case control study of risk factors associated with female breast cancer

To find the association of various risk factors with breast cancer. It was a case-control study. The study was carried out in NORI Hospital Islamabad and Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi between August, 2013 and February, 2014. Two hundred breast cancer patients and 200 control subjects were inducted. A short approved and planned questionnaire was used to collect data regarding basic demographic, menstrual and reproductive characteristics of participating females. Cases and controls were then interviewed after taking written consent. Breast cancer patients and control subjects did not differ regarding age [p = 0.15], early menarche [OR for menarche at <13 years vs. >/=13=1.3, 95% CI = 0.84 - 2.02], and history of breast cancer in 1st degree relatives did not increase breast cancer risk [OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.57- 1.74]. Nulliparous women had significantly higher risk than parous women [OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.22 - 4.84] and women with late menopause compared to women with early onset of menopause were also at higher risk for breast cancer [OR for menopause at >/= 50 vs. < 50 = 5.16, 95% CI = 2.59 - 10.29]. Nulliparity and menopausal age of more than 50 years was associated with increased breast cancer risk. Breastfeeding and age less than 25 years at first live birth was not protective against breast cancer

Efficacy of Tukhm-e-Kahu [seeds of lactuca scariola linn.] on mixed anxiety depressive disorder. [a randomized placebo controlled double-blind trial]

Objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of seeds of Lactuca scariola Linn, on DSM IV defined mixed anxiety depressive disorder. This study was carried out by conducting a 8 weeks, double blind, placebo controlled trial at New Delhi. A total of 54 patients were registered randomly in test group [N=30] and placebo group [N=24]. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the 14-item Hamilton Rating scale for anxiety and 17-item Hamilton Rating scale for depression respectively. Reduction in the total score was statistically analyzed and adverse event tabulated. The test drug was found to be comparably effective and superior to placebo in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms. Statistically significant improvement was observed in the test group [p<0.001] in both anxiety and depression. But a marginal significant improvement was observed in anxiety in placebo group

Geriatric care in unani system of medicine a prophylaxis

Aging is inevitable and getting old in a healthy way is everybody's dream. Loss of memory, osteoarthritis, cataract, benign prostate hypertrophy, psychological disorders and other degenerative changes are few examples of diseases coming as part and parcel with old age. Unani system of medicine offers certain principles known as Asbab-e-sitta zarooriya or six essential requisites of life. These when kept in balance, not only keep one healthy but delay the process of aging. Apart from this there are recommendations of certain Ilaj-bittadabeer [Regimental therapy], and Ilaj-bil-ghiza [Dietotherapy] to rejuvenate the body system. There are certain drugs in Unani system of medicine which are now proven to have antioxidant properties, used for protection of Hararat-e-ghariziya [Vital Power]. In this paper, all this will be presented in a systematic and practical way under the following headings: Asbab-e-sitta zarooriya [Six essential requisites of life] llaj bit tadabeer [Regimental therapy]. Ilaj bil ghiza [Dietotherapy]. llaj bil dawa [Drug therapy]. These when followed will act as a prophylaxis for delaying the process of aging and preventing old age diseases