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1.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 50(2): 178-188, jun. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-977233

RESUMO

Una alternativa para el manejo sustentable en el cultivo de Capsicum annuum L. se ha enfocado en el uso de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (BPCV) y hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA). Esta investigación seleccionó BPCV y HMA sobre la base de su efecto en plantas de chile Bell Pepper y jalapeño. Se utilizaron 5 cepas bacterianas aisladas de diferentes localidades del estado de México (P61 [Pseudomonas tolaasii], A46 [P. tolaasii], R44 [Bacillus pumilus], BSP1.1 [Paenibacillus sp.] y OLs-Sf5 [Pseudomonas sp.]) y 3 tratamientos con HMA (H1 [consorcio aislado de la rizosfera de chile en el estado de Puebla], H2 [Rhizophagus intraradices]y H3 [consorcio aislado de la rizosfera de limón del estado de Tabasco]). Además, se incluyó un tratamiento fertilizado (solución Steiner 25%) y un testigo absoluto. Plántulas de chile jalapeño «Caloro¼ y pimiento Bell Pepper «California Wonder¼ fueron inoculadas con HMA en el momento de la siembra y con BPCV 15 días después de emerger, y crecidas bajo condiciones de cámara de ambiente controlado. En chile jalapenño, la mejor cepa bacteriana fue P61 y el mejor tratamiento de HMA fue el H1; en Bell Pepper la mejor cepa fue R44 y los mejores HMA fueron el H3 y el H1. Estos microorganismos incrementaron el crecimiento de plántulas de chile jalapenño y Bell Pepper en comparación con el testigo sin fertilizar. Asimismo, P61 y R44 beneficiaron positivamente la capacidad fotosintética del PSII.


Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a biological alternative for the sustainable management of Capsicum annuum L. This research work evaluated the effects of both PGPR and AMF on bell pepper and jalapeno pepper plants. Five bacterial strains isolated from several locations in Estado de Mexico were used: [P61 (Pseudomonas tolaasii), A46 (P. tolaasii), R44 (Bacillus pumilus), BSP1.1 (Paenibacillus sp.), and OLs-Sf5 (Pseudomonas sp.)], and three treatments with AMF [H1 (consortium isolated from pepper crops in the State of Puebla), H2 (Rhizophagus intraradices), and H3 (consortium isolated from the rhizosphere of lemon trees, State of Tabasco)]. In addition, a fertilized treatment (Steiner nutrient solution at 25%) and an unfertilized control were included. Seedlings of "Caloro" jalapeno pepper and "California Wonder" bell pepper were inoculated with AMF at seed sowing, and PGPR were inoculated after 15 days of seedling emergence; seedlings were grown under plant growth chamber conditions. P61 bacterium and H1 AMF consortia were the most effective microorganisms for jalapeno pepper whereas R44 bacterium and AMF H3 and H1 were the most effective for bell peppers, when compared to the unfertilized control. Furthermore, P61 and R44 bacteria showed beneficial effects on PSII efficiency.


Assuntos
Capsicum , Micorrizas , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II , Capsicum/fisiologia , Capsicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas , Plântula , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/fisiologia , México
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 46(3): 707-713, July-Sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-755820

RESUMO

In an effort to develop alternate techniques to recover metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), this research evaluated the bioleaching efficiency of gold (Au), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) by two strains of Aspergillus niger in the presence of gold-plated finger integrated circuits found in computer motherboards (GFICMs) and cellular phone printed circuit boards (PCBs). These three metals were analyzed for their commercial value and their diverse applications in the industry. Au-bioleaching ranged from 42 to 1% for Aspergillus niger strain MXPE6; with the combination of Aspergillus niger MXPE6 + Aspergillus niger MX7, the Au-bioleaching was 87 and 28% for PCBs and GFICMs, respectively. In contrast, the bioleaching of Cu by Aspergillus niger MXPE6 was 24 and 5%; using the combination of both strains, the values were 0.2 and 29% for PCBs and GFICMs, respectively. Fungal Ni-leaching was only found for PCBs, but with no significant differences among treatments. Improvement of the metal recovery efficiency by means of fungal metabolism is also discussed.

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Assuntos
Aspergillus niger/metabolismo , Telefone Celular , Computadores , Cobre/metabolismo , Resíduo Eletrônico , Ouro/metabolismo , Níquel/metabolismo , Bifenilos Policlorados/metabolismo , Aspergillus niger/enzimologia , Aspergillus niger/isolamento & purificação , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Gerenciamento de Resíduos/métodos
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(3): 1039-1052, sep. 2013. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-688458

RESUMO

Phytoremediation is an ecologically sound biotechnology directed to cleaning up contaminated soils. The study of tree species to treat petroleum contaminated soils is scarce; moreover, the combination of phytoremediation with bioaugmentation and biostimulation processes is also limited. Thus, this work evaluated the effects of the inoculation of Glomus intraradices, a bacterial consortium (M2BOS1-R2 and M2BOSI-F4) and Trichoderma viride, on the growth of Casuarina equisetifolia, fertilized with Floranid® or Triple 17, when sown in a diesel-contaminated soil (7 500mg/kg). The factorial experiment 2x5x3 included 30 treatments with 10 replicates in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions for 120 days. Diesel significantly diminished plant height, total biomass, and plant index quality (PIQ). Glomus or bacterial consortium significantly increased plant height, total biomass and PIQ when compared to the inoculation of the three microorganisms or to the control. Floranid had negative effects on plant growth and PIQ at diesel contamination. Fertilization with Triple 17 combined with the three microorganisms stimulated plant growth in the absence of diesel, whereas in the presence of this contaminant the treatments combining Triple 17 with the bacterial consortium or with Trichoderma had better plant growth and PIQ. Mycorrhizal colonization was inhibited due to diesel contamination, and especially when Floranid was applied. The fertilizer Triple 17 (biostimulation) combined with the beneficial microorganisms (bioaugmentation) improved growth responses of C. equisetifolia in diesel-contaminated soil.


La fitorremediación es una biotecnología ecológicamente racional que está dirigida a la limpieza de suelos contaminados; sin embargo, el estudio de especies arbóreas para la fitorremediación de suelos con hidrocarburos del petróleo es limitado. Más aún, la combinación de la fitorremediación con procesos de bioaumentación y bioestimulación es también limitada. Por lo anterior, este estudio evaluó el efecto de la inoculación de Glomus intraradices, un consorcio bacteriano (M2BOS1-R2 y M2BOSI-F4) y Trichoderma viride en el crecimiento de plantas de Casuarina equisetifolia L. fertilizadas con Floranid® o Triple 17, en suelo contaminado con diésel (7 500mg/kg). El experimento factorial 2x5x3 incluyó 30 tratamientos y 10 repeticiones, distribuidos completamente al azar en invernadero, durante 120 días. El diésel disminuyó significativamente la altura, la biomasa total y el índice de calidad (ICP) de planta. Glomus o las bacterias aumentaron significativamente la altura, la biomasa seca total y el ICP con respecto al tratamiento sin inocular o con la triple inoculación. El Floranid redujo el crecimiento vegetal y el ICP, en presencia de diésel. El Triple 17 combinado con los tres microorganismos produjo mayor crecimiento vegetal en ausencia de contaminación, pero en presencia de diésel, el Triple 17 combinado con bacterias o con Trichoderma, estimuló la biomasa seca total y el ICP. La colonización micorrízica fue inhibida por el diesel, especialmente con la fertilización del Floranid. El Triple 17 (bioestimulación) combinado con los microorganismos (bioaumentación), favoreció el crecimiento de Casuarina en suelo contaminado con diésel.


Assuntos
Magnoliopsida/metabolismo , Biotecnologia/métodos , Descontaminação/métodos , Petróleo/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Magnoliopsida/classificação , Biodegradação Ambiental , Fertilizantes
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