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Vector borne diseases account for more than 17% of other contagious diseases and can be caused either by parasites, bacteria or viruses. Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by female Anopheles mosquitoes. It causes millions of cases globally and most deaths occur in children. Dengue is another vector disease caused by Aedes mosquito and also affects millions of people, also causing more deaths. Other vector diseases may include yellow fever, zika fever, west nile fever, chikungunya, elephantiasis etc. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and awareness about the mode of transmission of vector borne disease among the general public and also to analyse the correlation between gender and the level of awareness about vector borne disease among them. A cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among people in the region of Chennai. A set of 15 questions including questions on knowledge and awareness on the mode of transmission of vector borne diseases among the general population. It included questions like examples of vector borne diseases, mode of transmission of disease, preventive measures etc. The people of age group between 25-45 years were involved in the survey. There were 100 responses to the survey. The duration of the study was about 7 days. It is clear that the population was aware about the vector borne diseases but not very clear about the preventive measures to be taken to prevent the spread of vector borne diseases.
RESUMO
Antibiotics are commonly used in dental practice. It has been estimated that 10% of all antibiotic prescriptions are related with dental infection. Antibiotic treatment is a feature of pharmacotherapy with the particularity of providing both prophylactic and curative action. It was introduced in the mid twentieth century in the form of sulfa drug (1935), penicillin (1941), tetracycline (1948) and erythromycin (1952). Since then, antibiotics have focused much clinical and pharmacological research, in response antibiotics, the consolidation of new disease, and novel clinical situations.to “Penicilin antibiotics are commonly use in dental practice. Amoxicillin, metronidozole and clavulanate are frequently prescribed drugs by dentists.” The aim of this study is to create knowledge and awareness about antibiotic usage and emerging drug resistance bacteria among dental students. The Questionnaires had been prepared and distributed to 100 participants of dental students. The resulting data have been analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and chi square test was used and p value was calculated. Most of the participants in the survey were aware about antibiotic use and emerging drug resistance bacteria. From this present study, it can be concluded that the participants are aware about antibiotic usage and drug resistance bacteria
RESUMO
Post operative infections that occur after surgical procedures can cause a lot of complications like sepsis, organ failure or even death. These are the third most commonly reported healthcare associated infection. The most common cause of wound infection regardless of procedure performed remains gram-positive cocci which comprise more than 50% of all infections. Specifically, Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most frequent organisms isolated from a wound infection. There has been an increasing incidence of MRSA strains reported in hospitals across the globe. The main aim of our study is isolation, detection and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from postoperative infections. Samples were collected from post operative patients with infected wounds. The area around the wound was cleaned. Exudates were collected from the wound with a sterile swab stick. The samples were inoculated on different solid culture mediums and the plates were incubated in the presence of oxygen at 37°C overnight. There were many standard procedures done in which tube coagulase was taken as the main criteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines using commercially available cefoxitin (30 μg) disc (HiMedia) and the results were compared with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and MRSA ATCC 43300 control strains. The MRSA strains were identified and detection of Mec A gene that codes for methicillin resistance is done using PCR technique.
RESUMO
Objective: The objective was to compare the biochemical changes of amikacin by autoinjector delivery and manual injection in rats. Materials and Methods: Amikacin drug cartridge (500 mg/2 mL) for autoinjectors was diluted to 63 mg/mL and rats were administered 1.2 mL, i.p. One group was given 3 and a second group 7 injection on consecutive days. 3 and 7 days manual injection of same dose of amikacin (about 500 mg/kg, i.p.) and a control group (saline) were also included (total 5 groups). On day 4 or 8 biochemical parameters were studied. Results: Significant increase in urea, creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase were observed in 7 days administration in both autoinjector and manual injection groups compared to control group. All other parameters viz., glucose, cholesterol, total triglycerides, bilirubin, uric acid, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase did not show any significant change. No significant change was observed in 3 days administration groups. Conclusion: High dose of amikacin for longer duration is known for its nephrotoxicity which is evidenced by the increase in urea and creatinine in both autoinjector and manual injection groups. This study shows that autoinjector device for amikacin which is new can be considered for further research work.