Reinserção escolar e leucemia: tradução e adaptação do questionário comportamental Deasy-Spinetta / School Reintegration and Leukemia: Translation and Adaptation of Deasy-Spinetta's Behavioral Questionnaire / Reintegración Escolar y Leucemia: Traducción y Adaptación del Cuestionario de Comportamiento Deasy-Spinetta

O Questionário Comportamental Deasy-Spinetta (DSBQ) proporciona importante contribuição ao acompanhamento da reinserção escolar de crianças com câncer, notadamente àquelas diagnosticadas com Leucemia Linfoide Aguda (LLA), principal grupo de sobreviventes na oncologia pediátrica. O DSBQ investiga aspectos emocionais, de aprendizagem e socialização distribuídos em 38 questões. O presente estudo realizou a tradução e adaptação transcultural do DSBQ para o português brasileiro a partir de seis etapas: solicitação da autorização dos autores para a submissão do instrumento ao procedimento de tradução e adaptação transcultural; tradução e tradução reversa (back translation); comparação da tradução reversa com a versão inicial; julgamento de juízes quanto a necessidade de revisão dos itens e∕ou necessidade de adequações semânticas, e; administração da versão brasileira em 20 professores para avaliação da inteligibilidade dos itens. Os docentes avaliaram a versão final do instrumento traduzido e adaptado como adequado e compreensível, observado no acordo um valor bruto consensual de 81%. A concordância verificada com auxílio do Kappa de Fleiss foi de 0,6882 (±0.0247), indicando concordância substancial. O desenvolvimento, tradução e adaptação de instrumentos voltados à compreensão das alterações que repercutem no contexto escolar de crianças com LLA são essenciais dado a escassez de tais ferramentas, os frequentes relatos de dificuldades escolares e a necessidade de caracterização dos efeitos transitórios e tardios associados ao adoecimento e ao tratamento do câncer infantil que afetam o desenvolvimento escolar e a qualidade de vida desse subgrupo clínico.

The Deasy-Spinetta Behavior Questionnaire (DSBQ) offers an important contribution to the monitoring of school reintegration of children with cancer, especially those diagnosed with Acute Limphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), which account for the main survivors group in pediatric oncology. DSBQ investigates emotional, learning and socialization dimensions through 38 questions. The present study carried out the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the DSBQ to Brazilian Portuguese on the basis of six steps: approval request of DSBQ authors for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument; translation and reverse translation (or back translation); comparison of reverse translation with the original French version; assessment of a specialist committee regarding the need of items review and/or semantic adjustment; the submission of 20 teachers to Brazilian version in order to evaluate the intelligibility of items. Teachers considered the final version of the translated and adapted instrument as appropriate and intelligible, since a final consensus gross value of 81% was verified. The degree of agreement between raters was 0.6882 (±0.0247), which indicates a substantial agreement according to Fleiss' Kappa measure. The development, translation and adaptation of foreign instruments tailored to the comprehension of impairments that impact educational context of children with ALL is crucial, given the lack of such assessment tools, the frequent report of learning disabilities among these children and the need to characterize the transient and late effects associated to illness and to the treatment of childhood cancer, which affect scholar development and quality of life of this clinical subgroup.

El Cuestionario Conductual Deasy-Spinetta (DSBQ) presenta una importante contribución contribuye al acompañamiento de la reintegración escolar de niños con cáncer, especialmente aquellas diagnosticadas con Leucemia Linfoide Aguda (LLA), el principal grupo de supervivientes de la oncología pediátrica. El DSBQ investiga aspectos emocionales, de aprendizaje y socialización distribuidos en 38 cuestiones. El presente estudio realizó la adaptación transcultural del DSBQ para el portugués brasileño a partir de seis etapas: solicitación de autorización de los autores para la sumisión del instrumento a los procedimientos de adaptación transcultural; traducción de la versión francesa del instrumento para el portugués brasileño; traducción reversa (back translation) del portugués brasileño para la lengua francesa; comparación de la traducción reversa con la versión inicial; evaluación de jueces en cuanto la necesidad de revisión de los ítems y/o adecuaciones semánticas y; administración de la versión brasileña con 20 profesores para evaluar la inteligibilidad de los ítems. Los profesores evaluaron la versión final del instrumento adaptado como adecuado y comprensible, y fue observado en el acuerdo un valor bruto consensual de 81%. La concordancia verificada con auxilio del Kappa de Fleiss fue de 0,6882 (±0.0247), indicando concordancia substancial. El desarrollo y la adaptación de instrumentos diseñados para la comprensión de las alteraciones que repercuten en el contexto escolar de niños con LLA es esencial dada la escasez de tales herramientas, los relatos de dificultades escolares y la necesidad de caracterización de los efectos asociados a la enfermedad y al tratamiento del cáncer infantil que afectan la calidad de vida de este subgrupo clínico.

Neuropsychological profile of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The present study investigated cognitive function in children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The subjects were 20 children between the ages of 6 and 12 years of both genders who were diagnosed with ALL and underwent exclusively triple intrathecal prophylactic chemotherapy of the central nervous system. The protocol used for the neuropsychological assessment included the following cognitive aspects: intellectual performance, attention, memory and executive function. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the Mann-Whitney U test and Student t-test. The effects of gender, age at diagnosis, and time since the initiation of treatment on the children's performance were determined. The evaluation of intellectual performance revealed reduced scores in the group of children who were female and younger than 5 years of age at diagnosis, especially difficulty with verbal skills and working memory. With regard to attention systems, the different groups presented expected performance for their age. We observed lower scores in the different groups in executive function, aspects of the development of problem-solving strategies, self-regulation, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. Better performance was observed for episodic memory and semantic memory (immediate and recognition), but lower scores were found for learning and recall after interference. In conclusion, the present findings are both consistent and discordant with the literature in the field that alludes to the impact of chemotherapy on the maturation of the central nervous system.