Case report of acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux type caused by the NPR2 gene mutation / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Clinical data of a child with acromesomelic dysplasia Maroteaux type (AMDM) treated in the Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital at November 2018 was retrospectively analyzed.The female child aged 3 years and 3 months old with 83 cm height (-3.84 SD) had clinical manifestations of disproportionate short stature, disproportionate shortening of forearms and forelegs, and stubby fingers and toes.Gene sequencing identified compound heterozygous mutations, c.1640T>A(p.Val547Asp)/c.682G>A(p.Gly228Ser), in the NPR2 gene, which have not been reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database.Their protein function was predicted harmful.The child was diagnosed as AMDM.During the follow-up until 4 years and 8 months old, the child was 90 cm tall (-4.35 SD), with a growth velocity of 4.9 cm/year.She was treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment for 9 months and regularly followed up.The child was now 98.2 cm height (-3.07 SD) and she had a growth velocity of 10.9 cm/year.This case report enriched the gene mutation spectrum of AMDM.Treatment with rhGH can effectively improve the height of the child, but the long-term effect needs further follow-up and observation.

Characteristics of plasma glucose and insulin secretion after a glucose load and prediction of islet beta cell function in obese children / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the characteristics of plasma glucose, insulin secretion and changes of insulin resistance (IR) after a glucose load in obese children, and to predict islet β-cell function. Methods A total of 635 obese children were classified into normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (n=483), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) group (n=112) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) group (n=40) based on their glucose levels. Subjects were also divided into G1 group (23 kg/m2≤BMI<30 kg/m2, n=393) and G2 group (BMI≥30 kg/m2, n=242) based on their different BMI levels. Level of fast plasma glucose (FPG, 0.5 h-PG, 1 h-PG, 2 h-PG and 3 h-PG) and insulin (FINS, 0.5 h-INS, 1 h-INS, 2 h-INS and 3 h-INS) were measured 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h after a glucose load. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI), function of pancreatic beta-cell (HOMA-β), first-phase insulin secretion index (ΔI30/ΔG30) and area under curve of insulin (AUCI) were calculated and compared between groups. Results The value of insulin at each time point was significantly higher in IGR group than that of NGT group. The values of insulin at 0.5 h, 1 h, and 2 h were significantly lower in DM group than those of IGR group, respectively (all P<0.05). Compared with NGT group, AUCI, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β increased, but WBISI and ΔI30/ΔG30 decreased in IGR group (all P<0.05). HOMA-IR increased but WBISI, HOMA-βandΔI30/ΔG30 decreased in DM group (all P<0.05). Compared with IGR group, AUCI, HOMA-βandΔI30/ΔG30 decreased in DM group (all P<0.05). Values of FINS, AUCI, HOMA-IR, 2h-PG and HOMA-βwere significantly higher in G2 group than those of G1 group, but WBISI decreased (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in FPG and ΔI30/ΔG30 between these two groups. Conclusion From NGT, IGR to DM, the peak of insulin secretion is postponed, insulin resistance is getting heavier and the compensation of insulin secretion after a glucose load is increased first and then decreased.

Association of serum components of GH axis with GHR exon 3 polymorphism in idiopathic short stature children / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the possible association of circulating components of GH-IGFs-IGFBPs system with the GHR-exon 3 genotype in idiopathic short stature (ISS) children. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted and isolat-ed from peripheral leukocytes in 108 ISS children. GHR-exon 3 polymorphism was analyzed with multiplex poly-merase chain reactions (PCR) assay. According to the results of genotype, ISS children were divided into GHRfl group and GHRd 3 group. The height and weight were recorded in two groups. The body mass index (BMI) and BMI standard deviation score (SDS) were measured. The serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, IGF-1 SDS and IGFBP3 SDS were calculated. GH stimulation test was used to measure the serum GH peak value. Fifty-five ISS chil-dren were treated with recombine human GH [0.15 IU/(kg·d)] for three months to analyse the association of IGF-1 response of GH treatment and genotypes. Results There were 63 GHRfl and 45 GHRd3 in 108 ISS children. There were no signifi-cant differences in BMI, IGF-1, IGFBP3, GH peak, IGF-1 SDS and IGFBP3 SDS between two groups (P>0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that age, IGFBP3, lg (BMI) and lg (GH peak) were influencing factors of lgIGF-1 (P<0.05). In 55 ISS children treated with rhGH, there were 34 cases of GHRd3. The differences of △IGF-1 and △IGF-1 SDS were higher in GHRd3 group than those of GHRfl group (n=21). Conclusion The GH sensitivity may be a risk factor in ISS children, which may not be related with GHR polymorphism.

Methylmalonic aciduria combined with congenital adrenal hyperplasia:a case report / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of a rare case of methylmalonic aciduria combined with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Methods The clinical and laboratory data of the first case of methylmalonyl CoA mutase deifcient methylmalonic aciduria combined with 21-hydroxylase deifciency in China were analyzed. Results The male patient with age of onset at 3 months presented with feeding dififculty, diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, and psychomotor retardation after polio vaccination or high protein diet. At one year and 8 months of age, methylmalonic aciduria was diagnosed, and the patient was clinically improved after treatment. At 5 years of age, precocious puberty was noticed, and virilizing form of 21-Hydroxylase deifciency was diagnosed. Genetic testing conifrmed 2 known mutations in MUT gene (c.866G?>?C, c.2179C?>?T) and 2 known mutations in CYP21A2 gene (c.188A?>?T, c.518T?>?A). Conclusions The clinical manifestations of inherited metabolic disorders and endocrine diseases are complex and it is rare that multiple disorders occurred simultaneously in one patient. This male patient has two rare diseases, methylmalonic aciduria and 21-hydroxylase deifciency.

Significance of thyroid stimulating antibody and thyroid stimulating-blocking antibody in children with autoimmune thyroid disease / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the significance of thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) and thyroid stimulating-blocking antibody (TSBAb) in children with Graves' disease (GD) or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT).Methods Five hundred and twenty-seven cases of serum from 180 children with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) children were divided into 282 cases of GD and 245 cases of HT.According to the status of thyroid function,they were divided into 157 cases of hyperthyroidism,91 cases of hypothyroidism and 279 cases of normal thyroid.GD group was subdivided into 127 GD hyperthyroidism and 155 GD remission;HT group was subdivided 30 HT hyperthyroidism,124 HT remission and 91 HT hypothyroidism.Seventy-nine healthy children were taken as the healthy control group.Free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroxine(FT4) and sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) were detected by chemoluminescence.Serum TSAb and TSBAb were detected by serum TSAb or TSBAb enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),respectively.The differences in TSAb and TSBAb among each group were compared and analyzed of find out the relationship between TSAb and TSBAb was performed.Beside,the correlation between TSAb and TSBAb with FT3,FT4,and TSH were analyzed.Results (1) TSAb levels were significant (F =11.995,all P =0.000):the GD group (0.727 ± 0.157) ＞ HT group (0.605 ± 0.148) ＞ healthy control group (0.350 ± 0.105);the difference was significant(F =109.165,P =0.000) among hyperthyroidism group (0.745 ± 0.169) ＞ normal thyroid group (0.647 ± 0.153) ＞hypothyroidism group(0.612 ±0.144) ＞healthy control group (0.350 ±0.105);the difference was significant(F=156.712,P =0.000) in the GD hyperthyroidism group(0.747 ±0.17) ＞ GD remission group (0.640 ± 0.16) ＞ healthy control group (0.350 ± 0.105);the difference was significant (F =109.165,P =0.000) in the HT hyperthyroidism group(0.739 ±0.140) ＞HT remission group(0.655 ±0.135) ＞ HT hypothyroidism group(0.612 ± 0.140) ＞healthy control group (0.350 ±0.105).(2) TSBAb levels were significantly different(F =15.610,P =0.000):the HT group(0.704 ±0.633) ＞ GD group(0.567 ±0.178) ＞ healthy control group (0.334 ±0.104);the difference was significant(F =13.311,P =0.000) in the hypothyroidism group (0.693 ± 0.125) ＞ remission group (0.648 ±0.446) ＞hyperthyroidism group(0.562 ±0.181) ＞healthy control group(0.334 ±0.104);the difference was significant(F =19.269,P =0.000) in the GD remission group (0.672 ±0.572) ＞ GD hyperthyroidism group (0.550 ± 0.187) ＞ healthy control group (0.334 ± 0.104);HT hypothyroidism group (0.693 ± 0.725) was higher than HT hyperthyroidism group(0.618 ±0.142) and HT remission group (0.619 ±0.199),the difference was not significant between HT hyperthyroidism group and HT remission group(F =12.208,P =0.000).(3) TSAb level was positively correlated with TSBAb,FT3 and FT4(r =0.162,0.091,0.194,all P ＜ 0.05) and was negatively correlated with TSH (r =-0.224,P ＜ 0.05).TSBAb levels were negatively correlated with FT3 (r =-0.155,P ＜ 0.05) and was positively correlated with TSH (r =0.131,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Thyroid function was related to the serum levels of TSAb and TSBAb.TSAb and TSBAb could be regarded as an important predictive index for children with AITD during the treatment period.

Experimental study on correlation of Coronin-1 with non-Mtb induced autophagy in macrophages / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between Coronin-1 and non-Mtb induced autophagy in macrophages and its possible signal pathway.Methods: The pEGFP-C1-Coronin-1 plasmids encoding the over-expression of Coronin-1 and pGenesil-1-Coronin-1 plasmids encoding the siRNA of Coronin-1 gene were constructed and transfected into RAW264.7 respectively in order to obtain their stable transfected cell line ( RAW264.7-Cor.Plus and RAW264.7-Cor.Minus ).After the RAW264.7, RAW264.7-Cor.Plus and RAW264.7-Cor.Minus group cells were treated with complete medium, starvation, Rapamycin and Cyclosporine A respectively,the transcription level of Beclin-1 gene was detected by RT-PCR,and the protein expression level of Coronin-1 and Beclin-1 and the ratio of LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠwas analyzed by Western blot.Results:The over-expression plasmids,the siRNA plasmids and their stable transfected cell lines which can over-express the Coronin-1 or inhibit its expression were successfully constructed.When the three groups cell treated with blank control,the ratio of LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠwas found that:RAW264.7-Cor.Minus>RAW264.7>RAW264.7-Cor.Plus significantly,and the transcription level of Beclin-1 gene and its protein detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively showed the same trend with the ratio of LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠ;When the three groups cell treated with starvation,the ratio of LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠjust become the opposite of the first result significantly;When the RAW264.7 cells treated with Rapamycin, the expression of Coronin-1 was inhibited significantly.The ratio of LC3BⅡ/LC3BⅠin the RAW264.7-Cor.Plus group treated with Rapamycin and CsA respectively was higher than its corresponding control treatment group.Conclusion:There is a correlation between Coronin-1 and non-Mtb induced cell autophagy in macrophage.In the nutrition sufficient condition, Coronin-1 can inhibit autophagy;in the hungry condition,Coronin-1 can promote autophagy.The regulation of autophagy by Coronin-1 may be associated with mTOR and calcium signaling pathway.

ALEX1 expression in cervical cancer tissues and effect of ALEX1 on cervical cancer cell biology behavior / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate ALEX1 gene expres-sion in cervical cancer tissues and adjacent non-can-cerous tissues, and to explore the ALEX1 genetic influ-ence on cell proliferation,cycle and apoptosis of human cervical cancer cell line HeLa. Methods ALEX1 protein expression in cervical cancers and in non-can-cerous cervical tissues was evaluated using immunohis-tochemical method. A small interference RNA targeting ALEX1 gene was transfected into HeLa cells′, and the effect of ALEX1 interference on HeLa cells′ cycle and apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry. The effect of ALEX1 interference on HeLa cells′ proliferation and sensitivity to resveratrol was analysed by CCK-8 assay. Results ALEX1 protein expression was significantly increased in cervical cancer tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues. HeLa cells′proliferation was inhibi-ted compared with control group and blank group. He-La cells′ sensitivity to resveratrol was enhanced com-pared with control group blank group. Conclution SiRNA silencing of ALEX1 gene could significantly in-hibit HeLa cells′ proliferation and enhance resveratrol ability of inhibiting HeLa cells′proliferation.

Correlation between eosinophils and glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in obese children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the association of eosinophils with glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in obese children. Methods A total of 180 subjects,102 boys and 78 girls,aged 7 to 14 years were enrolled in General Hospital,Tianjin Medical University. The subjects were divided into 3 quartiles according to eosinophil percentage. E1 (0 to<37% of eosinophils),E2(37% to<73% of eosinophils),and E3(73% to 100% of eosinophils). Forty-six chil-dren were selected as control group with matched age and sex (26 boys and 20 girls). The body weight,height,waist circumference,blood pressure,blood routine examination,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting insulin (FINS),and blood lipid in 4 groups were measured. The values of glucose and lipid metabolism and the indexes of physical examina-tion were compared among each group. Results The values of eosinophil percentage,body mass index (BMI),trig-ly-ceride,total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FINS, FPG,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) and waist circumference in E1,E2,E3 group were significantly higher than those in control group,and the value of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower than that in control group,and there were significant differences (all P<0. 05). The blood pressure was significantly higher in E1 groups than that in other 3 groups (all P<0. 05). The values of BMI and HOMA-IR in E1 group were higher than those of E3 group(all P<0. 05). Eosinophil percentage was positively correlated with FINS (r=0. 190,P=0. 01),and negatively correlated with BMI and HOMA-IR(r=-0. 259,-0. 190 respectively,all P<0. 05). Conclusions Obese children have emerged glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Peripheral eosinophil percentage may be an early marker of insulin resistance.

Diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

With the obesity epidemic,children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)signifi-cantly increased throughout the world,screening and diagnosis of T2DM in the high - risk population is very important. In addition to lifestyle modification,the recommended optimal pharmacologic treatment of children and adolescents with T2DM is Metformin and Insulin. To reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases,should fully understand the comorbidities and complications of T2DM,and take better assessment and management.

HO-1 expression in adipose tissue of obese young SD rats and its role in inflammation and anti-inflammatory mechanism / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the change of HO-1 expression in adipose tissue of obese young SD rats as well as its relationship with macrophage infiltration and polarization. Methods Three-week old SD rats (n=24) were randomly divided into 2 groups, routine diet group (NC) and high fat diet group (FC). After feeding 4 weeks, triglyceride (TG), high den?sity lipoprotein (HDL-C), fasting glucose and insulin were compared between these two groups and the insulin resistance in?dex was calculated. The gene expressions of HO-1, IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1 were assessed by quantitative PCR. Infiltration and polarization of macrophages and M2 macrophages in the visceral adipose tissue were examined by immunohistochemis?try. Results The levels of FINS, FBG and HOMA-IR in rats of FC group were higher than those of rats in NC group after 4 weeks feeding (P0.05) in MOD value of F4/80 and CD206 between these two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The infiltration of macrophage in visceral adipose tissue of obese young SD rats significantly increased while HO-1 expression was reactively increased. This insinuated that HO-1 might play an important role in anti-inflammatory mechanism through regulating polar?ization of macrophages.

Effect of overexpression ALEX1 on proliferation and apoptosis / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of ALEX1 overexpression on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.Methods: MCF-7 cells were infected recombinant lentivirus LV5-ALEX1 and the negative control lentivirus LV5-NC,respectively.After 72 h, the expression of ALEX1 was detected by Real-Time PCR and Western blot.CCK8 assay were performed to observe the proliferation ability after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h.The effect of overexpression ALEX1 on apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry.The level of Bax,BCL-2 and active caspase3 was detected by Western blot.Results:The mRNA level of ALEX1 markedly increased after 72 h(165.81±12.14 vs 52.29±2.32,P<0.01).In CCK8 assay,the results revealed that the cell pro-liferation was inhibited compared with control group in 48 h,72 h,96 h( P<0.05).The results revealed that overexpression of ALEX1 enhanced MCF-7 apoptosis(20.55%±2.50 % vs 3.60%±1.614%,P<0.05).The results by Western blot showed that the protein levels of Bax and active caspase were increased in LV5-ALEX1 group compared with LV5-NC group.However,the protein levels of BCL-2 was decreased in LV5-ALEX1 group compared with LV5-NC group.Conclusion:Overexpression of ALEX1 significantly reduced MCF-7 cancer cells proliferation and induced MCF-7 cells apoptosis.

A proposal for the cutoff point of waist-to-height for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents in six areas of China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to determine the optimal cutoff point of Waist-to-height (WHtR) for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents in six areas of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety thousand two hundred and eighty four children aged 6 to 15 years old from 6 areas, including Beijing, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Chongqing and Nanning in China, were surveyed in a random cluster sample. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to determine the optimal cutoff values of WHtR for detecting the children and adolescents with two or more risk factors of MS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimal WHtR cutoff values derived from the ROC analysis was 85(th) and 80(th) percentiles in males and females, with 6-15 years of age, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity under these cutoff values were 35.78% and 85.41% in males and 49.21% and 79.87% in females, for 6-9 years of age, while the sensitivity and specificity were 49.60% and 85.90% in males and 47.01% and 80.07% in females for 10-15 years of age. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for WHtR 85(th) percentile were 0.61 and 0.64 in males and females for 6-9 years of age, and 0.68 and 0.63 in males and females for 10-15 years of age. The AUCs for WHtR 85(th) percentile in both genders were significantly larger than that for WHtR 90(th) percentile for 10-15 years of age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings indicated that the 85(th) percentile of WHtR (0.48 in both genders for 6-9 years of age, 0.48 in males and 0.46 in females for 10-15 years of age) might be an appropriate cutoff to predict the children and adolescents with two or more risk factors.</p>

Effects of Bmi-1 gene suppression on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell biology behavior / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of small inter-ference RNA-mediated silcencing of the Bmi-1 gene on cell invasion and metastasis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-1 . Methods Chemically syn-thesized siRNA targeting the Bmi-1 gene was transfect-ed into CNE-1 cells, which had high invasive and me-tastatic potential. The expression of Bmi-1 mRNA and protein were detected by quantative Real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The effects of Bmi-1 knockdown on CNE-1 cells migration and invasion were analysied by Transwell migration assay and Matrigel in-vasion assay. Results Transfected with Bmi-1 siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of Bmi-1 mRNA and protein as compared with the control group. CNE-1 cells transfected with Bmi-1 siRNA had lower levels of invasion and migration capacity than cells in the control group. Conclusion SiRNA-media-ted silencing of the Bmi-1 gene could significantly in-hibit cell migration and invasion in human nasopharyn-geal carcinoma cell line CNE-1 .

Clinical Significance of Serum TSAb and TSBAb in Children with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease / 天津医药

Objective To study clinical value and significance of thyroid receptor stimulating antibody (TSAb) and thyroid stimulating-blocking antibody (TSBAb) on diagnosis and treatment for children with Graves’disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Methods Eighty-eight children with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and treatment time less six months were divided into GD group (n=55) and HT group (n=33). Thirty-eight healthy children were used as control (Normal group). Human serum TSAb ELISA kit and human TSBAb ELISA kit were used to detect the serum TSAb and serum TSBAb in three groups. The serum levels of TSAb and TSBAb were compared between three groups. The correla? tion between TSAb and TSBAb, TSAb/TSBAb and free triiodothyronine three (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), ultra sensitive thy?roid stimulating hormone (TSH) were analyzed. Results The serum level of TSAb was significantly higher in GD group than that of HT group and Normal group (P0.05). There were no significant correlation between serum TSAb, TSBAb and FT3, FT4, TSH (P>0.05). Conclusion TSAb and TSBAb are related to the pathogenesis of GD and HT in children. TSAb and TSBAb have an important clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment for children with GD and HT.

Evaluation and intervention for early cardiovascular injury in obese children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Obesity in children and adolescents has become a public health problem of global attention.Although children obesity has less significant cardiovascular events,many obese children have early vascular lesion and endothelial dysfunction.Therefore,the risk factors of cardiovascular injury should be evaluated and intervented as soon as possible.

Diagnosis and management of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in children and adolescents / 临床儿科杂志

The most common clinical manifestations of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are goiter and hypothyroidism. The biochemical thyroid function varies quite widely among patients. Anti-TPO antibodies (TPOAbs) are the most sensitive index to screen HT. The thyroid function deteriorates gradually, and the hypothyroidism is the permanent sequeala of HT. The natural history of HT in children and adolescents is not fully known, and monitoring of thyroid function for all patients should be long-term. Children with hypothyroidism should be treated with levothyroxine replacement therapy.

Glucose metabolism in preterm infants and its test / 临床儿科杂志

Because of their physiological and anatomical immaturity, premature infants are prone to disorders of glucose metabolism. In the ifrst week after birth, infants have the greater risk of abnormal glucose metabolism. Compared with term infants, the glucose/insulin homeostasis of preterm infants is very different. This article reviewed the characteristics of glycometabolism in premature infant and the methods of glucose test.

The association of epidermal fatty acid binding protein with obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular dis-eases in children / 临床儿科杂志

Objective To study the relationship between the level of serum epithelial fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) and cardiovascular disease in obese children. Methods Thirty children with metabolic syndrome (MS), 32 obesity children with no MS and 50 healthy children were recruited. Serum E-FABP and glucose/lipid metabolic indices were measured. Results Com-pared with the healthy children, levels of serum E-FABP in MS children were signiifcantly elevated (P=0.001). Compared with obesity children, levels of serum E-FABP of MS children were elevated, but the difference was not signiifcant (P>0.05). The cor-relations of E-FABP with waist to hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, atherogenic index, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index were positive (P<0.05). According to the multivariate stepwise regression analysis, E-FABP was the independent risk of atherogenic index (P=0.018). Conclusions E-FABP plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis in obesity and MS.

Epidemiologic study on current pubertal development in Chinese school-aged children / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To survey the current status of pubertal development of Chinese children and to compare the precocious puberty prevalence of different regions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted on 18 707 children and adolescents aged 6≊18 y with male/female ratio of 9 812/8 895 from 6 representative geographical areas in China, including Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Chongqing and Nanning. The height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference(HC) and sexual maturation states (Tanner stages: breast stages for girls and testicular volume for boys) of children and adolescents were measured. Probit analysis was used to calculate the median age and 95% confidence interval (CI) for onset of breast and testicular development. The prevalence of precocious puberty of different regions and BMI, waist circumference of different groups were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Breast development before 8 y was observed in 2.91% of girls, and testicular volume 4 ml or more before 9 y was observed in 1.74% of boys. The median age of onset of Tanner stages 2 for breast development in girls was 9.69 y (95% CI: 9.63≊ 9.75); the median age of onset of puberty as indicated by Tanner stages 2 for testicular development in boys was 11.25 y (95%CI:11.19≊ 11.30). The prevalence of precocious puberty (43 girls and 37 boys) was 0.43% (80/18 707). The prevalence of precocious puberty in northern region was higher than that in southwest region (0.736% compared with 0.282% P<0.05). There was no difference in onset age of precocious puberty in girls among three regions; but the onset age of precocious puberty in boys was earlier in east China [(7.4±0.28)y]. The SD values of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (W/H) in precocious puberty children were higher than those in the peer normal children. There was no difference in BMI,waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio in the precocious puberty children among different regions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The current diagnostic criteria of precocious puberty are suitable for the children in the survey areas. The prevalence and the onset age of precocious puberty are various in different regions. A positive association between obesity and precocious puberty is found both in boys and girls.</p>

Exploration on graduate management mode based on scientific research innovation platform / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to strengthen the graduate management in scientific research platform and to ensure the quality of graduate training,the ideological and moral education was invigorated through establishing virtual party branch,the behavior was regulated through establishing and amplifying the daily management system,the student interests were protected through establishing financial management system and the cultivation quality was guaranteed through perfecting the academic management system.Satisfactory results were achieved in molecular medicine and cancer research center in Chongqing Medical University.