RESUMO
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: India has a high prevalence of HIV-1, hapatitis C and B virus (HCV and HBV) in the blood donors but has yet to implement nucleic acid testing (NAT) in blood screening. We undertook a multicentre evaluation of blood donor testing by NAT for simultaneous detection of HIV-1, HBV and HCV in a single tube and also to determine the feasibility of NAT implementation in India's low volume setting. METHODS: A total of 12,224 unlinked samples along with their serological results were obtained from representative eight blood banks in India and were individually manually tested by the Procleix Ultrio Assay (Chiron Corp. Emeryville, CA) for simultaneous detection of HIV-1, HCV, and HBV. RESULTS: Of the 12,224 samples tested, 209 (1.71%) were seroreactive. One hundred thirty three samples (1.09%) were reactive by Ultrio assay, 84 samples were seroreactive but NAT non reactive. There were eight NAT yield cases: 1 HIV, 1 HIV-HCV co-infection, and 6 HBV. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Our observed NAT yield for all three viruses was 1 in 1528 (0.065%). We estimate NAT could interdict 3272 infectious donations a year among our approximate 5 million annual donations.
Assuntos
Bancos de Sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , HIV-1/metabolismo , Hepacivirus/metabolismo , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Vírus da Hepatite B/metabolismo , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/normas , RNA Viral/análise , Testes Sorológicos/normasRESUMO
AIMS: To find out the status of DNA, RNA and protein in human uterine, ovarian, breast and rectal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective study, patients of age group between late thirties and late fifties suffering from uterine, ovarian, breast and rectal cancer were taken as subjects of the present study. The total number of cases studied for each cases was ten. Pieces of human carcinomatous tissues of above mentioned cases were taken along with surrounding normal tissues. From the tissue samples, putrescine is separated by the method of Herbst et al, DNA analysed by Diphenylamine method, RNA by Orcinol method and protein by Biuret method. RESULTS: Tissue content of putrescine rises simultaneously with that of DNA, RNA and protein in carcinomatous growths as above in comparison to their respective adjacent normal tissue, the differences being statistically highly significant. CONCLUSIONS: Increase in DNA, RNA and protein concentration may be a pre-requisite for increased synthesis of putrescine in carcinomatous tissue and thereby the concentration of other di- and poly-amines.
Assuntos
Adulto , Biópsia por Agulha , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Técnicas de Cultura , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Oncogênicas/análise , Neoplasias Ovarianas/química , Probabilidade , Estudos Prospectivos , Putrescina/análise , RNA Neoplásico/análise , Neoplasias Retais/química , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espectrofotometria , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias Uterinas/químicaAssuntos
Adrenalectomia , Azul Alciano/metabolismo , Animais , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
The levels of histamine and Diamine oxidase activity in renal tissue and serum were determined in lead acetate treated rats. The results show a significant lowering in the level of renal histamine with a rise in diamine oxidase activity in serum as well as in renal tissue.
Assuntos
Amina Oxidase (contendo Cobre)/sangue , Animais , Feminino , Histamina/metabolismo , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Chumbo/farmacologia , Masculino , Compostos Organometálicos , RatosRESUMO
Gastric tissue histamine concentration was determined 14 days after mock subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, mock bilateral adrenalectomy and bilateral adrenalectomy in four different groups of animals and the results were compared with those of control rats. The results show that neither of the experimental situations of mock subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and mock bilateral adrenalectomy could bring about any significant change in gastric tissue histamine concentration fourteen days after the respective operations, whereas, following bilateral adrenalectomy, the gastric tissue histamine concentration went up to two and half times the basal level during the same period thus indicating that by removal of adrenal influences there was an increase in synthesis and storage of histamine in the stomach wall.
Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/fisiologia , Adrenalectomia , Animais , Feminino , Histamina/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Estômago/metabolismo , Vagotomia , Nervo Vago/fisiologiaAssuntos
Animais , Feminino , Mucosa Gástrica/análise , Ligadura , Masculino , Reação do Ácido Periódico de Schiff , Polissacarídeos/análise , Piloro/cirurgia , Ratos , VagotomiaAssuntos
Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Placenta/metabolismo , Pré-Eclâmpsia/metabolismo , GravidezRESUMO
The present experiment was planned to assess the role of vagus and adrenals in gastric secretion in the pylorus ligated rats. Vagotomy significantly reduced the volume of gastric juice but the reduction following adrenalectomy was not significant. Both vagotomy and adrenalectomy significantly reduced the free acid, total acid and pepsin contents of the gastric secretion, the reduction being more pronounced following vagotomy.