Analysis of Characteristics and Application of Toxic Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chinese Materia Medica / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo count and analyze the toxic traditional Chinese medicines and their characteristics in Chinese Materia Medica， so as to provide reference for the development and application of toxic drugs. MethodThe traditional Chinese medicines included in Chinese Materia Medica were screened one by one， and the inclusion criteria were "drug properties"， "usage and dosage" and "major poison， highly poisonous， poisonous， slightly poisonous， slightly poisonous" appearing in ancient books. Standard toxic traditional Chinese medicines were entered into an excel sheet for statistical analysis. ResultA total of 1 408 toxic Chinese medicines were included. The properties and flavors were mainly cold， bitter， pungent and sweet； the main meridians were liver， lung， spleen and stomach； the root， whole grass and leaves were the most used medicinal parts， and there were many toxic drugs. The pre-treatment methods are mainly sun-dried， fresh， fried， calcined， and sunburned； the efficacy categories are mainly heat-clearing drugs， rheumatism drugs， blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs； oral administration methods are mainly decoctions， pills， and powders ， mainly for external application， dipping， and coating； the dosage for oral administration is mostly 9-15 g， 3-9 g， 3-6 g， and an appropriate amount is mainly for external use. ConclusionThere are many toxic Chinese medicines clearly recorded in Chinese Materia Medica， but only 83 kinds of clearly toxic Chinese medicines are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia， which need to be further strengthened by experimental observation and clinical data verification. The clinical application of toxic traditional Chinese medicine is mainly based on heat toxin blood syndrome and rheumatic arthralgia， which is closely related to its nature， taste and meridian return. Able to move， has the effect of activating Qi and activating blood， "sweet" can replenish energy and slow down， and has the effect of tonic， alleviation and pain relief， and mostly used for the treatment of heat syndrome， blood syndrome and arthralgia syndrome. However， there are certain limitations in the classification and processing conditions of toxic traditional Chinese medicines， which need to be further improved and scientifically verified.

Analysis of Characteristics and Application of Toxic Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chinese Materia Medica / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo count and analyze the toxic traditional Chinese medicines and their characteristics in Chinese Materia Medica， so as to provide reference for the development and application of toxic drugs. MethodThe traditional Chinese medicines included in Chinese Materia Medica were screened one by one， and the inclusion criteria were "drug properties"， "usage and dosage" and "major poison， highly poisonous， poisonous， slightly poisonous， slightly poisonous" appearing in ancient books. Standard toxic traditional Chinese medicines were entered into an excel sheet for statistical analysis. ResultA total of 1 408 toxic Chinese medicines were included. The properties and flavors were mainly cold， bitter， pungent and sweet； the main meridians were liver， lung， spleen and stomach； the root， whole grass and leaves were the most used medicinal parts， and there were many toxic drugs. The pre-treatment methods are mainly sun-dried， fresh， fried， calcined， and sunburned； the efficacy categories are mainly heat-clearing drugs， rheumatism drugs， blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs； oral administration methods are mainly decoctions， pills， and powders ， mainly for external application， dipping， and coating； the dosage for oral administration is mostly 9-15 g， 3-9 g， 3-6 g， and an appropriate amount is mainly for external use. ConclusionThere are many toxic Chinese medicines clearly recorded in Chinese Materia Medica， but only 83 kinds of clearly toxic Chinese medicines are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia， which need to be further strengthened by experimental observation and clinical data verification. The clinical application of toxic traditional Chinese medicine is mainly based on heat toxin blood syndrome and rheumatic arthralgia， which is closely related to its nature， taste and meridian return. Able to move， has the effect of activating Qi and activating blood， "sweet" can replenish energy and slow down， and has the effect of tonic， alleviation and pain relief， and mostly used for the treatment of heat syndrome， blood syndrome and arthralgia syndrome. However， there are certain limitations in the classification and processing conditions of toxic traditional Chinese medicines， which need to be further improved and scientifically verified.

Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-gold nanoparticles-mediated photodynamic therapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the conjugation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) could enhance the anti-tumor efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in epidermoid carcinoma cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell viability, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry, transwell invasion assay, and migration assay, respectively. Singlet oxygen generation was detected by the singlet oxygen sensor green reagent assay. Our results showed that PDT with 5-ALA and GNPs-conjugated 5-ALA (5-ALA-GNPs) significantly suppressed cell viability, increased cell apoptosis and singlet oxygen generation in both HaCat and A431 cells, and PDT with 5-ALA and 5-ALA-GNPs had more profound effects in A431 cells than that in HaCat cells. More importantly, 5-ALA-GNPs treatment potentiated the effects of PDT on cell viability, cell apoptosis, and singlet oxygen generation in A431 cells compared to 5-ALA treatment. Further in vitro assays showed that PDT with 5-ALA-GNPs significantly decreased expression of STAT3 and Bcl-2 and increased expression of Bax in A431 cells compared with PDT with 5-ALA. In addition, 5-ALA-GNPs treatment enhanced the inhibitory effects of PDT on cell invasion and migration and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities in A431 cells compared to 5-ALA treatment. In conclusion, our results suggested that GNPs conjugated to 5-ALA significantly enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of PDT in A431 cells, which may represent a better strategy to improve the outcomes of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Speculating the Conditions and Characteristics of Morbidity of "Warm Haze" Based on Pathogenic Properties of Haze and SARS / 中国中医药信息杂志

Although haze and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are different, they are not only both closely related to climate, but also take respiratory symptom as their main clinical manifestation when they play pathogenetic roles. Based on the comparative analysis of the pathogenic properties of haze and SARS, this article speculated the conditions and characteristics of the morbidity of "warm haze", a newly serious infectious disease which consists of haze combines abnormally warm climate that potentially occurs, as well as proposes related early warnings and measures in order to provide reference for TCM in preventing newly infectious diseases and inspire a new thinking of TCM in preventing diseases which consist of both climatic and environmental factors.

Efficacy in the Treatment of Neck-type Cervical Spondylosis Predominantly with Intention Acupuncture-moxibustion Method / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between the reducing manipulation of intention acupuncture-moxibustion method and ordinary twirling reducing manipulation in treating neck-type cervical spondylosis due to wind-cold-dampness.Method A total of 132 patients with neck-type cervical spondylosis due to wind-cold-dampness were randomized into group A and group B,66 cases each.Ashi points were selected as the major points in both groups.In group A,the reducing manipulation of intention acupuncture-moxibustion method was required to be used;in group B,dry twirling reducing manipulation was adopted.TDP and cupping were added in both groups.The Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) were measured before and after the intervention.The clinical efficacies and relapse rates were compared between the two groups.Result The NPQ and NRS scores were changed significantly in both groups after the treatment (P＜0.01).After the intervention,the NPQ and NRS scores in group A were significantly different from those in group B (P＜0.01).The total effective rate and markedly effective rate were respectively 98.5％ and 87.9％ in group A,versus 97.0％ and 71.2％ in group B,and the difference in the markedly effective rate was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Of the effective cases in group A,the relapse rate was 4.6％ 3 months after the intervention,versus 17.2％ in group B,and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion It's effective to treat neck-type cervical spondylosis due to wind-cold-dampness majorly with intention acupuncture-moxibusiton method,and it can produce a better result than ordinary twirling reducing manipulation.

Development of Integrated Atomic Force Microscopy and Fluorescence Microscopy for Single-Molecule Analysis in Living Cells / 分析化学

Atomic force microscope ( AFM) and fluorescence microscope ( FM) have been emerging as two most commonly used tools for single-molecule study in living cells. Combining the advantages of two microscopes, the development of the integrated AFM-FM technique with high spatiotemporal resolution and multi-function has attracted increasing interest. In this review, the principles of AFM single-molecular force spectroscopy and single-molecule fluorescence imaging were briefly discussed, and the recent advances in the integrated AFM-FM instrumentation were summarized. Subsequently based on our own research in the investigation of ligand-receptors interactions with the integrated AFM-FM technique, its applications in live-cell single-molecule imaging and characterization were introduced.

Efficacy observation on supraspinal ligament injury in deficiency syndrome treated with acupuncture at Dazhong (KI 4) only / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy difference on the treatment of supraspinal ligament injury in deficiency syndrome between only-puncturing at Dazhong (KI 4) and routine acupuncture therapy and then explore an optimum process.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-six cases were randomly divided into a Dazhong group (63 cases) and a routine acupuncture group (63 cases). Based on the same treatment including TDP irradiation, cupping at Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25), Mingmen (GV 4), Yaoyangguan (GV 3) and Ashi points, the patients in the Dazhong group received only-puncturing Dazhong (KI 4) with respiratory reinforcing method once daily or every other day, three times of which made a course of the treatment, with on interval of one day or without between different courses. For the routine acupuncture group, the same reinforcing method was applied at shenshu (BL 23) pointect, and the other requirements such as courses were also the same.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cured and markedly effective rate was 88.9% (56/63) in the Dazhong group, which was significantly superior to that of 54.0% (34/63) in the routine acupuncture group (P < 0.01). Compared before and after the treatment, the score of Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the clinical symptom score of the two groups were significantly decreased (all PF < 0.01). Compared between the two groups, there were significant differences in NRS and clinical symptom score the Dazhong group was better than the routine acupuncture group (both P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The only-puncturing Dazhong (KI 4) method combined with cupping and TDP irradiation are simple and effective for supraspinal ligament injury in deficiency syndrome.</p>

Clinical observation on therapeutic effect of warming needle at spinal nerves for treatment of cervical spondylosis of nerve root type / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic effect of warming needle at spinal nerves in front of transverse posterior tubercle of cervical vertebra and acupoints of cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2) on cervical spondylosis of nerve root type.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and eighty cases were randomly divided into an observation group (120 cases) and a control group (60 cases). Both groups were treated with warming needle and cupping therapy. In the observation group, the transverse posterior tubercles of C2-C7 were selected as the safe points for inserting the needle towards the spinal nerves and warming the needle. In the control group, the corresponding acupoints of cervical Jiaji (EX-B 2) were deeply punctured. The rest treatment was same in the both groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the observation group and the control group, the effective rate was 96.7% (116/120) and 78.3% (47/60) respectively, while the clinical curative rate was 74.2% (89/120) and 46.7% (28/60) respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (both P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Warming needle at spinal nerves in front of transverse posterior tubercle of cervical vertebra, as a main therapy for treating cervical spondylosis of nerve root type, is a safe and effective method that is better than acupuncture at the acupoints of cervical Jiaii (EX-B 2).</p>

Clinical observation on the treatment for intractable systremma by warming needling combined with cupping / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relatively efficacious acupuncture treatment for intractable systremma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fifty cases were randomly divided into an observation group (n = 100) and a control group (n = 50). Both groups were received the warming needling treatment combined with cupping. The needle was inserted on to sciatic nerve at Huantiao (GB 30) in the observation group, but in the control group, the needle was not needled on sciatic nerve. The effectiveness of the warming needling treatment combined with cupping was compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effective rate of 98.0% in the observation group was better than that of 86.0% in the control group with a significant difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The warming needling treatment combined with cupping at Huanriso (GB 30) is a better method for intractable systremma, in which the treatment of needle inserted on to sciatic nerve is more effective.</p>

The main mechanism of the reinforcing-reducing method in Huangdi's Internal Classic is to promote qi with thought / 中国针灸

Based on Huangdi' s Internal Classic and a great deal of clinical verification, in combination with new discoveries of the nerve, the meridian electromagnetic field and the quantum physics for role of thought outside body, it is proved that the main mechanism of the reinforcing-reducing method in Huangdi's Internal Classic is to promote flow of qi with the doctor's thought, with the needle very few twisted and rotated; discover new mechanisms of the reinforcing-reducing method, newly explain and clinically verify many basic standpoints about the reinforcing-reducing, and name as "acupuncture therapy of promoting qi with thought". The method has a strong reinforcing-reducing function and do not need the needle feeling, and is directly related with doctor's idea. It is emphasized specially that it can be carefully adopted only when full syndrome differentiation is made and strictly obey the contraindications in Huangdi's Internal Classic, otherwise it has very serious danger. This kind of model that doctor's mental effect is translated into the patient's biological effect put forward new problem, new thinking for brain sciences and modern acupuncture studies.

The essence of the aponeurotic in Huangdi 's Internal Classic is nerves / 中国针灸

By comparison and analysis of anatomy, location, symptoms, clinic and theory of five elements, the article negates the later generations' wrong knowledge about the aponeurotic system. It also demonstrates that the essence of the aponeurotic system in the Huangdi's Internal Classic is mainly the somatic nerve of the peripheral nerves, with a less functions of the central nerve and vegetative nerve. The clarifying and turning back of this con cept is of very important significance for inheritance and development of TCM, and integrated Chinese medicine and western medicine, and scientific research and clinic of TCM.