Research progress in the mechanism of anti-atherosclerotic effect of berberine and its derivatives / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Atherosclerosis is usually the underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases. With the change in diet structure and living environment, it has become an increasingly serious global health problem, posing a huge challenge to public health. Berberine, also known as flavonidol, is an isoquinoline-type quaternary alkaloid with purgative and detoxifying effects. Berberine and its derivatives have antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and atherosclerosis prevention effects, etc. Recent research results showed that berberine and its derivatives can play an important role in atherosclerosis prevention through a hypolipidemic effect, anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity, improvement of vascular endothelial dysfunction, and regulation of intestinal microbiota. In this review paper, the research progress on the mechanism of action of berberine and its derivatives in the prevention of atherosclerosis was reviewed from the perspectives of a lipid-regulating effect, inhibition of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, improvement of vascular endothelial dysfunction, and regulation of intestinal microbiota. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the occurrence of atherosclerosis, improving the clinical symptoms of patients, and further developing berberine-based drugs.

A systematic pharmacological investigation of pharmacologically active ingredients in Toujie Quwen granules for treatment of COVID-19 / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the pharmacologically active ingredients in granules (TJQW) for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in light of systemic pharmacology.@*METHODS@#We performed database search, literature mining and drug-like index screening to identify the bioactive components in TJQW, the positive drugs for disease treatment and their therapeutic targets. The core disease target was investigated based on the cross-linking interaction of the bioactive components, positive drug and potential disease target, and the target proteins at the key nodes were analyzed by GO and KEGG analyses. Based on the therapeutic targets for COVID-19, virtual screening was conducted to screen the compounds in TJQW and construct the network cross-linking the key bioactive molecules in TJQW, key node targets of the disease, and the related biological pathways.@*RESULTS@#We identified 159 compounds in TJQW and obtained 18 core proteins based on the cross-linking of the bioactive components, positive drugs and disease targets. The key node targets consisted of 22 targets including the latest 4 COVID-19 proteins. Virtual screening results showed that at least 14 compounds could bind with the core disease target proteins. The material basis of TJQW for COVID-19 treatment was explained in multi-pathway, multi-component and multi-target perspectives. In terms of the structural characteristics of the compounds, we screened the top 30 molecules with strong binding with the target proteins, among which flavonoids were the predominant components.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This investigation reveals the therapeutic mechanism of TJQW for COVID-19 involving multiple components, targets and pathways from the perspective of key bioactive molecules, disease key node targets and related biological pathways. We screened 30 active precursors from TJQW, which provides reference for the clinical application and further development of TJQW.

Radiofrequency deep hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#In the era of precision medicine, chemotherapy is still considered the cornerstone of treatment for lung cancer patients without gene mutations. How to reduce the toxicity and increase the efficiency of chemotherapy is worth exploring. This study aimed to investigate the curative effects and safety of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy (HCT) for advanced patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially those with malignant pleural effusion.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively evaluated medical records of 93 patients with advanced NSCLC (stage IIIB-IV) from March 2011 to January 2014. The patients were divided into HCT and chemotherapy (CT) groups. The HCT group was treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) regimen combined with regional radiofrequency deep hyperthermia, while the CT group was treated with GP regimen only. Those with malignant pleural effusion extra underwent thoracentesis and intrapleural injection chemotherapy combined with hyperthermic or not. Clinical treatment results and adverse reactions were compared and analyzed after treatment. SPSS 19.0 software (SPSS Inc., USA) was used for statistical data processing. P values less than 0.05 were accepted to be statistically significant.@*RESULTS@#Among the 93 patients, HCT group included 48 patients (16 patients with malignant pleural effusion), CT group included 45 patients (10 patients with malignant pleural effusion). There was no significant difference between the two groups in patient characteristics. The overall response rate (ORR) of pleural effusions was much better in HCT group than that in CT group (81.2% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.046). The patients in HCT group had lower incidence rate of weakness (12.5% vs. 46.7%, χ = 13.16, P < 0.001) and gastrointestinal (25.0% vs. 77.8%, χ = 25.88, P < 0.001) adverse reactions than that in CT group. The objective tumor response and survival showed no significant differences.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy might lead to the development of better therapeutic strategy for advanced NSCLC with malignant pleural effusion patients. Also, it could greatly reduce the chemotherapy toxic effects in the incidence of weakness and gastrointestinal adverse reactions in advanced NSCLC patients.

Prognostic significance of locally invaded sites and tissue types in patients with nasal extranodal natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma: a single-center retrospective analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type, is an aggressive entity within the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid tumors. The International Prognostic Index is reported to be prognostically meaningful for ENKTL, but lacks discriminatory power for stage I/II ENKTL with extensive local invasion. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effects of local invasion by site and tissue type in patients with ENKTL.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed data of 86 patients who were diagnosed with ENKTL by the Department of Pathology of Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2002 to April 2016, and ascertained tumor infiltration of adjacent structures (AS), bone, and soft tissue for each patient, using physical findings and imaging scans. We used univariate and multivariate analysis to assess the association of each involved tissue or site with patients' overall survival (OS).@*RESULTS@#Of the 86 patients, 71 (82.6%) experienced invasion of AS, 22 (25.6%) of soft tissue, and 26 (30.2%) had bone involvement. Overall, patients with AS involvement did not show significantly shorter survival than those without AS involvement (Log rank χ = 1.177, P = 0.278); however, patients who had involved eyeballs or brains showed significantly lower 2-year OS rates than those without eyeball involvement (Log rank χ = 4.105, P = 0.043) or brain involvement (Log rank χ = 7.126, P = 0.008). Patients with involved local soft tissue or bones, respectively, showed lower 2-year OS rates than those without involved local soft tissue (Log rank χ = 10.390, P = 0.001) or bones (Log rank χ = 8.993, P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that involvement of the cheek or facial muscles (hazard ratio, HR = 5.471, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.466-20.416, P = 0.011) and the maxilla bone (HR = 6.120, 95% CI: 1.517-24.694, P = 0.011) were significantly independent predictors of lower 2-year OS rates.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Imaging can accurately detect ENKTL invasion of AS, soft tissue, and bone. Involvement of local soft tissue or bone was significantly associated with lower 2-year OS rates. Involvements of the cheek or facial muscle, as well as maxilla bone, are independent predictors of lower 2-year OS rates in ENKTL patients.

Prognostic significance of locally invaded sites and tissue types in patients with nasal extranodal natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma: a single-center retrospective analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type, is an aggressive entity within the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid tumors. The International Prognostic Index is reported to be prognostically meaningful for ENKTL, but lacks discriminatory power for stage I/II ENKTL with extensive local invasion. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic effects of local invasion by site and tissue type in patients with ENKTL.@*Methods@#We retrospectively analyzed data of 86 patients who were diagnosed with ENKTL by the Department of Pathology of Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2002 to April 2016, and ascertained tumor infiltration of adjacent structures (AS), bone, and soft tissue for each patient, using physical findings and imaging scans. We used univariate and multivariate analysis to assess the association of each involved tissue or site with patients’ overall survival (OS).@*Results@#Of the 86 patients, 71(82.6%) experienced invasion of AS, 22(25.6%) of soft tissue, and 26(30.2%) had bone involvement. Overall, patients with AS involvement did not show significantly shorter survival than those without AS involvement (Log rank χ2 = 1.177, P = 0.278); however, patients who had involved eyeballs or brains showed significantly lower 2-year OS rates than those without eyeball involvement (Log rank χ2 = 4.105, P = 0.043) or brain involvement (Log rank χ2 = 7.126, P = 0.008). Patients with involved local soft tissue or bones, respectively, showed lower 2-year OS rates than those without involved local soft tissue (Log rank χ2 = 10.390, P = 0.001) or bones (Log rank χ2 = 8.993, P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that involvement of the cheek or facial muscles (hazard ratio, HR = 5.471, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.466–20.416, P = 0.011) and the maxilla bone (HR = 6.120, 95% CI: 1.517–24.694, P = 0.011) were significantly independent predictors of lower 2-year OS rates.@*Conclusions@#Imaging can accurately detect ENKTL invasion of AS, soft tissue, and bone. Involvement of local soft tissue or bone was significantly associated with lower 2-year OS rates. Involvements of the cheek or facial muscle, as well as maxilla bone, are independent predictors of lower 2-year OS rates in ENKTL patients.

Sinonasal mammary analogue secretory carcinoma: a clinicopathological analysis of 2 cases / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features of sinonasal primary secretory carcinoma (SC) and its diagnosis, differential diagnosis. Methods Two cases of sin-nasal SC were analyzed by light microscopy with immunohisto-chemical staining (EnVision) for CK, vimentin, S-100 protein, SOX10, PAS, DPAS, Mamaglobin, Calponin, DOG1, p63 and molecular detection of ETV6 gene break. Results Morphologically, SC revealed varying proportions of solid, tubular, acinar, microcystic, tubular growth patterns. All SC cases were cytological low grade with uniform cells, small-to medium-sizes nuclei, occasional small nucleoli, and abundant pink, bubbly cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were rarely encountered. Tumor cells secreted eosinophilic, colloid-like secretions that were PAS positive. There were no DPAS positive zymogen granules in cyto-plasm. This tumor cells were CK, vimentin, S-100, SOX10, PAS positive and Mamaglobin, Calponin and p63 negative. The ETV6 gene rearrangement was confirmed in all cases by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). After excision, all two patients were survival without tumor recurrence for 41 months and53 months. Conclusion Sinonasal primary SC is a low grade malignant tumor. The histological features of SC are overlap with other salivary gland tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis and FISH are useful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

In vitro photodynamic antibacterial activity of cationic porphyrin derivative / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To investigate susceptibility and antibacterial activity of cationic porphyfin derivative mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (CPD-PACT) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa,to provide experimental evidence for its high efficiency antibacterial activity.Methods The impacts of culture environments on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were measured by double dilution method.The formation of inhibition zone was determined by diffusion plate method.The postantibiotic effect was analyzed by colony forming units.The viability and morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Results The inoculum size of bacterial had a certain effect on the MIC.The MIC values increased as the pH of medium rose.When the calf serum content of culture medium increased,the MIC rose in light reaction and dropped in dark reaction.The diameter of inhibition zone mainly depended on the laser energy density,but not the concentration of photosensitizer.Though CPD possessed strong antimicrobial activity and persistent suppression on bacterial growth,the surviving Pseudomonas aeruginosa would soon continue to proliferate after PACT.The fluorescence images captured by CLSM showed that CPD-PACT could destroy the membrane integrity,leak the cytoplasmic component,decrease the bacterial activity and finally lead Pseudomonas aeruginosa to death.Conclusions CPD has strong inhibitory activity and obvious postantibiotic effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa,which is suitable to be developed as an drug candidate for PACT.

Protective effect of sugar polyphenols A on radiation injury in mice / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To study the radiation protection effect of sugar polyphenols A obtained by structured modification using mouse model of radiation injury induced by 137Cs γ-ray.Methods Total 42 male Kunming mice aged 4-6 weeks were randomly divided into six groups:negative control group (NCG),positive control group (PCG),irradiation control group (ICG) as well as three irradiation experimental groups.The radiation injury model was developed by once whole-body irradiation with 6.0 Gy 137Cs γ-ray.The mice in three experimental groups were fed sugar polyphenols A respectively with doses of 0.05,0.10 and 0.20 g/kg,for 14 d before irradiation,and continuously fed with the drug for 7 d after the irradiation.After that the mice were sacrificed,and the organ index,hematological parameters,spleen colony number,bone marrow DNA content and nucleated cells in bone-marrow were tested to evaluate the effect of sugar polyphenols A.Results Compared with the ICG,the irradiation experimental groups with the sugar polyphenols A doses of 0.05,0.10,0.20 g/kg showed reductions in irradiation injuries of immune system and hematopoietic system,which makes the significant increases of the spleen indexes (Z=-2.364,-3.003 and -2.747,P＜0.05) and the number of endogenous spleen colony (Z=-2.458,-2.141 and-2.206,P＜0.05).In the groups with the doses of 0.05 and 0.2 g/kg,the number of white blood cells were significantly increased (Z=-2.652 and-2.139,P＜0.05).Besides,in the group with the dose of 0.2 g/kg,the level of red blood cells (Z=-2.364,P＜0.05),bone marrow DNA content (Z=-2.492,P＜0.05) and nucleated cells in bone-marrow (Z=-2.492,P＜0.05) were also increased compared with the ICG.Conclusions Sugar polyphenols A has the positive effects on the recovery of immune and hematopoietic function of mice through improving the organ index,endogenous spleen colony number,peripheral white blood cell number,bone marrow DNA content and nucleated cells in bone-marrow,which can reduce the injury induced by ionizing radiation.

Literature Analysis of 132 Cases of Adverse Drug Reaction Induced by Monoclonal Antibody / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate rules and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADR)induced by monoclonal antibodies,and provide reference for rational drug use. METHODS:The literatures of ADR induced by monoclonal antibodies from Jan. 1979 to Dec. 2014 were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS:Among the 132 ADRs induced by monoclonal antibodies,57 were male(43.18%),75 were female(56.82%),the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.3,the youngest was 2 years old,and oldest was 111 years old;Adalimumab dominated monoclonal antibody drugs(70 cases,53.03%);there were a maximum of ADR(44) within 1 d,accounting for 33.33%;ADR induced by monoclonal antibodies mainly were skin lesions (20.72%),systemic reac-tions(18.42%)and cardiovascular system damage(16.78%),with the specific performance of rash,itching,chills,fever,palpi-tation,rapid heartbeat and so on. CONCLUSIONS:ADR induced by monoclonal antibodies is more common in the clinic. The clin-ic should timely promote and strengthen the patients' care to ensure safe drug use and improve level of clinical treatment.

Study on inhibition effect of alkaloid monomers from Sophora alopecuroides on in vitro cultured lung cancer cells / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To investigate in vitro anti-tumor activity and the related mechanism of four alkaloid monomers from Sophora alopecuroides,and to evaluate their toxicity on normal cells,thereby to screen the drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity anti-tumor effects.Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was employed to determine the effects of four alkaloid monomers on the proliferation activity of human lung cancer cells and hamster lung cells.Morphology of apoptotic lung cancer cell nucleus was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy with Hochest33342 staining.Cell apoptosis and necrosis were measured by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI double staining.Results The four alkaloid monomers showed different degree of proliferation inhibition on lung cancer cells with dose dependent manner.Oxysophoridine had the strongest inhibition effect on lung cancer cells and the minimun toxicity on normal lung cells.Hochest33342 staining and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that oxysophoridine could induce the apoptosis and necrosis of A549 cells.Conclusions All four alkaloid monomers have certain anti-tumor effect on lung cancer cells.Oxysophoridine is the most active one with high efficiency and low toxicity characteristics,which is suitable for use as anti-tumor drug candidate for further development.

In vitro experimental study of novel porphyrin-typed photosensitizer photodynamically treating hepatic carcinoma / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To study the photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by a novel porphyrin-typed photosensitizer on human hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cell and the mechanisms.Methods Experiments were derided into four groups:control group,PDT group,photosensitizer group and photosensitizer+PDT group.The photostability of novel photosensitizer upon repetitive illumination was evaluated by bleaching method,and cell survival rate was determined by MTT assay.Cellular uptake of novel photosensitizer was measured with luminescence spectrometer,and cellular localization ofphotosensitizer was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).Furthermore,apoptotic cell was detected with Hoechst 333342 staining.Results Novel photosensitizer was stable after repetitive light irradiation,and PDT or photosensitizer alone showed no dark cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cell (P＞0.05),but intense killing was observed in photosensitizer+PDT group (P＜0.05).The IC50 is 1.21 μmol/L.Cellular uptake of novel photosensitizer was concentration-dependent and the highest uptake is at concentration of 12.5 μmol/L.Novel photosensitizer localizes in lysosomes of HepG2 cell,and the death mode of HepG2 cell was mainly apoptosis.Conclusions Novel photosensitizer exerts profound cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cell mainly through the initiation of secondary cell apoptosis by lysosome destruction.

Colonization and plant growth promoting characterization of endophytic Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain Zong1 isolated from Sophora alopecuroides root nodules

The endophytic strain Zong1 isolated from root nodules of the legume Sophora alopecuroides was characterized by conducting physiological and biochemical tests employing gfp-marking, observing their plant growth promoting characteristics (PGPC) and detecting plant growth parameters of inoculation assays under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that strain Zong1 had an effective growth at 28 ºC after placed at 4-60 ºC for 15 min, had a wide range pH tolerance of 6.0-11.0 and salt tolerance up to 5% of NaCl. Zong1 was resistant to the following antibiotics (µg/mL): Phosphonomycin (100), Penicillin (100) and Ampicillin (100). It could grow in the medium supplemented with 1.2 mmol/L Cu, 0.1% (w/v) methylene blue and 0.1-0.2% (w/v) methyl red, respectively. Zong1 is closely related to Pseudomonas chlororaphis based on analysis the sequence of 16S rRNA gene. Its expression of the gfp gene indicated that strain Zong1 may colonize in root or root nodules and verified by microscopic observation. Furthermore, co-inoculation with Zong1 and SQ1 (Mesorhizobium sp.) showed significant effects compared to single inoculation for the following PGPC parameters: siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, organic acid production, IAA production and antifungal activity in vitro. These results suggest strains P. chlororaphi Zong1 and Mesorhizobium sp. SQ1 have better synergistic or addictive effect. It was noteworthy that each growth index of co-inoculated Zong1+SQ1 in growth assays under greenhouse conditions is higher than those of single inoculation, and showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared to a negative control. Therefore, as an endophyte P. chlororaphis Zong1 may play important roles as a potential plantgrowth promoting agent.

Photodynamic therapeutic effect of iminodiacetic acid modified tetraphenylporphyrin in mice bearing H22 liver cancer / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To explore the physical/chemical properties and effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of iminodiacetic acid modified tetraphenylporphyrin on mice bearing H22 liver cancer.Methods The UV absorbance spectrum,singlet oxygen yield and lipid-water partition coefficient were measured by UV spectrophotometry.Mice bearing H22 liver cancer as animal model were divided into control group (no drug,no light),light treated group (no drug,only light),drug treated group (only drug,no light),experimental once group (with drug and light,once) and experimental twice group (with drug and light,twice,PDT twice).Tumor inhibition rate and index of liver,spleen,lung,thymus of the mice were calculated to evaluate the antitumor activity of iminodiacetic acid modified tetraphenyl porphyrin-PDT.Results The iminodiacetic acid modified tetraphenylporphyrin had absorption at 650 nm,while its singlet oxygen yield and lipid-water partition coefficient were 2.30 and 0.52,respectively.No antitumor effect on mice bearing H22liver cancer for light treated group and drug treated group respectively.However,significant antitumor effect (P＜0.001)was found at experimental group.The maximum tumor inhibition rate could be 95.15％ for PDT twice group.No significant differences were observed on weight gain and liver,lung,spleen,thymus index in each group.Conclusion Iminodiacetic acid modified tetraphenylporphyrin with high singlet oxygen yield,low toxicity and significant in vivo anti-tumor activity,is suitable to be developed as an anti-tumor drug candidate for photodynamic therapy.

Application of the China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System in Guangxi, 2009-2011 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and further improvement the application of the China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Results related to the amount of signal, proportion of signal responded, time to signal response, manner of signal verification and on each signal of Guangxi in CIDARS from 2009 to 2011 were described. Performance was compared between the periods of pre/ post the adjustment of parameters in CIDARS on December 10, 2010.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 29 788 signals were generated on 16 infectious diseases in the system in Guangxi. 100% signals had been responded with the median time to response as 1.5 hours. The average amount of signal per county per week was 1.7;with 624 signals(2.09%)verified as suspected outbreaks preliminarily and 191 outbreaks of 9 diseases were finally confirmed by further field investigation. The sensitivity of CIDARS was 89.25% , and the timeliness of detection was 2.8 d. After adjusting the parameter of CIDARS, the number of signals reduced, and the sensitivity and timeliness of detection improved for most of the diseases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The signals of CIDARS were responded timely, and the performance of CIDARS might be improved by adjusting the parameters of early-warning model, which helped enhance the ability of outbreaks-detection for local public health departments. However the current proportion of false positive signals still seemed to be high, suggesting that both the methods and parameters should be improved, according to the characteristics of different diseases.</p>

Effects of herbal cake-separated moxibustion on the expression of erythrocyte CD58 in different ages of healthy people / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the efficacy of herbal cake-separated moxibustion on the expression of erythrocyte CD58 in different ages of healthy people and explore the differences of the therapeutic effect in different ages and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 82 health participants were divided into a young age group and a middle-old age group according to the ages. They were treated with herbal cake-separated moxibustion on Shenque (CV 8), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23) with cake made by Shudihuang (Radiz Re hmanniae Preparata), Shanyao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae), Shanzhuyu (Fructus Corni ), etc. The treatment was given for 10 sessions once other day and each acupoint for 3 successive dosages. The mean fluorescence intensities of erythrocyte CD58 were measured by flow cytometry before and after moxibustion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After moxibustion, erythrocyte CD58 expression were significantly higher than that before moxibustion in two groups (both P < 0.01), particularly in young age group, which was significantly higher than that in middle-old age group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect of moxibustion in youth is evidently superior to that in middle-old age. Its mechanism is connected with that moxibustion can enhance the expression of erythrocyte CD58.</p>

Primary ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions: clinicopathologic features and genetic alterations / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of primary ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of 37 archival cases of primary ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative lesions were studied including 5 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and 32 lymphomas retrospectively. Classification of the lymphomas were made according to the WHO classification of tumors of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. All cases were studied by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using dual color break apart probes of IgH, MALT1, bcl-6, c-Myc, bcl-2, CCND1, bcl-10, and FOXP1 for detection of chromosomal aberrations involving IgH, MALT1, bcl-6, c-Myc, bcl-2, cyclinD1, bcl-10 and FOXP1 genes, respectively. FISH with IgH / bcl-2 dual color dual fusion probe was used for detection of t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IgH-bcl-2. CEP18 spectrum orange probe was used for detection of aneuploidy of the chromosome 18.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 32 cases of lymphomas, 28 cases (87.5%) were extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), 2 cases were follicular lymphoma (FL) and 2 cases diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Among the 28 cases of MALT lymphoma, chromosomal aberrations were found in 60.7% (17/28) by interphase FISH analysis. One case showed positive IgH break-apart signal with unknown partner. 16 cases showed three copies of different genes, of which, three copies of MALT1, bcl-6, and c-Myc were identified in 7 cases (25%), 12 cases (43%), and 2 cases (8%) of MALT lymphomas, respectively. In addition, 5 cases showed two genes including three copies of bcl-6 and MALT1 in 4 cases, and three copies of bcl-6 together with c-Myc in one case. Furthermore, all cases with three copies of MALT1 had trisomy 18. t(14;18)(q32;q21) was detected in both follicular lymphomas. Of the 2 DLBCL cases, one showed three copies of bcl-6 together with trisomy 18 and the other one showed three copies of bcl-6 together with IgH and c-Myc rearrangements. Chromosomal aberration was not found in all 5 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The most common entity of primary ocular adnexal lymphomas is MALT lymphoma and FISH is helpful for their differential diagnosis and classification. Trisomy 18 and three copies of bcl-6 are common chromosomal aberrations in primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas.</p>

Determination of the Related Substances in Aosaibos Crude Drug by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To determine the contents of the related substances in Aosaibos crude drug by HPLC.METHODS: The determination was carried out on a SunFireTM RP C18 column with mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer solution(pH 3.05)-acetonitrile(8∶2) at a flow rate of 1 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm;The sample size was 20 ?L and column temperature was set at room temperature.RESULTS: The main peak and the impurity peaks of 3 batchs of Aosaibos crude drug were well-separated.The contents of the related substances were all lower than 1.19%.CONCLUSION: The determination method is simple,sensitive and applicable for the content determination of the related substances of Aosaibos.