The relationship between MMP-2 rs243865, MMP-9 rs398242 and CXCL-12 rs1801157 gene polymorphisms with Japanese encephalitis disease and disease outcome in North Indian population

Background & objectives: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the most important causes of acute and uncontrolled inflammatory disease in Asia. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and chemokines play a detrimental role in the host response to JE disease, aetiology, and disease outcome. Evidently, MMPs are widely circulated in the brain and regulate various process including microglial activation, inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption as well as affects central nervous system (CNS). The present study was to assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of MMP-2, MMP-9 and chemokine (CXCL-12/SDF1-3’) in the north Indian population. Methods: We performed case-control study comprising of 125 patients and 125 healthy controls in north Indian population. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and gene polymorphism have been determined by PCR-RFLP method. Results: MMP-2, MMP-9 and CXCL-12 gene was not significantly associated with JE disease, but homozygous (T/T) genotype of MMP-2 was statically associated with disease outcome (p=0.05, OR=0.110). A/G and G/G genotype of CXCL-12 was significantly associated with severity of disease. (p=0.032, OR=5.500, p=0.037, OR= 9.167). The serum level of MMP-2 was observed significantly increased in JE patients with homozygous (T/T) genotype whereas increased MMP-9 level was associated with heterozygous genotype. Interpretation & conclusion: MMP-2, MMP-9 and CXCL-12 gene polymorphism were not associated with JE susceptibility, but MMP-2 may be contributed to disease protection. CXCL-12 was associated with disease severity. In our concern this is the first report from northern India.

All Gene Expression of Leukotriene A4 Hydroxylase (LTA4H ) Gene in Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients and Healthy Control in North Indian Population

Initial diagnosis and timely treatment of Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) continues to be a challenge in all over World as well as India. First time, this analysis will discover the role of LTA4H gene and may be establishing another candidate that impacts the sensitivity to EPTB in the population of North India. This study will be the first report on LTA4H gene various diagnostic markers, expression of gene may validate as a prognostic factor in (EPTB). The diagnosis (EPTB) poses a special challenge, as it is often missed or misdiagnosed due to its atypical presentations and difficult to isolate M tuberculosis (MTB) due to the small number of organisms present at these sites. Subsequently the outcome of present study will reinforce possible use of LTA4H as biomarkers and the therapeutic utility for (EPTB). This study will be a step to decrease the analytical and therapeutic window to identify another risk factor LTA4H for EPTB. Leukotriene A4 hydroxylase (LTA4H), an enzyme which changes LTA 4 to LTB4, controls the balance amongst the anti-inflammatory lipoxins and pro-inflammatory LTB4, with directly consequences in TB-driven inflammation. In humans and will spawn new ways to protection and enhance the wellbeing status of individuals and population groups. On RT-PCR, Extra Pulmonary Patients had lower expression of LTA4H compared to the controls. Correlation of biomarkers will reveal LTA4H level correlated with age, Gender Smoking, Clinical Parameter Serum Total Protein, BMI Height and TLC, Laboratory Parameter. On ELISA kit and follow as per manufacturer protocol. CEA562Ge 96 Tests Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit For Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) LTB4 Protein level in Extra Pulmonary Patients, (EPTB) (2304.52pg/ml) had lower expression of gene LTB4 compared to the controls (3096.142pg/mls) (P value = 0.0012).

Non-Invasive Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Pre and Postmenopausal Women of Vadodara: A Pilot Study.

Non-communicable diseases have emerged as a predominant cause of deaths for women worldwide. Earlier post-menopausal women were thought to be at higher risk for chronic degenerative diseases, as protective effect of oestrogen is lost after menopause. Whereas in the last decade, alarming trends for these diseases are seen among women in their child bearing age. Hence the aim of the study was to assess non-invasive risk factors of noncommunicable diseases among adult females with a focus on menopause. For this purpose, 408 females were screened and after excluding cases of peri-menopause, under-nutrition, pregnancy and hysterectomy, based on consent detailed non-invasive risk analysis was performed on 131 female subjects. The results revealed that the prevalence of selfreported history of hypertension and diabetes was around 21% and 11% respectively. About 75% of the subjects were overweight or obese according to Asia Pacific Classification. Post-menopausal women had significantly high prevalence of high body fat per cent (OR 6.52, 95%CI 1.32-62.3) and high blood pressure (OR 4.4 95%CI 2.1-9.3). Mean waist circumference, waist hip ratio, waist stature ratio, body fat and systolic blood pressure were above the normal cut-offs depicting presence of risks in both the groups. A trend of high per capita consumption of oil, salt and sugar at household level was seen. The frequency of practice of regular health check-up and awareness regarding selfbreast examination was very low among the subjects. The study indicates high prevalence of non-communicable disease risks among both pre and post-menopausal women, emphasizing the need to create awareness among young female population to adapt healthy lifestyle practices.