RESUMO
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the potential toxicologic effects of the methanol root extract of Cissampelos mucronata (A. Rich) on liver and kidney tissues. Methodology: A total of 30 rats were used for the study consisting of 5 female rats for the acute toxicity study and 25 rats for the 28 day repeated toxicity studies, the 25 rats were divided into five groups of 5 rats per group. Group I served as the control, while rats in groups II-IV where administered 100, 200 and 300 mgkg-1 body weight of the extract respectively for 28 days. Rats in group V were administered 300 mgkg-1 of the extract for 28 days and allowed to stay for 14 days post treatment. At the end of the experimental period the rats were sacrificed, kidney and liver weight taken and fixed for routine histological examinations while blood was obtained for biochemical analysis. Results: Acute toxicity studies revealed an LD50 of >2000mgkg-1 following oral administration of the extract while 28 days administration of 100, 200 and 300mgkg-1 of the extract caused a significant decrease in body weight (p<0.01) and significant increases in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin(P<0.05-0.001). Histopathological assessment of the liver and kidney tissues revealed moderate lymphocytic infiltration and thrombus formation within the central veins in the liver, moderate epithelial sloughing of the proximal convulated tubules in renal tissues with no remarkable recovery following withdrawal of the extract. Conclusion: This study suggests that prolonged and constant use of the extract is both hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic.
RESUMO
Anthropometric measurements, such as craniofacial forms especially in the first days after birth are important for the assessment of neonatal health status and results obtained from such measurements are used in pediatrics, orofacial surgery and diagnostic comprehension between patient and normal populations. There is no published literature about the types of head and face shapes in the Kanuri and Babur/Bura newborns of Maiduguri metropolis. Henee, this study was undertaken to document the various craniofacial forms of newborns of Maiduguri metropolis. Head length, head width, head circumference, face length, face width, prosopic and cephalic indices were measured in 120 newborns of the Maiduguri metropolis. The mean cephalic index in Kanuri male and female newborns were 70.03 percent and 77.15 percent respectively while that of the Babur/Bura males and females newborns were 73.60 percent and 77.23 percent, respectively. The mean prosopic index in Kanuri male and female newborns were 83.77 percent and 82.84 percent, respectively, while that of the Babur/Bura males and females newborns were 80.74 percent and 81.03 percent, respectively. On comparison with existing literature the Kanuri males and females are dolicocephalic, Babur/Bura males and females are mesocephalic, while both the Kanuri and Babur/Bura newborns have the hypereuryprosopic type of face shape thus the data obtained from this study can be used as local standards for diagnostic and anthropometric evaluation.
Las medidas antropométricas, tales como las formas craneofaciales especialmente en los primeros días después del nacimiento, son importantes para la evaluación del estado de salud neonatal y los resultados obtenidos a partir de estas mediciones se utilizan en pediatría, cirugía orofacial y la comprensión diagnóstica entre el paciente y la población normal. No hay literatura publicada sobre los tipos de formas de cabeza y rostro en los los Kanuri y Babur/Bura recién nacidos de Maiduguri. Este estudio se llevó a cabo para documentar las diversas formas craneofaciales de los recién nacidos de Maiduguri. Fueron medidos la longitud, ancho y circunferencia de la cabeza, altura facial, ancho de la cara, índice prosopo y cefálico en 120 recién nacidos de Maiduguri. La media del índice cefálico en hombres y mujeres Kanuri recién nacidos fueron 70,03 por ciento y 77,15 por ciento, respectivamente; mientras que la de hombres y mujeres Babur / Bura recién nacidos fueron de 73,60 por ciento y 77,23 por ciento respectivamente. La media del índice prosop en hombres y mujeres kanuri recién nacidos fueron 83,77 por ciento y 82,84 por ciento, respectivamente, mientras que la de la hombres y mujeres Babur / Bura recién nacidos fueron 80,74 por ciento y 81,03 por ciento, respectivamente. En comparación con la literatura existente, los hombres y mujeres Kanuri son dolicocéfalos, hombres y mujeres Babur / Bura son mesocéfalos, mientras que los hombres y mujeres Kanuri y Babur / Bura recién nacidos tienen tienen la cara hipereuriprosopo. Los datos obtenidos de este estudio pueden ser utilizados como las normas locales para el diagnóstico y evaluación antropométrica.