verification of transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis, precision implementation of schistosomiasis control interventions with adaptations to local circumstances, development and application of highly sensitive and specific diagnostics are recommended for elimination of schistosomiasis in China. In addition, the implementation of the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis may guide the elimination of schistosomiasis in China.

Contribution to global implementation of WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis by learning successful experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that seriously hinders socioeconomic developments and threatens public health security. To achieve the global elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2030, WHO released the guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis on February, 2022, with aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for schistosomiasis morbidity control, elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem, and ultimate interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in disease-endemic countries. Following concerted efforts for decades, great achievements have been obtained for schistosomiasis control in China where the disease was historically highly prevalent, and the country is moving towards schistosomiasis elimination. This article reviews the successful experiences from the national schistosmiasis control program in China, and summarizes their contributions to the formulation and implementation of the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis. With the progress of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the world is looking forward to more China's solutions on schistosomiasis control.

Decoding the evolution of preventive chemotherapy schemes for schistosomiasis in China to improve the precise implementation of the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Preventive chemotherapy is one of the pivotal interventions for the control and elimination of schistosomiasis, which is effective to reduce the morbidity and prevalence of schistosomiasis. In order to promote the United Nations' sustainable development goals and the targets set for schistosomiasis control in the Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030, WHO released the guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis in 2022, with major evidence-based updates of the current preventive chemotherapy strategy for schistosomiasis. In China where great success has been achieved in schistosomiasis control, the preventive chemotherapy strategy for schistosomiasis has been updated several times during the past seven decades. This article reviews the evolution of the WHO guidelines on preventive chemotherapy and Chinese national preventive chemotherapy schemes, compares the current Chinese national preventive chemotherapy scheme and the recommendations for preventive chemotherapy proposed in the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, and proposes recommendations for preventive chemotherapy during the future implementation of the 2022 WHO guideline, so as to provide insights into schistosomiasis control among public health professionals engaging in healthcare foreign aid.

Analysis of the new WHO guideline to accelerate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

On February 2022, WHO released the evidence-based guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, with aims to guide the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in disease-endemic countries by 2030 and promote the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission across the world. Based on the One Health concept, six evidence-based recommendations were proposed in this guideline. This article aims to analyze the feasibility of key aspects of this guideline in Chinese national schistosomiasis control program and illustrate the significance to guide the future actions for Chinese national schistosomiasis control program. Currently, the One Health concept has been embodied in the Chinese national schistosomiasis control program. Based on this new WHO guideline, the following recommendations are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China: (1) improving the systematic framework building, facilitating the agreement of the cross-sectoral consensus, and building a high-level leadership group; (2) optimizing the current human and livestock treatments in the national schistosomiasis control program of China; (3) developing highly sensitive and specific diagnostics and the framework for verifying elimination of schistosomiasis; (4) accelerating the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis and other parasitic diseases through integrating the national control programs for other parasitic diseases.

Progress of programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors in treatment of triple-negative breast cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Breast cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence among women in the worldwide. The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the strongest immunogenicity. Because of the lack of clear molecular targets, TNBC is a subtype of breast cancer with more difficulties in the treatment and poorer prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Blocking the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway has been a hot spot of research and treatment of tumors. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors provide new treatment options for TNBC. This article reviews the research progress of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone or in combination with other drugs in treatment of TNBC, intending to provide the theoretical basis for basic or clinical studies.

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

We present an unusual case of a patient with bilateral-lung transplantation due to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who subsequently suffered complications with acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

The update interpretation of 2020 EAU renal cell carcinoma guideline (Part Ⅰ) / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Based on the latest clinical finding in recent years, the European Association of Urology (EAU) updated the 2019 guideline for renal cell carcinoma, mainly related to surgical treatment of renal tumors, immunotherapy and molecular targeted treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The updates in the surgical treatment of renal tumor included surgical indication of renal angiomyolipoma and renal medullary carcinoma, the risk of active surveillance and non-surgical treatment of early renal cell carcinoma. This article introduces and interprets the updated content and clinical signification of surgical treatment of renal tumor in EAU guideline 2020.

Application of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense Extract Reference Substance in the Fingerprint Analysis of Ganoderma / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To carry out HPTLC and HPLC fingerprint analysis of 18 batches of Ganoderma samples using two kinds of reference substance of Ganoderma extract, G. lucidum Extract Reference Substance(CZERS) and G. sinense Extract Reference Substance(ZZERS). METHODS: HPTLC Fingerprint was used to analyze triterpene acids and sterols in Ganoderma with chloroform-acetonitrile-methanol-formic acid (13∶2∶0.5∶0.5, develop 3 times) and cyclohexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-formic acid (15∶5∶0.5∶0.5, develop 2 times) respectively. HPLC Fingerprint analysis was conducted using Kromasil 100-5 C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) kept at 25 ℃. Mobile phase A was acetonitrile and B was 0.02% phosphoric acid; gradient elution procedure was as follows: 0-40 min, 29%→33% A; 40-70 min, 33%→65%A; 70-105 min, 65%→100%A; 105-120 min, 100% A; flow rate was 1.0 mL•min-1. DAD detector was adopted with detection wavelength set at 244 nm. The injection volume was 10 μL. RESULTS: By using ERS and fingerprint analysis, G. lucidum, G. sessile and G. lucidum could be distinguished. The components of G. lucidum in different species and growth patterns were different. CONCLUSION: There are many varieties of G. lucidum, which can be divided into wild and artificial cultures, and the culture media of artificial culture are different, which leads to the difference of individual components of different G. lucidum. Fingerprint analysis based on ERS of specific varieties are more suitable for the overall quality control of G. lucidum.

Factors influencing suicidal ideation and suicide attempt of middle school students in minority areas of Guizhou Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of suicidal behaviors among middle school students in minority areas of Guizhou Province, and to provide the reference for targetedly preventing suicidal behavior among middle school students.@*Methods@#Questionnaire survey including adolescent health information, Depression Self-rating Scale for Children(DSR-SC), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index survey were conducted among 6 139 middle school students in minority areas of Guizhou Province, Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of suicidal behavior of middle school students.@*Results@#A total of 1 241(20.2%) had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, and 250 (4.1%) of middle school students had committed suicide in the past 12 months. Suicidal ideation among middle school students was positively associated with: female, non-residence, being only child, smoking, having poor relationship with teachers, poor relationship with classmates, school violence victimization, physical abused, sexual abuse, emotionally neglected, having depression, having sleeping disorders(OR=1.67, 1.64, 0.84, 0.72, 0.67, 0.58, 2.06, 2.45, 2.12, 1.68, 2.82, 1.62). While being women(OR=1.52), non-residence(OR=2.25), smoking(OR=0.52), poor relationship with teachers(OR=0.49), poor relationship with classmates(OR=0.47), school violence victimization (OR=1.79) and physically abused(OR=2.17), sexual abused(OR=1.97), physically neglected(OR=1.94), depressive symptoms(OR=3.14), sleep disorders (OR=1.66) were associated positively with the risk of suicide attempt.@*Conclusion@#Suicide-related behaviors are more common in minority areas of Guizhou Province. Teachers and parents should attach great importance to it, and their suicidal risk should be early recognized to reduce suicide-related behaviors.

Research progress on cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors / 医学研究生学报

For many years, studies on cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors(CETP) have not been interrupted, intending to achieve further cardiovascular protection through increasing the level of HDL-C on the basis of statin-lowering LDL-C. However, the failure of large clinical studies of CETP inhibitors represented by torcetrapib has caused continuous controversy in this area of research. The 2017 European Society of Cardiology Annual Conference published the results of Phase 3 clinical trials on Anacetrapib, which regained significant attention to CETP inhibitors. Based on these, this article reviewed the development of the four major CETP inhibitors, and briefly discusses their clinical effects and differences.

Effects of combined treatment with triptolide and pulsed radiofrequency on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inflammatory factors in SNL rats / 医学研究生学报

Objective　Both triptolide and pulsed radiofrequency can effectively alleviate neuropathic pain (NP). This study aims to investigate the effects of combined treatment with triptolide and pulsed radiofrequency on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and inflammatory factors by establishing a spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rat NP model, thus providing a new idea for NP therapy.　Methods　A rat NP model of SNL was established, and sham surgery group, model group, triptolide group, pulsed radio frequency group and combined treatment group were set up. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of rats in each group was measured at preoperative (Day 1) and postoperative (Days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14) time points. Spinal dorsal root ganglion was collected 3, 7 and 14 days after the surgery, and mRNA expression levels of Wnt-3α and β-catenin were detected by RT-PCR, protein expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 by Western blot, and relative expression levels of GAP-43 by immunohistochemical staining.　Results　The MWT of the model group, triptolide group and pulsed radiofrequency group (7.38±0.08, 9.31±0.23, 8.46±0.30) were lower than that of the combined treatment group (11.65±0.19), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of Wnt-3α, β-catenin, iNOS mRNA and COX-2 mRNA after the combined treatment were significantly lower than those of the model group, triptolide group and pulsed radiofrequency group (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of GAP-43 after the combined treatment (1.23±0.02) was significantly higher than that of the model group, triptolide group and pulsed radiofrequency group (1.01±0.02, 0.94±0.03, 0.79±0.01), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05).　Conclusion　The effects of the combined treatment is significantly better than that of triptolide and pulsed radiofrequency alone, as the combination has a stronger relieving effect on nerve inflammation and promotes the regeneration of nerve cells.

Impact of LDB3 gene polymorphisms on clinical presentation and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation in Chinese patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVE@#Mutations in LIM domain binding 3 (LDB3) gene cause idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), a structural heart disease with a complicated genetic background. However, the association of polymorphisms in the LDB3 gene with susceptibility to IDCM in Chinese populations remains unexplored as dose the impact on clinical presentation.@*METHODS@#We sequenced all exons and the adjacent part of introns of the LDB3 gene in 159 Chinese Han IDCM patients and 247 healthy controls. Then we detected the distribution of polymorphisms in the LDB3 gene in all participants and assessed their associations with risk of IDCM. Additionally, we conducted a stratified genotype-phenotype correlation analysis.@*RESULTS@#The A allele of rs4468255 was significantly associated with IDCM (P<0.01). The rs4468255, rs11812601, rs56165849, and rs3740346 were also associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (P<0.05). Notably, a higher frequency of rs4468255 polymorphism was observed in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients under a recessive model (P<0.01), whereas the significant association disappeared after adjusting for potential confounders. However, in the dominant model, notable correlations could only be observed after adjusting for multi parameters.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rs4468255 was significantly correlated with IDCM of Chinese Han population. A allele of rs4468255 is higher in IDCM patients with ICD implantation, suggesting the influence of genetic background in the generation of this response. In addition, rs11812601, rs56165849, and rs3740346 in LDB3 show association with brain natriuretic peptide, DBP, and LVEF levels in patients with IDCM but did not show any association with IDCM susceptibility.

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto in Northern Xinjiang, China

Echinococcus granulosus is an important zoonotic parasite globally causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and animals. In this study, prevalence of CE and variation of cox1 gene sequence were analyzed with isolates E. granulosus collected from different areas in northern Xinjiang, China. The survey showed that 3.5% of sheep and 4.1% of cattle were infected with CE. Fragment of cox1 was amplified from all the positive sheep and cattle samples by PCR. In addition, 26 positive samples across the 4 areas were included. The isolates were all E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) containing 15 haplotypes (Hap1-15), and clustered into 2 genotypes, G1 (90.1%, 91/101) and G3 (9.9%, 10/101). Hap1 was the most common haplotype (48.5%, 49/101). Hap9 were found in humans samples, indicating that sheep and cattle reservoir human CE. It is indicate that E. granulosus may impact on control of CE in livestock and humans in the region.

Clinical observation of a triple procedure of stimultaneous penetrating keratoplasty combined with extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation / 眼科新进展

Objective To evaluate the operative outcomes of a triple procedure including simultaneous penetration keratoplasty (PKP),extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation,and to investigate the relationship between postoperative corneal refractive power and preoperative lens diopter.Methods This retrospective analysis study involved 15 patients who had undergone a triple procedure surgery in Beijing You'an hospital from April to October 2016.Outcomes including the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure (IOP),corneal refractive power,axial length,postoperative complications,corneal endothelial cell counts and the survival of corneal graft were determined one year after surgery.Results All corneal grafts were transparent and corneal endothelium were (1974.20 ±472.82) cell · mm-2.The mean postoperative LogMAR visual acuity (0.80 ±0.27) had a significant improvement compared with the mean preoperative LogMAR visual acuity (2.63 ±0.62) (t =13.042,P ＜0.001).There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative IOP (15.27 ± 2.37) mmHg (1 kPa =7.5 mmHg) and postoperative data (14.53 ± 3.04) mmHg (t =0.685,P =0.505),preoperative axial length (23.69 ±2.01) mm and postoperative data (23.62 ±2.12)mm (t =-0.138,P=0.893)and preoperative keratometry (45.01 ± 1.66) D of the control eye and postoperative data (42.56 ± 5.48) D (t =1.202,P =0.260).The postoperative spherical equivalent refractive was (0.40 ±4.65) D,and the target refraction was (0.58 ±0.25)D.Conclusion The triple procedures are safe and effective for the treatment of patients with coexisting corneal pathologies and cataracts.Selection of emmetropia lens diopter may result in the satisfactory postoperative visual acuity.However,unpredictable postoperative corneal curvature changes will still affect the final refractive state.

Epidemiological analysis of femoral neck fractures in 179 patients based on the case data from the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between 2013 and 2015 / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: With an aging population increasing, the incidence of senile femoral intertrochanteric fractures is on a rise because of osteoporosis. Due to the aged usually accompanied with systematic diseases, conservative treatment will lead to high mortality after long-term bedridden. Thereafter, early surgery is recommended. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fractures and its epidemiological features. METHODS: The digital radiography data and basic information of 179 patients (over 50 years of age) with femoral intertrochanteric fractures admitted in the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The data including age, gender, injury causes, fracture types, complications, treatment procedures, and hospitalization time were recorded and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the 179 cases of femoral intertrochanteric fractures were enrolled, including 66 (36.9%) males and 113 (63.1%) females. The mean age was (76.98±9.73) years, and the number of patients aged 80-90 years was the most (n=71, 39.7%). With the age increasing, the incidence of fall-induced hip fractures was increased. By AO classification, type 31-A1 was the most common fracture type (46.4%), and type 31-A3 was the least common type (22.9%). By Evans classification, type I was the most common type (50.3%), and type V was the least common type (2.2%). There were 93.3% patients underwent surgical treatment (167/179), and 6.7% received conservative treatment (12/179). In the age group of 51-60 years, the male patients were more than females; in the age group 61-70 years, the male patients were more than females except in 2013; in the age groups of 71-80, and 81-90 years, the female patients were more than males; in the age group of over 90 years, there was no significant difference between female and male patients. These results manifest that the majority of hip fracture patients are the elderly, and slipping and osteoporosis are the leading causes. In spite of accumulating operative risks with aging, surgical treatment remains the predominant management strategy. Besides, the incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fractures shows a trend of increase yearly, with the highest incidence in the age group of 71-90 years, especially in females.

Application and progress of hybrid technique in cardiovascular surgery / 天津医药

The hybrid technique is a technique that combines minimally invasive cardiac surgery with intracardiac intervention. It has the advantages of definite curative effect, good visual field and slight trauma. It provides advanced treatment options for patients with cardiovascular diseases.With the gradual improvement of technical level,diagnosis and treatment concept and medical equipment,especially the popularization of"hybrid operation room",hybridization technology has been applied in many sub-specialized fields of cardiac surgery. In some fields this technology has become a routine treatment program.At present,it is mainly used for treatment of congenital heart disease,coronary heart disease,heart valve disease,aortic disease and atrial fibrillation.