Intervención educativa a familiares sobre contención física en enfermos neurológicos, neuroquirúrgicos y neuropsiquiátricos / family educational intervention on physical restraint in neurological patients, neurosurgical and neuropsychiatric

Introduction: Physical restraint is the treatment of last resort to ensure patient safety. The patient usually has neurological conditions boxes psychomotor agitation, neuronal damage, I tremens caused by drugs, anesthesia or surgical trauma and acute episodes of schizophrenia, psychosis or other psychiatric conditions. Patient safety is at risk because the probes can be removed, self-harm, fall and other situations, so it is necessary to apply physical restraint for their safety. The interaction with the family is very important if the family is adequately informed, because it can notify the nurse about the risks to which is exposed the person subject because of physical restraint. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge acquired on physical restraint by relatives of patients neurological, neurosurgical and neuropsychiatric through educational intervention nurse. Methodology: This is a quantitative, analytical, exploratory, prospective and cross-sectional study; the sample is a convenience and an instrument with 20 dichotomous reagents used. Results: 40 questionnaires were collected. The age ranges from 18 to 82 years; There were more often female and greater affluence in the Neurology; patients receiving visits from their children more often and secondary schooling prevailed among visitors; 67.5% of people were informed about physical restraint, but only 17.5% received reports of a nurse. In 50% of people are watching that patients probes or catheters are not jalen and 47% raises guardrails to retire; 52.5% in nurse aid was requested. Conclusions: It is necessary to implement educational intervention strategies according to the schooling of the rightholder, regardless of gender training to allow the family to ensure patient safety and reduce the frequency of adverse events

Evaluación de los efectos antinociceptivos en la coadministración de tramadol con diclofenaco vía intraperitoneal en ratones / Evaluation of the antinociceptive effects of tramadol in co-administration with diclofenac intraperitoneally in mice

La combinación de dos fármacos analgésicos de la misma o diferente clase es muy utilizada en la terapéutica clínica con el fin de potenciar sus efectos y reducir las secuelas. Para determinar los posibles efectos sinérgicos antinociceptivos de la interacción de diclofenaco i.p., un AINE (antiinflamatorio no esteroideo), y tramadol i.p., un opioide atípico, fueron administrados por separado y en combinación utilizando el modelo de inmersión de cola en agua caliente. Se administró diclofenaco sólo a ratones hembra (DE50 8.1 mg/kg) tramadol solo (10, 17.8, 31.6, 56.2, 100 mg/kg), así como la coadministración de ambas DE50. Para la interpretación de datos se utilizó una t de Student en la cual se comparó la suma teórica contra el efecto real de la coadministración. Como resultado del experimento, se obtuvo una potenciación significativa del efecto antinociceptivo de la coadministración en comparación a la administración individual de ambos fármacos y de la adición teórica de éstos. El sinergismo de los efectos antinociceptivos de tramadol y diclofenaco es importante y sugiere que la combinación de estos fármacos puede tener una utilidad clínica en la terapia del dolor