Role of USG and CT scan in evaluating ovarian lesions

Introduction: Ultrasound helps by detecting lesions, give idea about its internal structure and also give opportunity to evaluate other abdominal organs. However evaluation by CT scan can give additional information, which can modify the course of treatment and prognosis of patient. Materials and methods: Study comprise of 84 patients who were evaluated with ultrasonography and CT scan of abdomen and pelvis. Ovarian pathologies were categorized with benign, malignant and metastasis and compared with histopathological diagnosis or conservative treatment follow up. Results: 84 patients were evaluated; CT scan and sonography are excellent noninvasive modality to differentiate ovarian masses from benign and malignant lesions and both imaging techniques seem to be comparable in differentiation of malignant from benign ovarian tumors. CT scan was more sensitive than ultrasonography, but sonography is more specific than CT scan in diagnosis of malignant lesions. Ultrasonography has high positive predictive value as compare to CT scan to diagnose malignant lesions. Conclusion: Ultrasound by virtue of non-invasiveness, lack of radiation hazard and by ability to demonstrate structural changes in organ is investigation of choice in ovarian pathology and it can easily detect solid to cystic lesions and characterize the size, shape and extent of lesion. Computerized Tomography is particularly useful to know the enhancement pattern of the lesion, density and extent and staging of malignancies.

Radiological evaluation of avascular necrosis at various sites.

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is defined as cellular death of bone components due to interruption of the blood supply. Aim and objectives: To study the appearances of avascular necrosis at different sites using radiological modalities like: X-ray, MRI to diagnosis and evaluate AVN in order to do early management of the condition. Materials and methods: 86 cases of either strong suspicion or symptoms related to avascular necrosis at various sites were evaluated who came to Dhiraj Hospital with different radiological modalities like X-ray, MRI. Results: Out of total number of 86 patients who were diagnosed and evaluated for avascular necrosis at different sites on X-ray, MRI along with its association with trauma, steroids and alcohol; most common sites being femoral head, humoral head, lunate, tibial tubercle, scaphoid. Conclusion: Femoral head was the most common site affected with avascular necrosis with trauma being the most common risk factor. The sensitivity of detection of collapse of the involved bone and joint space narrowing was same for MRI and plain radiography. This findings were correlated for precollapse and post collapse state for avascular necrosis by MRI and X-ray