Eventos estresantes, espiritualidad y consumo de alcohol en participantes del programa de 12 pasos de AA / Stressful events, spirituality, and alcohol consumption in participants of the 12-Step AA Program

Resumen El objetivo es determinar la asociación entre los eventos estresantes, la espiritualidad, la participación en el programa y el consumo de alcohol en participantes del programa de 12 pasos de AA. Método descriptivo correlacional y predictivo. La población fueron integrantes de AA, México. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple por conglomerados, la muestra estuvo conformada por 72 participantes de AA con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Se utilizó la Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual y la Escala de Clasificación de Reajuste Social. Los eventos estresantes se relacionan de manera negativa y significativa con el consumo de alcohol (rs = -.316, p = .007), esto indica que mayor índice de eventos estresantes menor es la cantidad de días sin consumo de alcohol, la participación en el programa se relaciona positiva y significativamente con el consumo de alcohol (rs = .776, p = .001), esto señala que mayor años de participación mayor es la cantidad de días sin consumo de alcohol, la espiritualidad no mostró relación significativa (p > .05), además existe efecto significativo de la participación en el programa y la edad sobre el consumo de alcohol (R2 = 65.2%, p = .001). La participación en el programa de AA se relaciona y tiene efecto sobre a cantidad de días sin consumo de alcohol.

Abstract This work sought to determine the association between stressful events, spirituality, program participation and alcohol consumption in participants of the AA 12-step program. The study used a descriptive correlation and predictive method. The population was comprised by members from AA, Mexico. A simple random sampling by clusters was performed, the sample consisted of 72 AA participants with 95% CI. The Spiritual Perspective Scale and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale were used. Stressful events are negatively and significantly related to alcohol consumption (rs = −0.316, p = 0.007), this indicates that the higher the number of stressors, the lower the number of days without alcohol consumption; participation in the program was positively and significantly related to alcohol consumption (rs = 0.776, p = 0.001), which indicates that greater years of participation means greater number of days without alcohol consumption. Spirituality showed no significant relationship (p > 0.05), there is also a significant effect of participation in the program and age on alcohol consumption (R2 = 65.2%, p = 0.001). Participation in the AA program is related to and has an effect on the number of days without alcohol consumption.

Modos de implementación de intervenciones breves para reducir el consumo de alcohol en trabajadores / Modes of implementation of brief interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in workers / Modos de implementação de intervenções breves para reduzir o consumo de álcool em trabalhadores

Objetivo: identificar a través de una revisión sistemática las características de implementación efectivas de las intervenciones breves para reducir el consumo de alcohol en trabajadores. Método: the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015, fueron utilizados como guía. Se incluyeron intervenciones breves (IB) orientadas a disminuir el consumo de alcohol en trabajadores, modalidad presencial o en línea, ensayo clínico controlado. Se realizó la búsqueda en PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, OVID, Wiley Online Library y Academic Search Complete. Resultados: la muestra final consistió en 10 estudios; las IB mostraron ser efectivas para reducir el consumo de alcohol, intervenciones con sesiones de mayor duración mostraron un efecto moderado sobre el consumo. Tanto las IB modalidad presencial, como en línea fueron efectivas para reducir el consumo de alcohol; las IB que brindaron seguimiento de uno a tres meses mostraron diferencias significativas entre aquellos que recibieron la intervención y los controles, mientras que en las intervenciones con seguimiento de seis meses y un año no se observaron dichas diferencias. Conclusión: a pesar de que no existe consenso de las características de implementación de las IB, la cantidad, la frecuencia y el tiempo de seguimiento son elementos que se deben considerar al diseñarlas.

Objective: to identify through a systematic review the characteristics of effective implementation of brief interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in workers. Method: the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 were used as a guide. Brief Interventions (BI) aimed at reducing alcohol consumption in workers, face-to-face or online, controlled clinical trials were included. Search was done in PubMed / MEDLINE, Science Direct, OVID, Wiley Online Library and Academic Search Complete. Results: the final sample consisted of 10 studies; the BI showed to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption, interventions with longer sessions showed a moderate effect on consumption. Both the face to face and online mode BI were effective in reducing alcohol consumption; the BI that provided follow-up of one to three months showed significant differences between those who received the intervention and the controls, whereas in the interventions with follow-up of six months and one year, no such differences were observed. Conclusion: although there is no consensus on the characteristics of the implementation of BI, the quantity, frequency and time of follow-up are elements that should be considered when designing them.

Objetivo: identificar através de uma revisão sistemática as características da implementação efetiva de intervenções breves para reduzir o consumo de álcool em trabalhadores. Método: o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 foram utilizados como guia. Foram incluídas Intervenções breves (IB) destinadas a reduzir o consumo de álcool nos trabalhadores, presencial ou on-line, ensaios clínicos controlados. A pesquisa foi feita em PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, OVID, Wiley Online Library e Academic Search Complete. Resultados: a amostra final consistiu em 10 estudos; os IB mostraram ser efetivas na redução do consumo de álcool, as intervenções com sessões mais longas mostraram um efeito moderado no consumo. Tanto as intervenções presenciais quanto as on-line foram eficazes na redução do consumo de álcool; as intervenções que ofereceram seguimento de um a três meses mostraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos intervenção e os controles, enquanto as intervenções com acompanhamento de seis meses e um ano não observaram tais diferenças. Conclusão: embora não haja consenso sobre as características da implementação às IB, a quantidade, a frequência e o tempo de seguimento são elementos que devem ser considerados ao elaborá-los.