Advance in mechanisms of glial scarring after stroke and intervention of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

When ischemia or hemorrhagic stroke occurs, astrocytes are activated by a variety of endogenous regulatory factors to become reactive astrocytes. Subsequently, reactive astrocytes proliferate, differentiate, and migrate around the lesion to form glial scar with the participation of microglia, neuron-glial antigen 2(NG2) glial cells, and extracellular matrix. The role of glial scars at different stages of stroke injury is different. At the middle and late stages of the injury, the secreted chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and chondroitin sulfate are the main blockers of axon regeneration and nerve function recovery. Targeted regulation of glial scars is an important pathway for neurological rehabilitation after stroke. Chinese medicine has been verified to be effective in stroke rehabilitation in clinical practice, possibly because it has the functions of promoting blood resupply, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, inhibiting cell proliferation and differentiation, and benign intervention in glial scars. This study reviewed the pathological process and signaling mechanisms of glial scarring after stroke, as well as the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine upon glial scar, aiming to provide theoretical reference and research evidence for developing Chinese medicine against stroke in view of targeting glial scarring.

Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Aggressive Natural Killer Cell Leukemia Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, diagnosis and therapy of aggressive natural killer cell leukemia (ANKL) patients.@*METHODS@#Clinical manifestations, cellular morphology, immunophenotypic analysis by flow cytometry (FCM), TCR gene rearrangement, pathology and Immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow (BM) were combined to diagnose the six patients with ANKL.@*RESULTS@#The median age of the patients were 35.5 years old. All the patients with fever, cytopenia and liver dysfunction. Imageological examination presented hepatosplenomegaly (6/6), and PET/CT presented diffusely increased metabolism in liver, spleen and BM (3/3). BM cytologic examination presented increased hematophagocyte at the early stage and 1%-42% leukemic cell were detected in BM with the progression of diseases. FCM showed the leukemic cells were positive for CD2(6/6), CD56(5/6), CD16(2/6), CD94(3/6), CD38(3/6), cCD3(1/5), CD8(1/6), CD7(2/6), CD57(1/6) and negative for CD3, CD4, TdT, cMPO, TCR α/β, TCR γ/δ. The neoplastic cells were negative for TCR gene rearrangement. Five cases showed increased quantitation of whole blood Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA.@*CONCLUSION@#ANKL is a highly aggressive disease. Prompt and repeating BM examination is important to patient with fever, cytopenia and liver dysfunction. The diagnosis of ANKL relies mainly on the integration of clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic finding and EBV-DNA increasement.

Antidepressant-Like Effects of Chaihu Shugan Powder () on Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress through Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the antidepressant-like effects of Chaihu Shugan Powder (CSP, ) and to explore its underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control (CON), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), fluoxetine (FLU), and CSP groups, 8 rats in each group. All of the rats except for those in the control group were subjected to 3 consecutive weeks of CUMS to establish the depression model. The open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test were used to assess the anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects of CSP. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling was used to determine the apoptosis rate in the hippocampal tissues. The mRNA and protein levels of glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78, spliced X-box-binding protein (XBP)-1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the hippocampus of rats were evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Administration of CSP alleviated anxiety and depression-like behavior in CUMS rats, as revealed by enhanced time and distance in the center of the OFT (P<0.05), an increased preference for sucrose, and longer swimming time and shorter immobility time during the FST (all P<0.05). In addition, CSP treatment significantly reduced the rate of apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78, spliced XBP-1, and CHOP were down-regulated along with the expression of caspase-12 and cleaved caspase-12 proteins (all P<0.05), whereas total and phosphorylated JNK1 protein levels did not differ significantly between control and CSP-treated rats.@*CONCLUSION@#CSP can improve depression-like behavior in rats exposed to CUMS, possibly by suppressing CHOP and caspase-12 mediated apoptosis in the rat hippocampus.

Effect of overexpression of microRNA-124 on pathological changes of Tau in elderly patients with Alzheimer disease / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of microRNA-124 (miR-124) expression on pathological changes of Tau in elderly patients with Alzheimer disease to provide a new target for early detection and early treatment of Alzheimer disease in the elderly.Methods:The serum of 50 patients with Alzheimer disease from June 2017 to June 2018 in the Third People′s Hospital of Qinghai Province Hospital was taken as the sample of the research group and the serum of 50 healthy people was taken as the control sample. The mRNA expression of miR-124 in serum was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. The expression levels of Tau protein and phosphorylated Tau (PTau) protein (S396, T181 and T231) were examined; pathological changes of Tau protein were detected by positron emission tomography.Results:The mRNA expression of serum miR-124 in Alzheimer disease patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (6.91 ± 0.41 vs. 5.11 ± 0.37, P < 0.01). The expression levels of total Tau protein, PTau (S396) protein and PTau (T181) protein in Alzheimer disease patients was significantly up-regulated, compared with those of the control group: (195.16 ± 20.48) ng/L vs. (123.25 ± 20.26) ng/L, (69.35 ± 8.92) ng/L vs. (40.53 ± 4.36) ng/L, (66.83 ± 8.45) ng/L vs. (35.87 ± 2.18) ng/L, P < 0.05. The pathological changes of Tau protein were clinically manifested as brain deposition, and the main parts were frontal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe and temporal lobe. The overexpression of miR-124 was positively correlated with high expression of PTau (S396), high expression of PTau (T181) and high expression of total Tau, and it was an independent influencing factor. Conclusions:Overexpression of miR-124 can promote the expression of total Tau protein and phosphorylation of Tau protein, which is clinically indicative of Tau protein deposition in the brain of Alzheimer disease patients. It is expected to be a prognostic biomarker for Alzheimer disease.

Buyang Huanwu Decoction () Attenuates Glial Scar by Downregulating the Expression of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Rats / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (, BYHWD) on glial scar after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and investigate the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#Collagenase type VII (0.5 U) was injected stereotaxically into right globus pallidus to induce ICH model. One hundred and twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups according to a random number table, including normal group (n=40), ICH model group (n=40) and BYHWD group (n=40), respectively. After ICH, the rats in the BYHWD group were intragastrically administered with BYHWD (4.36 g/kg) once a day for 21 days, while the rats in ICH group were administered with equal volume of distilled water for 21 days, respectively. Double immunolabeling was performed for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) nuclei. The expression of GFAP and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).@*RESULTS@#The astrocytes with hypertrophied morphology around the hematoma was observed on day 3 after ICH. The number of GFAP positive cells and GFAP mRNA levels increased notably on day 3 and reached the peak on day 14 post-ICH (P<0.01). PCNA+/GFAP+ nuclei were observed around the hematoma and reached the peak on day 14 post-ICH (P<0.01). In addition, LIF-positive astrocytes and LIF mRNA level in the hemorrhagic region increased significantly till day 14 post-ICH (P<0.01). However, BYHWD not only reduced the number of PCNA/GFAP nuclei, but also decreased GFAP and LIF levels (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#BYHWD could attenuate ICH-induced glial scar by downregulating the expression of LIF in the rats.

Effect of electrical stimulation at auricular points combined with sound masking on the expression of CREB, BDNF and TrkB in the auditory cortex of tinnitus rats / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of electrical stimulation at auricular points (EAS) combined with sound masking on the expression of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the auditory cortex of tinnitus rats.@*METHODS@#A total of 27 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and an EAS group. The rats in the model group and the EAS group were intervened with intraperitoneal injection of sodium salicylate to induce tinnitus model, while the rats in the control group were intervened with injection of 0.9% NaCl solution. After the model was successfully established, the rats in the EAS group were treated with electrical stimulation at "Shenmen" (TF) and "Yidan" (CO), combined with sound masking; the treatment was given once a day for 15 days. The gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) testing were performed using the acoustic startle reflex starter package for rats. The expression of BDNF, TrkB, CREB and p-CREB in the auditory cortex of each group were measured with Western Blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#① Compared with the control group, the GPIAS values in 12 kHz, 16 kHz, 20 kHz and 28 kHz were significantly decreased in the model group (all 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#EAS could improve the GPIAS values of high-frequency background sound in tinnitus rats, which may be related with the upregulation of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in the auditory cortex, leading to the reversion of the maladaptive plasticity.

Dual role of polyamines in heart ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore / 生理学报

Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are essential polycations that play important roles in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammalian cells. The study was to investigate their role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. Isolated hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats were Langendorff-perfused and cardiac I/R was achieved by 30 min of global ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Different concentrations of polyamines (0.1, 1, 10, and 15 μmol/L of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), cyclosporin A (0.2 μmol/L), or atractyloside (20 μmol/L) were given 10 min before the onset of reperfusion. The hemodynamics were monitored; the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the coronary effluent were measured spectrophotometrically; infarct size was determined by the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method; and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening was determined spectrophotometrically by the Ca-induced swelling of isolated cardiac mitochondria. The results showed that compared to I/R alone, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L polyamines treatment improved heart function, reduced LDH release, decreased infarct size, and these effects were inhibited by atractyloside (MPTP activator). In isolated mitochondria from normal rats, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L polyamines treatment inhibited MPTP opening. However, 10 and 15 μmol/L polyamines treatment had the opposite effects, and these effects were inhibited by cyclosporin A (MPTP inhibitor). Our findings showed that polyamines may have either protective or damaging effects on hearts suffering from I/R by inhibiting or activating MPTP opening.

Effect and Clinical Significance of Bortezomib and Thalidomide on the Memory T Cells Subsets and Regulatory T Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of bortezomib(BTZ) and thalidomide(TM) on peripheral blood memory T-cells (T) and regulatory T cells(Tregs) in patients with multiple myeloma(MM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-six MM patients received 2 courses of chemotherapy were divided into effective (partial response at least) group (63 cases) and ineffective (no partial response) group (17 cases) according to therapeutic efficacy; these 80 patients were divided into BTZ group (38 cases) and TM group (42 cases) yet according to therapeutic regimens, 20 newly diagnosed MM patients were used as baseline group, 30 healthy volunteers were used as healthy control group. The T subsets and Treg in peripheral blood of each groups were detected by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The CD4 central memory T cells (CD4 T) percentage of CD4 T, the CD18 T percentage of CD18T and ratio of CD8 T and CD8 effector memory T cells (T) (CD8 T/T) in baseline group were all significantly lower than those in healthy control group (P<0.05). After treatment with BTZ regimen or TM regimen, the CD8T percentage of CD8 T in effective group significantly increased to level of healthy control group (P<0.05); the Treg cell level in effective and in effective groups was not significantly different from that in baseline group(P>0.05), but the Treg percentage of CD4 cells ineffective group was significantly higher than that in baseline group and ineffective group (P<0.05). According to ROC curve, the critical value of CD8T/T for predicting chemotherapeutic response was 0.27 with sensitivity of 57.1% and specificity of 94.1%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When MM patients are in an immuno-exhanstive status, the treatment with BTZ or TM both can reverse the immuno-inhibitory status of MM patients, moreover, does not affect the Treg cell count; the Treg percentage in BTZ and TM effective groups both are significantly higher than that in baseline group and ineffective group. The ratio of CD8T/T contributes to evaluating the chemotherapeutic efficacy.</p>

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Different Chemotherapy Regimens in the Treatment of Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the pharmaco-economic effect of 3 chemotherapeutic regimens in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma(MM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty-eight newly diagnosed cases of MM in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively, and then MM patients were divided into group A, B and C group according to therapeutic regimen. Group A was treated with VCD therapeutic regimen (bortezomib + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone, 63 cases), The patients in group B was treated with BiCTD therapeutic regimen (clarithromycin+cyclophosphamide+thalidomide+dexamethasone, 44 cases), The patients in group C was treated with CTD therapeutic regimen (cyclophosphamide+ thalidomide+dexamethasone, 33 cases). The clinical efficacy, adverse reaction, cost-effectiveness were observed and analysed after 4 courses of treatment among 3 groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall response rates of group A, B and C were 96.83%, 81.82% and 64.52% with statistical significant difference (P<0.01). The high efficiency response rates of 3 groups were 82.5%, 59.09%, 32.26% with very significant statistical difference (P<0.01). The infection rate of group A was statistically and significantly higher than other 2 groups (P=0.048), and the constipation rate in group A was statistically and significantly higer than that in group B and C (P<0.05). The cost-effectiveness ratios of 3 groups were 69567.44, 20765.12 and 21475.48, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of group A and B were 183933.21 and 22259.09, as compared with group C. The result was in accordance with sensitivity test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Clinicial efficacy of group A is the best,but group B has advantages on cost-effectiveness ratio as compared with other groups, otherwise, group B has low incidence of adverse reaction. In the view of safety, therapeutic efficacy and pharmacoeconomics for treatment of patients with MM, the BiCTD regimen has been confirmed to be superior to the other 2 groups.</p>

Establishment and Management of Multiple Myeloma Specimen Bank Applied for Molecular Biological Researches / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a multiple myeloma specimen bank applied for molecular biological researches and to explore the methods of specimen collection, transportation, storage, quality control and the management of specimen bank.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow and blood samples were collected from multiple myeloma patients, plasma cell sorting were operated after the separation of mononuclear cells from bone marrow specimens. The plasma cells were divided into 2 parts, one was added with proper amount of TRIzol and then kept in -80 °C refrigerator for subsequent RNA extraction, the other was added with proper amount of calf serum cell frozen liquid and then kept in -80 °C refrigerator for subsequent cryopreservation of DNA extraction after numbered respectively. Serum and plasma were separated from peripheral blood, specimens of serum and plasma were then stored at -80 °C refrigerator after registration. Meantime, the myeloma specimen information management system was established, managed and maintained by specially-assigned persons and continuous modification and improvement in the process of use as to facilitate the rapid collection, management, query of the effective samples and clinical data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 244 portions plasma cells, 564 portions of serum, and 1005 portions of plasma were collected, clinical characters were documented.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A multiple myeloma specimen bank have been established initially, which can provide quality samples and related clinical information for molecular biological research on multiple myeloma.</p>

Clinical and Immunophenotypic Properties of Small Cell Variant of T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic properties of the patients with small cell variant of T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia(T-PLL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood and bone marrow cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic examination, and T-cell receptor(TCR) gene rearrangement detection were used to verify the diagnosis for 2 patients with lymphocytosis. Two patients were treated with combined chemotherapeutic protocol based on fludarabine.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At diagnosis of case 1, the main lymphocytes of peripheral blood smear were the small mature lymphocytes without nucleoli. The immunophenotype of the cells was CD3CD5CD7CD4CD8TCRα/β. The patient achieved complete remission after treatment with combined with CTX of fludarabine. The disease relapsed at 32 months after diagnosis. The abnormal lymphocytes were medium-sized ones with a visible nucleolus. Immunophenotyping showed that the leukemic cells were predominantly CD8 positive(CD3CD5CD7CD4CD8TCRα/β). Both the peripheral blood and bone marrow cells of case 2 were predominanthy the mature lymphocytes, and their immunophenotype was HLA-DRCD7CD5CD4CD3CD2CD56cCD3TCRα/β. The combined fludarabine therapy was ineffective.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Immunophenotypical switch from CD4CD8to CD4CD8may be associated with a poor response to chemotherapy. CD56 expression is an independent poor prognostic factor for primary refractory disease in T-PLL and may be considered for implementing risked-adapted therapeutic strategies.</p>

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Developed during Imatinib Therapy for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) developed during imatinib therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 49-year-old woman was hospitalized for abdominal pain. The abdominal CT revealed a gastric mass. Laparoscopic resection of the tumor was performed. The histopathologic analysis showed poorly differentiated malignant cell infiltration with epithelioid features. Immunohistochemistry staining of these cells was positive for CD117 and CD34. GIST was confirmed and imatinib treatment was given.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 1 year,the patient developed progressive pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspirate showed marked hyperplasia of bone marrow cells with 92.5% promyelocyte, consistent with APL. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated t(15;17)(q22;q21) as the sole abnormality. PML/RARα fusion gene was positive and Kit mutation was negative. After combined treatment with ATRA, arsenic trioxide and idarubicin, patient achieved cytogenetic and molecular remission.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The metachronous coexistence of GIST with APL is uncommon. The potential nonrandom association and causal relationship between these malignancies remained to be investigated. Further studies would be necessary to clarify the relationship between imatinib and secondary malignancies in GIST patients.</p>

Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcome of Isolated Ovarian Relapse in Adolescent with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of isolated ovarian relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A 16-year-old girl presented with complaints of bone and joint pain. The peripheral blood and bone marrow(BM) smears showed 32% and 72% blasts, respectively, which were myeloperoxidase-negative. The blasts were positive for HLA-DR, TdT, CD10, CD19, CD22 and cCD79a and negative for CD34, CD5, CD7, CD13, CD33, CD56 and MPO detected by flow cytometry. BM cytogenetic analysis and fusion gene screening revealed t(1;19)(q23;p13) and E2A/PBX1. She was diagnosed as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and was treated with CALGB8811 protocol. She presented lower abdominal pain with intermittent colick at 7 months after complete remission. The pelvic ultrasound showed a lobulated mixed echogenic mass in the right ovary, and an exploratory laparotomy was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pathologic examination and immunohistochemistry of resected ovarian tumor revealed extensive infiltration by lymphoblasts with positive for TdT, CD20, CD43 and CD79a. Further investigations failed to reveal any other extramedullary involvement. Hemogram, peripheral blood and bone marrow smear examination were unremarkable at the same time. The isolated extramedullary ovarian relapse of ALL was confirmed. Simultaneous, the detection of minimal residual disease by multiparametric flow cytometry showed positive with 5.0×10. The reinduction chemotherapy including a high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine was given to the patients. She experienced the second ovarian relapse after 1 year and refused further treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Although uncommon, ovarian recurrence after chemotherapy for ALL should be considered in the patients with suggestive symptoms. Screening by pelvic ultrasonography may be valuble for early detection of pelvic disease in ALL.</p>

Application Value of CD138 MACS-FISH in the Genetic Diagnosis of Plasma Cell Dyscrasia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of the various plasma cell dyscrasia using the CD138 MACS-FISH, to elucidate the application value of MACS-FISH in the genetic diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasia, and to explore the standardization of FISH detection for plasma cell dyscrasia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 232 patients with newly diagnosed plasma cell dyscrasia were collected, including 203 cases of MM, 24 cases of AL amyloidosis and 5 cases of MGUS, whose cytogenetic abnormalities were detected by MACS-FISH, and the differences of the positive detection rates of chromosome karyotype analysis, C-FISH and MACS-FISH in MM cytogenetic abnormality were compared. The sensitivity of C-FISH and MACS-FISH were analyzed and compared according to the proportion of bone marrow plasma cells. The correlation between the positive cell rates of C-FISH and MACS-FISH and the proportion of plasma cells were analyzed respectively. The differences in the clone size detected by C-FISH and MACS-FISH were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of cytogenetic abnormality of MM, AL amyloidosis and MGUS detected by MACS-FISH were 85.9%, 62.5%, 60%, respectively. The incidence rate of MM cytogenetic abnormality detected by Chromosome karyotype analysis and C-FISH were 20.0% and 64.7%, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of MACS-FISH(P<0.001). The positive rate of 14q32 translocation, del(14q32), t(11;14), +17p13 and the coexistence of 2 and ≥3 kinds of cytogenetic abnormalities detected by MACS-FISH were significantly higher than that detected by C-FISH(P<0.05). When the plasma cell ratio was less than or equal to 5%, the positive detection rate of MACS-FISH was significantly higher than that of C-FISH (P=0.001), and there was no significant difference in different plasma cell proportion group of MACS-FISH. However, when the plasma cell ratio was less than or equal to 5%, the positive detection rate of C-FISH detection was significantly lower than that of the other 3 groups (P=0.013,P=0.001,P<0.001). The positive cell rates of all cytogenetic abnormalities in C-FISH group and +1q21 and 14q32 translocation in MACS-FISH group were significantly positively correlated with the proportion of plasma cells(P<0.05). The clone size of various cytogenetic abnormalities in MACS-FISH group were significantly higher than that in C-FISH group(P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MACS-FISH may significantly enhance the detection rate of cytogenetic abnormalities in various plasma cell dyscrasia, and it can better reflect the cytogenetic abnormality of plasma cell dyscrasia and its clone size. MACS-FISH may be recommended as a standard method for the genetic diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasia, the risk stratification of MM and SMM, as well as the genetic diagnosis and research of MGUS and AL amyloidosis.</p>

Clinico-pathologic Characteristics of Adult Patients with Atypical Infectious Mononucleosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of adult patients with atypical infectious mononucleosis(IM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2003 to December 2013, a total of 5 cases of atypical IM misdiagnosed as lymphoma were selected, and the clinico-pathological characteristics and efficacy of treatment were analyzed. Biopsy of lymph node or tonsil was performed to evaluate the possibility of lymphoma. Peripheral blood EBV antibody and EBV-DNA were examined by ELISA and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the cases were considered as lymphoma on the basis of morphological features in initial evaluation before relapse. These features included a florid immunoblastic proliferation, distortion of the underlying nodal or tonsillar architecture and the presence of necrosis. The immunophenotypic features, EBV encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization and the gene rearrangement of immunoglobulin or T cell receptor may be helpful for the distinction of atypical IM from lymphoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IM as EBV-related lymphoproliferative process shows marked clinical and histological diversity. Atypical case of IM may mimic many different type of lymphoma in clinical and pathologic features, and the misdiagnosis should be avoided by using molecular and pathological examination.</p>

Efficacy comparison of different points combination in the treatment of menopausal insomnia: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy of different points combination in the treatment of menopausal insomnia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-six cases of menopausal insomnia were randomized into 3 groups, Xinshu (BL 15), Shenshu (BL 23), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were chosen in the restore interaction between the heart and the kidney group (group A, 32 cases); Zhaohai (KI 6), Jiaoxin (KI 8), Shenmai (BL 62), Pucan (BL 61) were chosen in the acupuncturing qiao mai group (group B, 32 cases); auricular Shenmen (TF4) and sensitive spot at the distribution area of auricular vagus nervus were chosen in the ear acupuncture group (group C, 32 cases). Six days made one session and the treatments were finished after 4 courses. The polysomnography (PSG) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were employed before and after treatment to evaluate the alleviation of insomnia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The parameters of the sleep latency (SL), rapid wave sleep latency (RL) and sleep efficiency (SE) were significantly improved in the three groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The SL and awaking time (AT) in group C [SL (401.08 +/- 16.54) min and AT (4.87 +/- 2.64) times] were significantly superior to those in the other two groups [SL (50.36 +/- 18.47) min, (54.87 +/- 20.92) min, AT (5.98 +/- 2.11) times, (6.13 +/- 3.04) times, all P < 0.05]. The S(3+4) (%) in group C was also significantly higher than those in the other two groups (both P < 0.05). It was indicated by PSQI that the sleep quality of group C (0.78 +/- 0.12) was significantly superior to that in group B (1.32 +/- 0.29), the total score and cured and markedly effective rate in group C [(4.34 +/- 1.43), 68.8% (22/32)] were superior to those in group A [(7.48 +/- 3.09), 53.1% (17/32), both P < 0.05].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ear acupuncture has a better curative effect than the restore interaction between the heart and the kidney group and acupuncturing qiao mai group, it is worth of being promoted.</p>

Advances and disputes of posterior malleolus fracture / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The objective of this article is to summarize the development of evaluation and treatment of posterior malleolus fracture (PMF).</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>Data used in this review were mainly from English literature of PubMed data base. Study selection Articles were included in this review if they were related to the PMF or trimalleolar fracture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No consensus was found regarding what sizes of posterior malleolus fragments would lead to ankle instability thus affecting prognosis and should be fixed. X-ray measurement is unreliable, while CT scan is widely recommended and it can recognize the occult posterior malleolus fractures associated with tibia shaft fractures, which are always undetected previously. Direct posterior malleolus fixation is suitable to stabilize syndesmotic injury. The basic and clinical researches support direct reduction and buttress plate fixation of posterior malleolus fracture through the posterolateral approach. Operative indications and timing of weight bearing are still in discussion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Knowing whether ankle instability occurs and the proper methods to diagnose, evaluate, and operate can help manage the fracture. Further biomechanical research on ankle stability and clinical study to compare various treatment methods are required.</p>

Treatment of peripheral facial paralysis with acupuncture at Renying (ST 9) mainly cooperated with stellate ganglion block: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the better therapy for peripheral facial paralysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty patients were randomized into three groups: a common acupuncture group: acupuncture at Yangbai (GB 14), Sibai (ST 2) and Yingxiang (LI 20) as main acupoints, a ST 9 group: acupuncture at Renying (ST 9) as main and a ST 9 plus SGB group: acupuncture at Renying (ST 9) as main cooperated with stellate ganglion block (SGB). Once daily, 7 treatments made one session. After three sessions of treatment, the latency period and amplitude of evoked potential in ENoG, R1 value and R2 value of blink reflex were compared before and after the treatment in different groups separately. The total therapeutic effect was evaluated after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the treatments shortened the latency period of ENoG, and elevated the amplitude evoked potential significantly. After treatment, the latency period in ST 9 plus SGB group was reduced significantly as compared with common acupuncture group (P < 0.05). The amplitude of evoked potential in ST 9 group was increased significantly as compared with the other two groups (both P < 0.05). After treatment, in each group, R1 and R2 values were shortened significantly. The difference values of R1 and R2 in ST 9 group and ST 9 plus SGB group were all significantly higher as compared with common acupuncture group (both P < 0.05). Additionally, the difference value of R1 in ST 9 plus SGB group was higher significantly than that in ST 9 group (P < 0.05). The clinical cured and remarkably effective rate was 87.5% (35/40) in ST9 plus SGB group, which was higher than 77.5% (31/40) in ST 9 group, and 65.0% (26/40) in common acupuncture group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As compared with common acupuncture group, ST 9 group and ST 9 plus SGB group achieve the much superior efficacy on peripheral facial paralysis. The treatment with ST 9 acupuncture and SGB can better repair the early reflex induced by the injury of facial nerve.</p>

Relationship between the catalysis of Bence Jones protein and renal impairment in patients with multiple myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the relationship between the catalysis of Bence Jones protein (BJP) in urine of patients with multiple myeloma(MM) and toxicity on the renal proximal tubular cells in vitro, and to explore the potential mechanism for the toxicity of BJP to renal impairment in patients with MM. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) and catalytic constant (k(cat)) of the amidase activity of BJP was calculated by Hanes equation. The LLC-PK1 cells were cultured with different concentration of BJP for 24 h, then proliferation of the cells were determined by MTT method and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that the BJP from the MM patients with renal impairment significantly inhibited cell proliferation, as compared with that from MM patients without renal impairment. The BJP with higher k(cat) had higher toxicity to LLC-PK1 cells. BJP could induce apoptosis and necrosis of LLC-PK1 cells when reached a certain concentration and this effect enhanced with increase of BJP concentration. It is concluded that the catalysis of BJP and its toxicity to renal tubular epithelial cells has a positive correlation, and toxic effect of BJP on renal tubular epithelial cells results from inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis and necrosis of the cells, which may be one of renal impairment mechanisms in MM patients.

The biomechanics study of rabbit osteoporosis models treated by 99Tc-MDP combined with GuKang Ling / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To study the bone biomechanics of the rabbit osteoporosis models induced by dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection (DX) using a combined treatment modality of 99Tc-MDP and GuKangLing.Methods Rabbits were intramuscularly injected with DX (2 mg/kg) twice a week for 6 weeks.The animal osteoporosis model group (Group C) and normal group (Group A) were compared to confirm the model was available.Another control group (Group B),the osteoporosis control group (Group D) were set for the comparison at the end of the experiment.The 99Tc-MDP therapy group (Group E),GuKangLing therapy group (Group F) and 99Tc-MDP plus GuKangLing therapy group (Group G) were included in the study.The treatment lasted for 16 weeks.The bone biomechanics,cytopathology bone histomorphology,bone mineral density (BMD),X-ray,CT,bone scintigraphy and serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP)and P (bone gla protein) were chosen as the markers or methods to evaluate the treatment results (excellent,effective and invalid).The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used for group comparison analysis.Results Cytopathology result indicated that there was no bone trabecula destruction in Group A.However,there was distinct bone destruction in Group C.The bone biomechanics (left femur head (265.914 ±52.773) N,L4(369.671 ±94.919) N),BMD(left femur (0.238 ±0.016) g/cm2,L4(0.236 ±0.016) g/cm2)and bone histomorphology ( (66.230 ± 10.848) ％ ) in Group C reduced clearly as compared with Group A ((405.343±55.410) N,(750.870±53.718) N,(0.294±0.017) g/cm2,(0.302±0.023) g/cm2,( 131.500 ± 21.846) ％ ) ( t ≥4.550,all P ＜ 0.01 ).Radionuclide bone scan also showed that the uptake of tracers was higher by the main arthrosis in Group C than that in Group A.Vertebra was not clearly visualized on bone scan image.There were significant differences between Group A and Group C in serum BALP and P ((45.000±7.303) vs (12.485 ±1.512) U/L,(0.168±0.018) vs (0.115 ±0.017) μg/L,t =4.126,5.476,both P ＜ 0.01 ),which indicated that the animal osteoporosis model was available.The pathological results showed an improved recovery of bone structure and trabecular in Groups E and G,but a worse recovery in Group F.Biomechanics result in Groups E and G (left femur head (386.457 ±77.077) N and (432.771 ± 17.525) N,L4(649.550 ± 126.859) N and (655.443 ±76.555) N) improved apparently,which were similar to Group B.The radiotracer uptake in Group F was lower than that in group D.The bone biomechanics,bone histomorphology,BMD,serum BALP and P after the treatment showed significant differences in Groups E,F and G (F:8.556 - 31.608,all P＜0.01 ),and the bone biomechanics result in Group G was a little better than that in Group E (t =2.625,P ＜ 0.05 ).The results of Group G and E were considered as excellent,and Group F was considered as effective.Conclusions The treatment of 99Tc-MDP combined with GuKangLing could improve the bone biomechanics of rabbit osteoporosis models and may be a potential method to increase the bone strength for resisting external force.