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italic>Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a rare Chinese herbal medicine, while Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl is a local medicine in Yunnan, both of which have the function of nourishing yin and stomach. To reveal the differences in chemical composition between the two species, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to analyze the chemical composition of stems and leaves of D. officinale and D. crepidatum. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to determine the differences in metabolites between species and parts of Dendrobium. Fifty-eight chemical compounds were identified in the two species. Analysis indicated that the side ring of alkaloids connected with nitrogen was readily cleaved during analysis. The results of PCA analysis showed that the stems and leaves of D. officinale and D. crepidatum could be easily differentiated, and the chemical constituents of D. officinale and D. crepidatum were significantly different. OPLS-DA analysis showed that there were 16 metabolite differences between the stems and 22 differences in metabolites between the leaves of D. officinale and D. crepidatum. The main metabolite differences in components between the two Dendrobium species were dendrocrepidine B, dendrocrepidine C and dendrocrepine. There were 14 differences in metabolites between the stems and leaves of D. crepidatum. In conclusion, the chemical compositions of D. officinale and D. crepidatum are quite different; the small molecular compounds of D. officinale are mainly terpenoids and flavonoids, and the content of alkaloids is low. There is no significant difference between stem and leaf. In contrast, D. crepidatum is mainly composed of alkaloids and terpenoids, with crepidamine and dendrocrepine as its unique components, and there are great differences in the components between stems and leaves. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Dendrobium resources.
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Objective To improve the design of the fluid supplementation system of Johnson & Johnson automatic blood typing and cross matching instrument to optimize its working flow.Methods Two polyethylene funnels were placed at the cabinet door to execute drainage,which had the height being 14.6 cm,diameter of the wide mouth being 15 cm,protective lip made of hardboard and volume being 700 ml.Each funnel was connected with a 21-mm-diameter drainage tube whose end was put into a flask full of 0.9％ saline or distilled water respectively.Results The velocity was enhanced efficiently for fluid supplementationn,surface pollution due to liquid splash was avoided,and working comfort and efficiency were increased greatly.Conclusion The improved fluid supplementation system gains advantages in low cost,no pollution and convenience,and thus is worthy promoting practically.
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Objective To improve the design of the fluid supplementation system of Johnson & Johnson automatic blood typing and cross matching instrument to optimize its working flow.Methods Two polyethylene funnels were placed at the cabinet door to execute drainage,which had the height being 14.6 cm,diameter of the wide mouth being 15 cm,protective lip made of hardboard and volume being 700 ml.Each funnel was connected with a 21-mm-diameter drainage tube whose end was put into a flask full of 0.9％ saline or distilled water respectively.Results The velocity was enhanced efficiently for fluid supplementationn,surface pollution due to liquid splash was avoided,and working comfort and efficiency were increased greatly.Conclusion The improved fluid supplementation system gains advantages in low cost,no pollution and convenience,and thus is worthy promoting practically.
RESUMO
As the main medicinal powder for drawing out pus and removing necrotic tissue in external therapies of traditional Chinese surgery, Sheng Powder has made great contributions to the treatment of inflammatory wounds and has the unique bactericidal and decay-discharging function that can not be replaced by antibiotics. However, Sheng Powder has toxicity because it contains mercury. So far, there is no clinical research on the standards of dose and usage of Sheng Powder and there is a lack of objective and quantitative criteria for operating standards and monitoring of toxicity and side effects. Therefore, the authors choose Jiuyi Powder, one of the most commonly used Sheng Powder, to evaluate the safety of its external use, and form a standardization program for clinical implementation.