Relationship between the inserting sites of Fu's subcutaneous needling and traditional acupoints: revelation to acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

Focusing on the phenomenon of "de-acupoints" of the needle insertion sites in Fu's subcutaneous needling (FSN), the authors allocated the evolution and characteristics of the needle insertion sites of FSN. From six aspects, named morphology and structure, location, nomenclature, numbers and meridian tropism, indications and acupuncture manipulations, the comparison was made between the insertion sites of FSN and traditional acupoints. It is believed: ①The needle insertion sites of FSN has the basic attributes of acupoint, which not only refers to the operation site, but also indicates the reaction of disease; moreover, it is the treatment site with significant therapeutic effect. ②The optimized sites of insertion in FSN should be named differently and their locations and numbers should be specified relatively. ③The insertion sites of FSN should be further intersected and integrated with traditional acupoints, and a part of traditional acupoints should become the insertion sites of FSN. ④Accepting and integrating the insertion sites of FSN, and expanding the scope of traditional acupoints may be the new project in the research of traditional acupoints.

Evaluation of the effect of comprehensive prevention and management of diabetes mellitus of two cross-sectional surveys based on community population / 中华预防医学杂志

To investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among residents in Chongchuan district, Nantong city in 2012 and 2018, and evaluate the effectiveness of community comprehensive management of DM. Based on the data of 17 780 and 13 382 residents in the cross-sectional surveys of the " National Demonstration Area for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases " project in Chongchuan District of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province in 2012 and 2018, 4 583 and 3 996 DM-related information were obtained. The population of Jiangsu Province in 2012 and 2018 was used as the reference for standardization. The rates of prevalence and management (including awareness, treatment, treatment of patients who knew their diabetic situation, control and control of patients under treatment) of DM in the two surveys were compared using chi-square test. The results showed that in 2012 and 2018, the prevalence rates of DM were 12.0% and 15.7% (χ²=24.25, P<0.05), and the standardized rates were 10.1% and 10.8% (χ²=1.05, P=0.306). The incidence rates were 5.7% and 2.3%, respectively (χ²=55.60, P<0.05). The standardized prevalence rates in the two surveys were 9.7% and 11.6% for males (χ²=3.66, P=0.056) and 10.5% and 9.9% for females (χ²=0.50, P=0.481), 7.2% and 6.5% (χ²=0.85, P=0.357) for people aged 18-59 years old and 20.6% and 21.9% (χ²=0.91, P=0.339) for people aged 60 years and over, respectively. The standardized rates of awareness, treatment, treatment of patients who knew their diabetic situation, control, and control of patients under treatment in 2018 were 84.4%, 80.3%, 95.2%, 58.4%, and 70.2%, respectively, higher than 47.2%, 23.4%, 44.8%, 30.4% and 59.4% in 2012 (χ²=183.33, χ²=380.65, χ²=282.99, χ²=93.24, χ²=6.22, all P<0.05). Among men, the standardized rates of awareness, treatment, treatment of patients who knew their diabetic situation, and control in 2018 were 85.8%, 78.8%, 91.8% and 62.7%, higher than 50.5%, 37.5%, 72.3% and 32.6% in 2012 (χ²=78.40, χ²=96.17, χ²=27.55, χ²=48.96, all P<0.05). Similarly, the standardized management rates in 2018 were 83.0%, 81.7%, 98.5%, 54.1% and 65.1%, higher than 44.0%, 10.0%, 18.3%, 28.2% and 48.8% in 2012 among women (χ²=105.52, χ²=326.36, χ²=317.22, χ²=43.34, χ²=3.87, all P<0.05). The standardized rates of awareness, treatment, treatment of patients who knew their diabetic situation, and control of people aged 18-59 and 60 years and over were 82.9%, 79.7%, 96.1%, 55.0% and 88.0%, 81.8%, 93.0% and 67.2%, higher than 42.6%, 19.8%, 42.2%, 27.5% and 63.9%, 36.8%, 53.9%, 40.8% in 2012 (χ²=44.51, χ²=102.17, χ²=57.78, χ²=21.65, all P<0.05; χ²=71.18, χ²=181.55, χ²=146.26, χ²=59.23, all P<0.05). The comprehensive prevention and control system of chronic diseases, which comprehensively covered the life of community residents, had good management effect on DM, and effectively promoted health education and health promotion.

Therapeutic observation on horizontal penetration needling for residual dizziness after repositioning maneuver in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of horizontal penetration needling at vertigo auditory area and balance area on residual dizziness after successful repositioning maneuver in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).@*METHODS@#Sixty-six patients with residual dizziness after successful repositioning maneuver for BPPV were randomly divided into an observation group (34 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (32 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the observation group were treated with horizontal penetration needling at vertigo auditory area and balance area, once every other day; three times were taken as a course of treatment, and two courses of treatment were given. The patients in the control group received no acupuncture and medication. The dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were observed before treatment and after 1 and 2 courses of treatment.@*RESULTS@#Except for the emotional score of DHI in the control group after 1 course of treatment, the sub item scores and total scores of DHI and VAS scores in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Whether acupuncture or not, residual dizziness after repositioning maneuver for BPPV can be relieved within 2 weeks; horizontal penetration needling at vertigo auditory area and balance area could improve dizziness symptoms and shorten the course of disease.

Clinical observation on horizontal penetration needling combined with rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets for migraine without aura in acute stage / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the therapeutic effect of horizontal penetration needling combined with rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets, simple horizontal penetration needling and simple rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets for migraine without aura in acute stage.@*METHODS@#A total of 99 patients with migraine without aura in acute stage were randomized into an acupuncture plus medication group, an acupuncture group and a western medication group, 33 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, horizontal penetration needling was applied once at Hanyan (GB 4) to Xuanli(GB 6), Shenting (GV 24) to Yintang (GV 29), Baihui (GV 20) to Qianding (GV 21), etc. for 2 h. In the western medication group, oral rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets for 10 mg were given once. In the acupuncture plus medication group, treatment of acupuncture combined with rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets were given, the application was the same as the acupuncture group and the western medication group. Before treatment and 0.5, 2, 24 h after treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was observed, the remission rate and the disappearance rate of migraine of 2, 24 h after treatment were compared in the 3 groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the VAS scores of each time point after treatment were decreased in the 3 groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Horizontal penetration needling combined with rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets have significant therapeutic effect on rapid analgesia and continuous analgesia for migraine without aura in acute stage, its effect is superior to simple horizontal penetration needling and simple rizatriptan monobenzoate tablets.

Horizontal penetration needling method for headache / 中国针灸

The manipulation and key points of professor

Analysis on relationship between syndrome differentiation of migraine and acupuncture effect / 中国针灸

The problems of the syndrome differentiation of migraine in acupuncture treatment were collected, e.g. inconsistency of syndrome differentiation, unclear staging of syndrome differentiation, lack of standardization in comparison between syndrome differentiation and non-differentiation, insufficient research on the factors of syndrome differentiation. In view of the exiting problems, focusing on two aspects of migraine, namely syndrome differentiation and acupuncture effect, the clinical treatment and research are conducted in migraine treated with acupuncture based on syndrome differentiation. It is believed that the comprehensive observation of the relationship between syndrome differentiation and acupuncture effect, as well as the analysis of the relevant factors of syndrome differentiation of migraine should be the focus in future research.

Status quo and thinking of acupoint optimization for preventive treatment of migraine / 中国针灸

To summarize the status quo of acupoint optimization for prophylactic treatment of migraine from acupoint selection based on traditional Chinese medicine theory, acupoints selection based on modern medical theory, and the relative specificity of acupoints. It is found that at present, there are many gaps in the research of preventive treatment of migraine, while the initial optimization scheme of acupoints is formed, and there is controversy in the relative specificity of acupoints. It is believed that through the systematic analysis of the disease characteristics of acupuncture, manipulation, acupuncture tools and other factors that affect the selection of acupoints, the relative specificity of acupoints can be further clarified, and the advantages of acupoint selection based on traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern medical theory can be further optimized for the preventive treatment of migraine and improve the curative effect.

Preliminary Optimization of Acupuncture Protocol in Treating Migraine in Acute Stage / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To preliminarily optimize the acupuncture protocol in treating migraine in acute stage. Method Ninety patients with migraine in acute stage were observed, with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) as the evaluation index and an orthogonal design. Acupoints groups [Taiyang (EX-HN5), Fengchi (GB20), Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Fengchi (GB20)], insertion directions (perpendicular, downward penetration, and backward penetration), stimulation dosage (1 needle, 3 needles, and 5 needles) and acupuncture duration (30 min, 1 h, and 2 h), altogether 4 factors and 3 levels, formed up different acupuncture protocols to observe the analgesic efficacy in treating migraine in acute stage, so as to determine the role of the four factors (Chi-square test), advantage of the 3 levels (multiple comparisons) and the optimal grouping of the 4 factors and 3 levels. Result Acupoints group, insertion direction and stimulation dosage were the major factors in acupuncture analgesia, and the acupuncture duration was the secondary factor (P<0.05). The analgesic effect of Taiyang (EX-HN5) and Fengchi (GB20) was more significant than either Taiyang (EX-HN5) or Fengchi (GB20) (P<0.05). Penetration puncture from Naokong (GB19) towards Fengchi (GB20) (downward penetration) produced a more significant analgesic effect than from Fengchi (GB20) towards Wangu (GB12) and from Tianyou (TE16) towards Fengchi (GB20) (both backward penetration) (P<0.05). Acupuncture with Five needles and 3 needles (parallel horizontal insertion) were superior to that with 1 needle (P<0.05); acupuncture with 5 needles was better than that with 3 needles but without a statistical significance (P>0.05). Needle retaining for 2 h produced a better analgesic effect than retaining for 30 min and 1 h, but without statistical significances (P>0.05). Conclusion Taiyang (EX-HN5) plus Fengchi (GB20), downward penetration acupuncture, 5-needle parallel horizontal acupuncture, and 2-h needle retaining combine an optimal acupuncture protocol in treating migraine in acute stage. Nevertheless, 3-needle parallel acupuncture with 30-60-min needle retaining can also be chosen according to the condition of the patients.

Early Changes in Apparent Diffusion Coefficient for Salivary Glands during Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Associated with Xerostomia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the salivary glands during radiotherapy (RT) and their association with the degree of xerostomia at 6 months after RT in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 26 patients with NPC who underwent RT. Each patient underwent diffusion-weighted MRI of the salivary glands at rest and with gustatory stimulation within 1 week before RT and 2 weeks after the beginning of RT. The ADC at rest (ADCR) and increase and increase rate with stimulation (ADCI, ADCIR) of the submandibular and parotid glands were calculated. The differences in the variables' values between 2 weeks after the beginning of RT and baseline (ΔADCR, ΔADCI, and ΔADCIR) were compared to the degree of xerostomia at 6 months after RT. RESULTS: The ADCR of the submandibular and parotid glands were both significantly higher at 2 weeks after the beginning of RT than found at baseline (both p < 0.01). The ADCI and ADCIR for the parotid glands were both significantly lower at 2 weeks after the beginning of RT than found at baseline (both p < 0.01). ΔADCI and ΔADCIR of the parotid glands were associated with the degree of xerostomia at 6 months after RT (r = −0.61 and −0.72, both p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The ADCs of the salivary glands change early during RT. The differences in the ADC increase and increase rate of the parotid glands between 2 weeks after the beginning of RT and baseline were associated with the degree of xerostomia at 6 months after RT.

Clinical and procedural predictors of no-reflow in patients with acute myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND:The treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is thought to restore antegrade blood flow in the infarct-related artery (IRA) and minimize ischemic damage to the myocardium as soon as possible. The present study aimed to identify possible clinical predictors for no-reflow in patients with AMI after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS:A total of 312 consecutive patients with AMI who had been treated from January 2008 to December 2010 at the Cardiology Department of East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria were:(i) patients underwent successfully primary PCI within 12 hours after the appearance of symptoms; or (ii) patients with ischemic chest pain for more than 12 hours after a successful primary PCI within 24 hours after appearance of symptoms. Exculsion criteria were:(i) coronary artery spasm; (ii) diameter stenosis of the culprit lesion was ≤50％ and coronary blood flow was normal; (iii) patients with severe left main coronary or multivessel disease, who had to require emergency revascularization. According to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI), the patients were divided into a reflow group and a no-reflow group. The clinical data, angiography findings and surgical data were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the predictors for no-reflow. RESULTS:Fifty-four (17.3％) of the patients developed NR phenomenon after primary PCI. Univariate analysis showed that age, time from onset to reperfusion, systolic blood pressure (SBP) on admission, Killip class of myocardial infarction, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use before primary PCI, TIMI flow grade before primary PCI, type of occlusion, thrombus burden on baseline angiography, target lesion length, reference luminal diameter and method of reperfusion were correlated with no-reflow (P<0.05 for all). Multiple logistic regression analysis identified that age >65 years [OR=1.470, 95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.460–1.490,P=0.007], long time from onset to reperfusion >6 hours (OR=1.270, 95％CI 1.160–1.400,P=0.001), low SBP on admission <100 mmHg (OR=1.910, 95％CI 1.018–3.896,P=0.004), IABP use before PCI (OR= 1.949, 95％CI 1.168–3.253, P=0.011), low (≤1) TIMI flow grade before primary PCI (OR=1.100, 95％CI 1.080–1.250,P<0.001), high thrombus burden (OR=1.600, 95％CI 1.470–2.760,P=0.030), and long target lesion (OR=1.948, 95％CI 1.908–1.990,P=0.019) on angiography were independent predictors of no-reflow. CONCLUSION:The occurrence of no-reflow after primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction can predict clinical, angiographic and procedural features.

Status que of acupuncture for strephenopodia after stroke / 中国针灸

In order to optimize acupuncture protocol for stephenipodia after stroke, related papers of the recent 20 years are retrieved. Interrelated factors which may influence the therapeutic effect of acupuncture are analyzed through the aspects such as acupoints, needling methods and opportunities of acupuncture. It is held that importance should be attached on relation between acupoints and anatomy during acupoint selection. Different acupuncture protocol can be adopted in different phases of stephenipodia according to its time of occurrence. And it is found that the combination of acupuncture and rehabilitation can reinforce the therapeutic effect. Relationship between effect of acupuncture and patient's condition, acupoint selection and prescription, acupuncture manipulations (including directions, angles, reinforcing and reducing, quantity of stimulus) are worth to be further studied. On the base of the above all mentioned studies, optimization can be carried out on selection of acupoints and acupuncture manipulations. And therapeutic effect can be enhanced when the optimized acupuncture protocol is combined with rehabilitation therapies.

Effects of Tongnao Huoluo acupuncture therapy on Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 of rats with acute cerebral infarction / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate effects of Tongnao Huoluo acupuncture therapy (THAT) on Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 rats with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 264 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e. the THAT group (n =72), the thrombolysis group (n =72), the body acupuncture group (n =72), the ischemia control group (n =24), and the sham-operation group (n =24). Successfully modeled rats were recruited in all groups except the sham-operation group. Rats in the THAT group, the thrombolysis group, and the body acupuncture group were divided into 3 subgroups according to the disease occurrence time, i.e., < or = 1.5 h THAT group, 1.5+ -2 h THAT group, and 2+ -3 h THAT group. The neuroethological scores were assessed at 6, 24, and 72 h after treatment. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were detected using immunohistochemical staining at 24 and 72 h respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In aspect of improving scores of neurological functions: At 6 h after treatment within 2 h after the disease occurrence, the neuroethological scores were lowered more obviously in the thrombolysis group than in the THAT group (P <0.05). There was statistical difference at 24 and 72 h within 2 - 3 h after the,disease occurrence between the THAT group and the thrombolysis group (P <0.05). Compared with before treatment, there was statistical difference at 24 and 72 h within 3 h after the disease occurrence (P <0. 05, P <0.01). In aspect of lowering the expression of Caspase-3 and elevating the expression of Bcl-2: There was statistical difference in lowering the expression of Caspase-3 and elevating the expression of Bcl-2 between the THAT group and the thrombolysis group at 72 h within 2 -3 after the disease occurrence (P <0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>THAT showed favorable effects in lowering neuroethological scores, lowering expression of Caspase-3, and elevating the expression of Bcl-2 of ACI rats.</p>

The role of acupuncture and moxibustion in organized medicine of pain / 中国针灸

The literature on acupuncture-moxibustion and acupuncture-moxibustion combined with other therapies for all kinds of pain as well as organized medicine of pain in recent ten years are analyzed. It is found out that application of single acupuncture-moxibustion has positive effect on most of pain, while acupuncture-moxibustion combined with other therapies could improve the efficacy in a certain extent. The organized medical model of pain, by integration of clinical paths and optimization of medical methods, could achieve best effect on pain. With acupuncture-moxibustion joining in the organized medical model of pain, the analgesia effect could be enhanced, medical cost decreased and patient's life quality improved. The suitable disease, clinical path, action function and mechanism need further evidence-based research.

Research progression of the opportunity of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy for post-stroke dysphagia / 中国针灸

Through the collection of the literatures published in recent years on the opportunity of acupuncture therapy for post-stroke dysphagia, the therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion combined with the rehabilitation training is regardes as the optimal program in the paper. In this program, the timing of acupuncture intervention is a key factor to impact the efficacy on post-stroke dysphagia. It is vitally significant to grasp the intervention timing of acupuncture-moxibustion in the recovery of swallowing function as well as articulation function with dysphagia involved.

Primary optimization of acupuncture program for dysphagia after cerebral infarction / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize primarily acupuncture program for dysphagia after cerebral infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-three patients with pseudobulbar palsy dysphasia after cerebral infarction were selected as the subjects. Water swallow test was adopted for observation index. Orthogonal design was used to study the different combinations of treatment programs among four factors and three levels, named acupuncture opportunity (factor A: A1: 1-10 d, A2: 11-20 d, A3: 21-40 d), point combination (factor B: B1: points in the neck, B2: points in the neck + points in the glossopharyngeal part, B3: points in the neck + points in the glossopharyngeal part + differentiating point), needling depth (factor C: C1: shallow puncture, C2: moderate puncture, C3: deep puncture), and treatment session (factor D: D1: 2 sessions, D2: 4 sessions, D3: 6 sessions); as well as the influences on pseudobulbar palsy dysphagia after cerebral infarction so as to determine primarily the optimized acupuncture program for dysphagia after cerebral infarction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The direct analysis of orthogonal design indicated that the best level and the combination of four factors and three levels were A1 (or A2), B3, C3 and D3. It meant that for the patients less than 20 days for sickness, the points in the neck, points in the glossopharyngeal part and points selected according to syndrome differentiation were selected for deep puncture and the treatment lasted for 6 sessions. This program achieved the best improvement in water swallow test. The comparison between the primary effect and secondary effect among four factors (variance analysis) showed that factor A and C were the significant factors (P < 0.05), factor B and D were not significant (P > 0.05). It was suggested that acupuncture opportunity and needling depth played the significant roles in clinical efficacy. The comparison among different levels in terms of the significant factors A and C (multiple comparison) presented that A1 and A2 were superiorly significant than A3 (P < 0.001), A1 was not different in significance from A2 (P > 0.05). C3 was superiorly significant than C2 and C1 (P < 0.001, P < 0.01) and C2 was superiorly significant than C1 (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By the comprehensive summarization of direct analysis, variance analysis and multiple comparison combined with actual clinical situation, the optimal program of acupuncture treatment for pseudobulbar palsy dysphasia after cerebral infarction is that in terms of the four factors and three levels, for the patients within 1 to 20 days for sickness, acupuncture is applied to the points in the neck or combined with points in the glossopbaryngeal part or the points se-i lected according to syndrome differentiation, with deep puncture, for 4 to 6 sessions of treatment.</p>

Acupuncture analgesia and the direction, angle and depth of needle insertion / 中国针灸

Literatures on acupuncture analgesia of the recent 30 years are analyzed through the target pain syndromes, points and tools selected for needling as well as the chosen direction, angle and depth of insertion. The relationship between effect of acupuncture analgesia and needling direction, angle as well as depth is initially optimized to enhance the analgesic effect. The result shows that the 3 factors are the key influences. However, studies on the above mentioned relation are still far from enough. Aiming at enhancing the effect of acupuncture analgesia and exploring the relative mechanism, it is held that multivariate analysis should be adopted to do systematic analysis on relationship between effect and mechanism of acupuncture analgesia and direction, angle and depth of the needle insertion.

The comparison study on effects of water-soluble components of fine particulate matter on vasomotor functions in aortas from rats after exposure in different time / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the difference of vasomotor functions in aortas segments from Wistar rats between 1-hour and 6-hours after exposure of water-soluble components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 30 Wistar rats were assigned to five groups (n=6 for each group) at random: the blank control group, control group for 1-hour and 6-hours, exposure group for 1-hour and 6-hours. The rats were sacrificed 1-hour or 6-hours later and aorta ring segments were mounted on wire myographs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) There was no significant difference in vasomotor functions among three control groups (P>0.05). (2) 1-hour or 6-hours after exposure there was a decrease of contraction elicited by 60 mmol/L KCl in contrast to the control group (P<0.05), whereas no significant change between the exposure group for 1-hour and 6-hours (P>0.05). (3) On the level of 10(-5) or 10(-7) mol/L, 1-hour after exposure there was a decrease in endothelium-dependent acetylcholine (ACh) elicited relaxation precontracted by 10(-6) mol/L NE compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), on the level from 10(-5) to 10(-7) mol/L there was a decrease compared with the exposure group for 6-hours (P<0.05), whereas no difference between the exposure group for 6-hours and the control group (P>0.05). On the level from 10(-5) to 10(-9) mol/L, 1-hour after exposure there was a decrease in endothelium-independent sodium nitroprusside (SNP) elicited relaxation precontracted by 10(-6) mol/L NE as compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and a decrease on the level of 10(-6) or 10(-9) mol/L compared with the exposure group for 6-hours (P<0.05), 6-hours after exposure a decrease was caused as compared with the control group on the level from 10(-5) to 10(-7) mol/L (P<0.01 or P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Inhibition of contraction and impairment of relaxation in aortas should be caused 1-hour after exposure to water-soluble components of PM2.5 in the air, which is weaken 6-hours after exposure.</p>

Lipid signal in evaluation of intracranial meningiomas / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Using magnetic resonance imaging, diagnosis of malignant meningioma from benign meningioma with atypical features is uncertain. We evaluated the value of lipid signal in differentiating intracranial meningiomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) using a point resolved spectroscopy (TR/TE 1000/144 ms) sequences were performed on 34 patients on a 3.0 T scanner. Lipid peak located at 1.3 ppm was evaluated. MRS data from these tumours were compared with histopathological findings (including hematoxylin and eosin staining and KP-1 staining).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-nine meningiomas were histologically benign (eleven meningothelial, thirteen fibrous, four transitional and one microcystic), three were atypical, and two were anaplastic. Lipid signal was detected in ten cases: two anaplastic, three atypical, two fibrous and three meningothelial meningiomas. All voxels with lipid peak in the spectrum from the tumour were evaluated. With creatinine peak in the normal white matter chosen as internal standard, lipid/creatinine ratios of anaplastic, atypical and benign meningiomas were 0.844 +/- 0.027 (range from 0.725 to 0.994), 0.465 +/- 0.023 (range from 0.239 to 0.724), and 0.373 +/- 0.016 (range from 0.172 to 0.571) respectively. Highly significant differences were noted between anaplastic and the other two subtypes. Patchy necrosis was observed in anaplastic meningioma, while focal necrosis was noted in atypical meningioma with HE stain. However, no necrosis was found in benign group. KP-1 stain demonstrated histocytes containing lipids in the necrotic region of anaplastic and atypical meningioma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The lipid signal at 1.3 ppm is a useful marker in evaluating the malignancy of intracranial meningiomas, especially in the differential diagnosis of anaplastic meningioma.</p>

Effects of Different Dosage Form of Paracetamol on Its Percutaneous Absorption in Vitro / 中国药房

carbomer gel(387.93,353.71,220.75,120.93,114.76,and 84.02 ?g?cm-2?h-1,respectively),with liposome and microcapsule showing significantly better percutaneous absorption efficacy than micromulsion and other gels(P

Protective effect of hongjingtian on hippocampal area and dentate gyrus of complete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Hippocampal formation of brain, a cerebral area related with learning and memory, is closely related to spatial cognitive activity.Peroxidative stress following the onset of cerebral ischemia can induce DNA injury in hippocampal 'area and dentate gyrus, the fall of the ability of DNA plerosis and correspondingly a decline in the function of learning and memory.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hongjingtian on the expression of nucleic acid of hippocampal area and dentate gyrus, the learning and memory area of rats with complete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Central Laboratory of Armed Police Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was completed at the Central Laboratory of Armed Police Medical College from April 2002 to April 2004. Totally 60 Wistar male rats were selected and divided randomly into 5 groups Model group: Rats were perfused daily with distilled water of a volume the perfused daily with distilled water of a volume the same as that in medication group.METHODS: Rats in each group were perfused incessantly for 7 days.Modified Pulsinelli-4 vessel blocking method was used to reproduce the rat model of acute complete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Rats in sham-operation group were not treated with the operation of burning vertebral artery and clipping common carotid artery. The changes of DNA and RNA expressions in cerebral hippocampal area and dentate gyrus were observed with acridine orange staining method after model establishment.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of DNA and RNA in cerebral hippocampal area and dentate gyrus of rats in each group.RESULTS: All 60 rats entered the final analysis. DNA and RNA in shamoperation group distributed evenly, border of fluorescent reflex was legible and response intensity was strong. Border of DNA and RNA fluorescent reflex was illegible and response intensity was obviously weak in model ly, border of fluorescent reflex was legible and response intensity was group was not of obvious difference as compared with that in model group.CONCLUSION: The illegibility of DNA and RNA fluorescent response in operation group is related with the breakage of DNA chain induced by oxidative stress during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Border of DNA and RNA fluorescent reflex in hippocampal area and dentate gyrus is legihibit the breakage of DNA chain induced by oxidative stress and protect learning and memory function in hippocampal area and dentate gyrus of rats with complete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.