Expert Consensus on Clinical Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine： Pulmonary Nodules / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In recent years， the incidence of pulmonary nodules has kept rising. To give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of pulmonary nodules and identify the breakthrough points of integrating TCM with Western medicine， the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized medical experts in TCM and western medicine to carry out in-depth discussion regarding this disease. The discussion encompassed the modern medical advances， TCM theories of etiology and pathogenesis， the role and advantages of TCM in the whole course management of pulmonary nodules， contents and methods of research on pulmonary nodules， and science popularization work， aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice and scientific research. After discussion， the experts concluded that the occurrence of pulmonary nodules was rooted in the deficiency of the lung and spleen and triggered by phlegm dampness， blood stasis， and Qi stagnation. TCM can treat pulmonary nodules by controlling and reducing nodules， improving physical constitution， ameliorating multi-system nodular diseases， reducing anxiety and avoiding excessive diagnosis and treatment， and serving as an alternative for patients who are unwilling or unfit for surgical treatment. At present， the optimal diagnosis and treatment strategy for pulmonary nodules has not been formed， which needs to be further studied from multiple perspectives such as clinical epidemiology， biology， and evidence-based medicine. The primary task of current research is to find out the advantages， effective prescriptions， and target populations and determine the effective outcomes of TCM in the treatment of pulmonary nodules. At the same time， basic research should be carried out to explore the etiology and biological behaviors of pulmonary nodules. The expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules with integrated TCM and Western medicine needs to be continuously revised to guide clinicians to conduct standardized， scientific， and accurate effective diagnosis and treatment.

Comparison of mouse models of Lewis lung carcinoma subcutaneously transplanted at different sites / 中国实验动物学报

Objective Subcutaneous transplantation Lewis lung carcinoma model is commonly used in experimental studies.Researchers often choose different transplantation sites to create the models while little attention was paid on the effect of different inoculation sites on the formation of transplanted tumors.The aim of this study was to compare the effect of tumor cell inoculation at different sites on tumor formation in mice.Methods Lewis lung adenocarcinoma (ll2-luc-m38) cells stably expressing luciferase protein were subcutaneously injected into C57 BL/6 mice at the right armpit, right groin, or footpad, respectively.An IVIS spectrum in vivo imaging system was used to observe the tumor and metastasis formation.The survival time and mortality were recorded.H-E stained pathology was performed to examine the histological changes of the lung tissues and tumor metastesis.Results The tumor formation time was earlier in the armpit and groin groups, both with a tumor formation rate of 100%, while the tumors occurred later, with a tumor formation rate of 33% in the footpad group.The pulmonary metastasis rate was 70% in the groin group, 50% in the ampit group, and 0% in the footpad group, at the 21st day after inoculation.The footpad group had a high mortality.The tumors in the groin group and armpit group can be surgically resected, with a postoperative survival rate of 100%.Conclusions In this mouse model of subcutaneously transplanted Lewis adenocarcinoma, the groin and ampit groups have advantages such as a high tumor formation rate, good tolerance of tumor resection, low surgical mortality rate, easy to monitor, simple operation and high reproducibility.The axillary group has an even higher metastasis rate.

Determination test of the leakage rate and over-expansion property of the expander / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To measure the leakage rate in the process of expansion in vivo and in normal saline and the over-expansion property of the expander.Methods We chose 17 cases that were treated with the skin expansion.We recorded total injected saline volume intentionally in these cases before the second surgery,and recorded the remainder of the volume of saline postoperatively.We injected normal saline into 8 expanders,respectively,exceeding 50％ of the volume-rating;and subsequently put these expanders into plastic bucket filled with saline.30 days after,we measured the remaining volume of the normal saline.We injected 100 ml normal saline into 4 expanders,respectively,of which nominal volume was 100 ml,and then left these expanders in saline and measured the remainder volume of the saline 30 days later.In the second time,we injected 150 ml and repeated the abovementioned process.It was repeated 7 times until the injection volume reached 400 ml.We processed the data and depicted a curve of effective expansion.Results The results showed that the leakage rate reached (29.0+12.5) ％ in vivo.Experiments in vitro confirmed that 85.0％ (8.0/9.4) of the saline leaked through the injection port and 14.8％ (1.4/9.4) leaked through the membrane of the expander.In addition,over-expansion performance index test confirmed that the over-expansion property of an expander was about twice the nominal volume.Conclusions The expander is not completely sealed structure.Normal saline can leak through the injection part and the membrane of the expander.The over-expansion property of an expander is limited.When the volume injected into the expander exceeds a certain value,the effective expansion performance is not increased with it.

Fucoidan by inhibiting cathepsin D activities alleviates PC12 apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide / 中国中药杂志

Cathepisn D plays a key role in early process of apoptosis before mitochondrion damage and caspases activations, and also involves in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been suggested to inhibit the progress of apoptosis. Fucoidan, a nature GAGs mimetic, is shown as a potential candidate for neuroregressive disease. Here we reported PC12 cells response to oxidative stress with clear cathepsin D release, followed by caspase-3 activation. We found that fucoidan treatment can alleviate cathepsin D and caspase-3 activation, and improve cell survival. Furthermore, for the first time, fucoidan was shown to directly inhibit human liver cathepsin D by a dose-dependent way. These results support that cathepsin D involves in early apoptosis, suggest that fucoidan can decrease apoptosis at lysosome-cathepsin D level, which opens a new therapeutic approach to AD.

Effects of Wuji pill compound with different compatibility on cytochrome P450 CYP3A1/3A2 in rat liver microsomes in vitro / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Wuji pill is a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and was composed of Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae and Radix Paeoniae Alba. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of Wuji pill compound with different compatibility on the levels of enzymic activity of cytochrome P450 CYP3A1/3A2 in rat liver microsomes in vitro, and to confirm the compatibility mechanism of Wuji pill from the point of relationships between compound prescription of TCM and metabolism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>With testosterone being a probe, the levels of enzymic activity of CYP3A1/3A2 were detected by HPLC, which were suppressed by Wuji pill with different compatibility in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The IC50 of Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae, Radix Paeoniae Alba and 1"-9" of different level Wuji pill is: 38.96, 871.96, 15 519.17, 43.17, 60. 47, 276.12, 133.40, 118.08, 88. 47, 64. 36, 35. 13 and 39. 91 mg x L -', respectively. Rhizoma Coptidis and 1-9" of Wuji pill can suppress the enzymic activity of CYP3A1/3A2 significantly, and the capability of Rhizoma Coptidis in Wuji pill of action on CYP3A1/3A2 can be modified by different composition of Fructus Evodiae Rutaecarpae and Radix Paeoniae in Wuji pill, and there are statistical differences among the IC50 of 1#-9# of Wuji pill. While the ratio of Rhizoma Coptidis raises up in Wuji pill, Wuji pill may suppress the enzymic activity of CYP1A2 largely.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The reason why Wuji pill with different compatibility has different pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics characteristics is likely to lie in the difference of the capability of Wuji pill with different compatibility on CYP3A1/3A2. [Key words] Wuji pill; CYP3A1/3A2; testosterone; HPLC; different compatibility prescription of traditional Chinese medi-cine</p>

Signal transduction pathways of GAG in lysosome which inhibits apoptosis induced by oxidative stress / 基础医学与临床

Glycosaminoglycan(GAG) has recently become an important landscape of discovering new mechanisms of apoptosis stressed by oxidative stress.In this review,we focused the signal transduction passways of GAG in lysosome which can inhibit apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.