Evaluation of Th17 associated antigen in Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A comparative study in acute versus chronic human cutaneous Leishmaniasis using immunohistochemistry

@#There are little information about Th17 cells and cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), due to an important effect of Th17 cells on immune response, it is worth to explore the role of Th17 on CL. The purpose of this study was to assess Th17 population in patients with acute vs. chronic CL lesions in comparison with skin samples collected from healthy volunteers in an endemic region of Old World CL. A total of 49 patients with clinical manifestations of chronic (n=16) and acute (n=33) CL lesions were recruited. The clinical diagnosis of CL was confirmed by direct smear or PCR. Biopsy specimens from prelesional skin of non-infectious lesions of 30 healthy individuals were used as control. Tissue sections of 3μm thickness were prepared and used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis with primary antibody specific for Th17 associated antigen (CD161). For IHC, Envision+ (DakoCytomation) system was used and developed by using diaminobenzidine (DakoCytomation). The mean age of 33 patients with acute CL and the mean age of 16 patients with chronic CL were accordingly 45.24±16.43 and 33.56±15.87. In acute and chronic CL the mean (±standard deviation) and median (±interquartile range) were accordingly 2.92±2.21, 2.56±2.9 and 2.1±1.99, 1.54±2.81. In healthy controls the mean (±standard deviation) and median (±interquartile range) were 0.72±0.41 and 0.61±0.58 respectively. With pairwise comparison of acute, chronic and control groups, there were significant difference between acute and control (P value < 0.001), chronic and control (P value = 0.043). The results showed that there was an increasing cellular response of Th17 in both acute and chronic CL patients. Th17 was significantly higher in patients with acute and chronic CL lesions in comparison with healthy control group. However, there was no significant difference between acute and chronic infection concerning to Th17 cells.

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of prazosin conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for drug delivery of flutamide

In the current work, a sustained drug delivery system of flutamide (FLT) was developed using Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) decorated bypoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafted prazosin (PLGA-PEG-Praz) as a targeting moiety. In a multi-step reaction, PLGA was linked to PEG and prazosin. The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR. Flutamide-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The nanoparticles were evaluated for size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, drug crystallinity, loading efficiency, and release properties. Also, the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and Powder X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD). The particle size of nanoparticles was ranged between 191 and 249 nm. Loading efficiency of nanoparticles was about 43%-69%. Results showed a steady release rate for nanoparticles compared to that of a pure drug powder. SEM characterization confirmed that particles were in nanosize range. DSC and XRPD results verified a decrease in drug crystallinity in the prepared formulations. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that PLGA-PEG-Praz nanoparticles could be a good choice to improve the physicochemical properties of the drug and these formulations can increase Flutamide efficacy.

A framework to assess management performance in district health systems: a qualitative and quantitative case study in Iran / Um modelo para avaliar a gestão dos distritos sanitários no Irã: um estudo de caso qualitativo e quantitativo / Un marco para evaluar el desempeño de la gestión en el área de sistemas de salud: un estudio de caso cualitativo y cuantitativo en Irán

The aim was to design a district health management performance framework for Iran's healthcare system. The mixed-method study was conducted between September 2015 and May 2016 in Tabriz, Iran. In this study, the indicators of district health management performance were obtained by analyzing the 45 semi-structured surveys of experts in the public health system. Content validity of performance indicators which were generated in qualitative part were reviewed and confirmed based on content validity index (CVI). Also content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated using data acquired from a survey of 21 experts in quantitative part. The result of this study indicated that, initially, 81 indicators were considered in framework of district health management performance and, at the end, 53 indicators were validated and confirmed. These indicators were classified in 11 categories which include: human resources and organizational creativity, management and leadership, rules and ethics, planning and evaluation, district managing, health resources management and economics, community participation, quality improvement, research in health system, health information management, epidemiology and situation analysis. The designed framework model can be used to assess the district health management and facilitates performance improvement at the district level.

O estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo para avaliar a gestão dos distritos sanitários no sistema de saúde iraniano. Um estudo de métodos mistos foi realizado entre setembro de 2015 e maio de 2016 em Tabriz, Irã. Os indicadores de desempenho da gestão dos distritos sanitários foram obtidos a partir da análise de 45 entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas no sistema público de saúde. A validade do conteúdo dos indicadores de desempenho gerados pelo componente qualitativo foi revisada e confirmada com base no índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC). A razão de validade de conteúdo (RVC) foi calculada com os dados adquiridos em entrevistas com 21 especialistas durante a etapa quantitativa. Os resultados do estudo indicam que, inicialmente, 81 indicadores foram considerados no modelo de desempenho de gestão dos distritos sanitários, e que, no final, 53 indicadores foram validados e confirmados. Estes indicadores foram classificados em 11 categorias: recursos humanos e criatividade organizacional, gestão e liderança, regras e ética, planejamento e avaliação, gestão distrital, gestão de recursos de saúde e economia, participação comunitária, melhoria de qualidade, pesquisa no sistema de saúde, gestão da informação em saúde, epidemiologia e análise situacional. O modelo projetado pode ser usado para avaliar a gestão dos distritos sanitários, além de facilitar a melhoria do desempenho em nível distrital.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue diseñar un marco para evaluar el desempeño de la gestión en el ámbito de la salud dentro del sistema de salud iraní. Se realizó un método mixto de estudio entre septiembre 2015 y mayo 2016 en Tabriz, Irán. En este estudio, los indicadores del desempeño en la gestión dentro del ámbito de la salud se obtuvieron analizando 45 encuestas semiestructuradas de expertos en el sistema público de salud. Los indicadores de rendimiento, respecto a la validez del contenido que se generaron en la parte cualitativa, fueron revisados y confirmados basándose en el índice de validez de contenido (IVC). Asimismo, el content validity ratio (CVR) se calculó usando datos obtenidos de una encuesta a 21 expertos en la parte cuantitativa del estudio. El resultado del mismo indicó que, inicialmente, se consideraron 81 indicadores en el marco del desempeño de la gestión en el ámbito de la salud y, al final, se validaron 53 indicadores y confirmados. Estos indicadores se clasificaron en 11 categorías que incluían: rescusos humanos y creatividad organizativa, gestión y liderazgo, reglas y ética, planificación y evaluación, gestión de área, gestión de recursos de salud y económicos, participación en la comunidad, mejora de la calidad, investigación en sistemas de salud, gestión de información sobre la salud, epidemiología y análisis de situación. El modelo de marco diseñado puede ser usado para evaluar la gestión en el ámbito de la salud y facilitar la mejora del desempeño en el ámbito municipal.

Effects of neurofeedback on the short-term memory and continuous attention of patients with moderate traumatic brain injury: A preliminary randomized controlled clinical trial / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>There are some studies which showed neurofeedback therapy (NFT) can be effective in clients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) history. However, randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed for evaluation of this treatment as a standard option. This preliminary study was aimed to evaluate the effect of NFT on continuous attention (CA) and short-term memory (STM) of clients with moderate TBI using a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this preliminary RCT, seventeen eligible patients with moderate TBI were randomly allocated in two intervention and control groups. All the patients were evaluated for CA and STM using the visual continuous attention test and Wechsler memory scale-4th edition (WMS-IV) test, respectively, both at the time of inclusion to the project and four weeks later. The intervention group participated in 20 sessions of NFT through the first four weeks. Conversely, the control group participated in the same NF sessions from the fifth week to eighth week of the project.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight subjects in the intervention group and five subjects in the control group completed the study. The mean and standard deviation of participants' age were (26.75 ± 15.16) years and (27.60 ± 8.17) years in experiment and control groups, respectively. All of the subjects were male. No significant improvement was observed in any variables of the visual continuous attention test and WMS-IV test between two groups (p ≥ 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Based on our literature review, it seems that our study is the only study performed on the effect of NFT on TBI patients with control group. NFT has no effect on CA and STM in patients with moderate TBI. More RCTs with large sample sizes, more sessions of treatment, longer time of follow-up and different protocols are recommended.</p>

Some physicochemical and rheological properties of Zedo [Farsi] gum exudates from Amygdalus scoparia

Background and Objectives: Zedo gum is exuded in three colours [white, yellow, and red] from Amygdalus scoparia. It is used in both food and non-food industries, as well as in traditional medicine. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical and rheological properties of Zedo gum

Materials and Methods: Zedo gum was collected in Sirjan and classified into three groups, based on colour [samples W, Y, and R]. Their soluble parts were separated by centrifuging the dispersions and freeze-drying the supernatants. Surface tension was determined using Du Nouy ring method and NMR spectroscopy was carried out using a Varian Inova-500 MHz spectrometer. Gel Permeation chromatography was used for determining molecular weight and rheological data were obtained with a Physica MCR 301 rheometer

Results: Surface tension decreased as the concentration decreased, except for sample R that had a maximum point at 1 %. The molecular weight of sample W was the highest, while its dispersity was the lowest. NMR spectroscopy indicated that Ara residues variously were linked to alpha -Araf residues, and Gal residues were determined as terminal alpha -Gal residues. Intrinsic viscosity values for samples W, Y, and R were 7.14+/-0.13, 6.45+/-0.11 and 5.40+/-0.15dl/gr, respectively. Rheological results showed that viscosity was inversely proportional to temperature and directly to concentration

Conclusions: As three samples of Zedo gum had different characteristics, colour can be a good tool in trade

Hearing function after betahistine therapy in patients with Ménière's disease / Função auditiva após terapia com beta-histina em pacientes com doença de Ménière

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Preventing or reversing hearing loss is challenging in Ménière's disease. Betahistine, as a histamine agonist, has been tried in controlling vertigo in patients with Ménière's disease, but its effectiveness on hearing problems is not known. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of betahistine on hearing function in not-previously-treated patients with Ménière's disease and to define possible contributors in this regard. METHODS: A total of 200 not-previously-treated patients with definite unilateral Ménière's disease received betahistine by mouth (initial dose, 16 mg three times a day; maintenance dose, 24-48 mg daily in divided doses). Changes in indicators of hearing status before and six months after treatment were documented. Hearing loss was considered as the mean hearing level >25 dB HL at five frequencies. RESULTS: The mean duration of disease was 3.37 years. Six months after treatment the mean hearing level decreased by 6.35 dB compared to that at the baseline (p < 0.001). Both patients' age and the duration of disease correlated negatively with the improvement in hearing function. Post treatment hearing loss was independently associated with age, the initial hearing level and the chronicity of disease. The corresponding optimal cut-off points for predicating a persistent hearing loss 6 months after treatment were 47 years, 38 dB HL, and 1.4 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Oral betahistine was significantly effective in preventing/reversing hearing deterioration in patients with Ménière's disease. Age, the hearing level on admission, and the disease duration were independent predictors of hearing status after treatment.

Resumo Introdução: Prevenir ou reverter a perda auditiva é um desafio na doença de Ménière. A betahistina, um agonista de histamina, tem sido testada no controle de vertigem em pacientes com doença de Ménière, mas sua eficácia em problemas de audição ainda não é conhecida. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da betahistina na função auditiva em pacientes com doença de Ménière não tratados previamente, e definir possíveis contribuintes a esse respeito. Método: Um total de 200 pacientes sem tratamento prévio, e com diagnóstico definido de doença de Ménière unilateral, recebeu beta-histina por via oral (dose inicial de 16 mg três vezes ao dia; dose de manutenção de 24-48 mg por dia, em doses divididas). Alterações dolimiar auditivo antes e após seis meses de tratamento foram documentadas. Considerou-se como perda auditiva uma média do nível de audição > 25 dB NA em cinco frequências. Resultados: A média de duração da doença foi de 3,37 anos. Seis meses após o tratamento, a média do limiar auditivo diminuiu em 6,35 dB, em comparação com o valor da linha de base (p < 0,001). Tanto a idade dos pacientes quanto a duração da doença apresentaram correlação negativa com a melhora da função auditiva. A perda auditiva após o tratamento foi independentemente associada à idade, ao nível inicial de audição e à cronicidade da doença. Os pontos de corte ótimos correspondentes para prever uma perda auditiva persistente seis meses após o tratamento foram 47 anos, 38 dB HL e 1,4 ano, respectivamente. Conclusão: A betahistina oral foi significantemente eficaz na prevenção/reversão da deterioração auditiva em pacientes com doença de Ménière. Idade, nível de audição na admissão e duração da doença foram fatores preditivos independentes da condição auditiva após o tratamento.

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: An Optimized Protocol for Isolation and Proliferation.

Background and Aims: Current advances in the researches on the stem cells has opened new approaches for their apply in tissue engineering and clinical trials. The most common sources of stem cells are adult and embryonic stem cells. Due to ethical issues, embryonic stem cells use in research has been hotly debated. Unlike embryonic stem cells, adult stem cell have not ethical problem for clinical and research. The purpose of present study was to stem cells isolation and proliferation from the human dipose tissue. Materials and Methods: In this study, stem cells were successfully isolated from human adipose tissue by digestion with type I collagenase enzymes. In summary, adipose tissue were digested by type I collagenase enzyme. Subsequently, the cell solution was centrifuged for mature adipocytes and debris elimination and obtained sedimentation was cultured in culture medium contains Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) via 1% penicillin/streptomycin antibiotics and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37°C, 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Results: in this study, ADSCs were successfully isolated and proliferated. Human ADSCs were able to divide in our culture mediums. Conclusion: The results of the current study were suggesting that this adipose-derived stem cell isolation protocol provides an effective and improved method for isolation and proliferation of these cells in order to tissue engineering application.

Resistance training & beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on hormones / Treinamento de resistência e suplementação de beta-hidroxi-beta-metilbutirato em hormônios / Entrenamiento de resistencia y suplementación de beta-hidroxi-beta-metilbutirato en hormonas

RESUMOIntroduction:In recent years, there was an increased interest on the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on skeletal muscle due to its anti-catabolic effects.Objectives:To investigate the effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, muscular strength and anabolic-catabolic hormones after resistance training.Methods:Twenty amateur male athletes were randomly assigned to supplement and control groups in a double-blind crossover design and participated in four weeks resistance training. Before and after the test period fasting blood samples were obtained to determine anabolic (the growth hormone and testosterone) and catabolic (cortisol) hormones, and fat mass, lean body mass (LBM) and muscular strength were measured. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to analyze data.Results:After the training period, there were no significant differen-ces between the groups with respect to fat mass, LBM and anabolic-catabolic hormones. HMB supplementation resulted in a significantly greater strength gain (p≤0.05).Conclusion:Greater increase in strength for HMB group was not accompanied by body composition and basal circulating anabolic-catabolic hormonal changes. It seems that HMB supplementation may have beneficial effects on neurological adaptations of strength gain.

ABSTRACTIntrodução:Nos últimos anos, houve um aumento no interesse sobre os efeitos da suplementação de beta-hidroxi--beta-metilbutirato (HMB) no musculoesquelético devido aos seus efeitos anticatabólicos.Objetivos:Investigar o efeito da suplementação de HMB na composição corporal, força muscular e hormônios anabólicos-catabólicos após treinamento de resistência.Métodos:Vinte atletas amadores do sexo masculino foram aleatoriamente designados a grupos de su-plemento e de controle em design cruzado duplo-cego, tendo participado de treinamento de resistência durante quatro semanas. Antes e depois do período de teste, foram obtidas amostras de sangue em jejum para determinar os hormônios anabólicos (o hormônio do crescimento e a testosterona) e catabólico (cortisol), tendo a massa adiposa, massa corporal magra (LBM) e força muscular sido mensuradas. Testes t dependentes e independentes foram usados para analisar os dados.Resultados:Após o período de treinamento, não houve nenhuma diferença significativa entre os grupos no que diz respeito à massa adiposa, LBM e hormônios anabólicos-catabólicos. A suplementação de HMB resultou em um ganho de força significativamente maior (p<0,05).Conclusão:O maior aumento na força no grupo HMB não foi acompanhado por alterações na composição corporal e alterações hormonais anabólicas-catabólicas basais na circulação. Parece que a suplementação de HMB pode ter efeitos benéficos sobre as adaptações neurológicas do ganho de força.

RESUMENIntroducción:En los últimos años hubo un aumento en el interés sobre los efectos de la suplementación de beta-hidroxi-beta-metilbutirato (HMB) en el músculo esquelético debido a sus efectos anticatabólicos.Objetivos:Investigar el efecto de la suplementación de HMB en la composición corporal, fuerza muscular y hormonas ana-bólicas-catabólicas después de entrenamiento de resistencia.Métodos:Veinte atletas amateurs del sexo masculino fueron aleatoriamente designados a grupos de suplemento y de control en un diseño cruzado doble ciego, habiendo participado en entrenamiento de resistencia durante cuatro semanas. Antes y después del período de test, fueron obtenidas muestras de sangre en ayunas para determinar las hormonas anabólicas (la hormona del crecimiento y la testosterona) y catabólica (cortisol), habiendo sido medidas la masa adiposa, masa corporal magra (LBM) y fuerza muscular. Los Tests-t dependientes e independientes fueron usados para analizar los datos.Resultados:Des-pués del período de entrenamiento, no hubo ninguna diferencia significativa entre los grupos en lo que se refiere a la masa adiposa, LBM y hormonas anabólicas-catabólicas. La suplementación de HMB resultó en un aumento de fuerza significativamente mayor (p<0,05).Conclusión:El mayor aumento en la fuerza en el grupo HMB no fue acompañado por alteraciones en la composición corporal y alteraciones hormonales anabólicas-catabólicas ba-sales en la circulación. Parece que la suplementación de HMB puede tener efectos benéficos sobre las adaptaciones neurológicas del aumento de fuerza.

Transseptal approach versus left atrial approach to mitral valve: a propensity score matching study

Background: Many patients with mitral valve diseases need surgical procedures for the repair or replacement of their mitral valve. There is a great deal of controversy over the outcomes of the transseptal [TS] and left atrial [LA] approaches to the mitral valve. We sought to evaluate the outcomes of each approach more accurately by eliminating the possible biases in case selection and matching

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who had surgery for mitral valve diseases via either the TS approach or the LA approach between 2004 and 2011 in Tehran Heart Center. Patients with surgical approaches other than the TS and LA were excluded. To control for the confounding effects, a propensity score matching technique was applied and the patients were matched for 14 demographic and preoperative variables. After the selection of controls, the effect of the TS approach [163 patients] versus the LA approach [652 patients] on the outcomes was presented through odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence intervals [CI]

Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.15 +/- 12.02 years in the TS group and 52.93 +/- 13.56 years in the LA group. Females comprised 119 [73.0%] patients in the TS group and 462 [70.9%] in the LA group. There was a significant association in the prevalence of new postoperative atrial fibrillation in the two groups [OR = 1.539, 95%CI: 1.072-2.210; p value = 0.019]. Temporary pacemaker placement had no statistically significant difference between the two groups [p value= 0.418]. The TS patients had significantly longer pump [p value < 0.001] and cross-clamp [p value < 0.001] times. The mortality rate was 4.1% [27 patients] in the LA group and 6.1% [10 patients] in the TS group [p value = 0.274]

Conclusion: In our study population, the TS approach was associated with higher pump and cross-clamp times as well as risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation, but it did not increase the rates of permanent pacemaker placement, re-operations, and mortality

[Effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on plasma level of agouti-related protein, glycated hemoglobin and glucose in non-active type II diabetic women]

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the most common type of metabolic diseases which is characterized with hyperglycemia due to implicit or relative insulin deficiency. Diabetes mellitus is acutely related to obesity. Agouti-related protein [AGRP] has 132 amino acids and increases appetite in humans. This study was done to determine the effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on plasma level of agouti-related protein, glycated hemoglobin and glucose in non-active type II diabetic women

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 female diabetic patients were divided into exercise and control groups. The training program was performed 3 sessions a week in course of 8 weeks, each session was last for 60 minutes, and the controls did not have any exercise. The plasma level of agouti-related protein, glycated hemoglobin and glucose were measured

Results: There was no significant alteration in the level of AGRP, HbA1c and glucose in either exercise or control groups. There was no significant relation between AGRP with glucose, AGRP with HbA1c and HbA1c with glucose in the exercise and control groups

Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic exercise is not enough for making any changes on plasma level of AGRP, HbA1c and glucose in non-active type II diabetic women

Pituitary Glioblastoma: a case report

Introduction: Pituitary adenomas have been the most common sellaturcica tumors. There have been many unusual types of pituitary tumors that might neglect by radiologists and clinicians. One of these tumors would be the malignant glioma

Case Presentation: A 62-year-old male has complained from sudden frontal headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased vision, blurred vision and double vision. In skull radiographic, there was an expansion of sellaturcica and a lesion with clear border on T1; heterogeneous; iso - to hypotense; size about 3/5 × 2/5 cm with no surrounding edema that it has homogeneously attracted contrast Lesion, that shown a signal hypointensity on T2 with heterogeneous enhancement. In the coronal sections, the tumor expanded to the suprasellar region and optic chiasmatic that has compressed especially on the left side. Partial tumor resection has conducted. The surgery has done by a transsphenoidal approach. The pathologist has diagnosed a glioblastoma. This diagnosis has confirmed using immunohistochemistry technique

Conclusions: There have been many unusual types of pituitary tumors that might neglect by radiologists and clinicians. One of these tumors would be the malignant glioma

Fibrin Scaffolds Designing in order to Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation to Chondrocytes in the Presence of TGF-beta3

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the most cellular source used for cartilage tissue engineering are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In present study, human MSCs were used as cellular source. Since scaffold plays an important role in tissue engineering the aim of this study is to assess fibrin scaffold ability in chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). METHODS: ADMSCs were isolated and cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Also ADMSCs expanded and characterised by flow cytometry. ADMSCs expressed CD44, CD90, CD105 but not CD34. After trypsinization, cells were entered within the fibrin scaffold. Then, chondrogenic medium was added to the scaffold. Seven days after cell culture, cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT test. Finally, 14 days after the ending of chondrogenic differentiation, analysis of chondrogenic genes expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and Real time PCR. Also, formation and development of chondrocyte cells was analysed by histological and immunohistochemistry evaluations. RESULTS: Viability and proliferation as well as chondrogenic genes expression within fibrin scaffold increased significantly compared with control group (cells free scaffold). Also, histological and immunohistochemistry evaluation showed that chondrocyte cells and collagen type II are formed on fibrin scaffold. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrin is a suitable scaffold for chondrogenic differentiation of ADMSCs.

Relationship between levels of lipids and lipoprotein B-100 in maternal serum and umbilical cord serum and assessing their effects on newborn infants anthropometric indices

This study aimed to determine the relationship between lipid and apolipoprotein B-100 [apo B-100] levels in maternal and umbilical cord sera as well as the effects of these components on anthropometric measurements of newborn infants. This correlational study was performed on 85 appropriate for gestational age [AGA] newborns and their mothers. For analysis, 5 ml of maternal blood and 5 ml of umbilical venous cord blood were obtained during labor and immediately after delivery, respectively. Sera were separated by centrifugation and analyzed on the same day for estimation of lipid profile including total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and apolipoprotein B-100. Also, anthropometric indices of newborn infants were measured and recorded. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between variables. There was a positive correlation between maternal and neonatal serum TC levels [r=0.23, P=0.042]. Maternal LDL-C level was positively correlated with neonatal HDL-C [r=0.24, P=0.035], TC [r=0.29, P=0.01], and apolipoprotein B-100 levels [r=0.25, P=0.031]. A significant positive correlation was observed between maternal apolipoprotein B-100 level and neonatal TC [r=0.26, P=0.019], HDL-C [r=0.23, P=0.043], and apolipoprotein B-100 levels [r=0.24, P=0.038]. Maternal TG level was positively correlated with neonatal crown-heel length [r=0.27, P=0.018] and birth weight [r=0.23, P=0.039]. However, maternal HDL-C level was negatively correlated with neonatal birth weight [r=-0.29, P=0.01] and chest circumference [r=-0.27, P=0.019]. A significant negative correlation was found between cord blood TG level and newborn's head circumference [r=- 0.23 P=0.046]. Maternal lipid profile can affect neonatal lipid level and anthropometric measurements.

Central venous line and acute neurological deficit: a case series

Central venous catheter [CVC] insertion is a practical way to assess patients hemodynamic specially in cardiovascular surgery but this relatively simple junior level procedure is not risk free and its common reported complications include; pneumothorax, hydrothorax, hemothorax, local hematoma, cardiac tamponade, vascular injury, thrombosis, embolism, and catheter disruption. Here in this article we are going to present 6 patients with very unusual presentation of CVC complication which was neurological deficit presented by agitation, unconsciousness, disorientation to time and place and hemiparesis. All patients undergone neurologic consult and brain computed tomography. Final diagnosis was brain ischemic damage and finally we kept them on conservative management; fortunately we did not have any permanent damage

Chronic low back pain due to retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma

Abdominal cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign neoplasm. Less than 1% of lymphangiomas is in the retroperitoneum. Lymphangioma is mostly asymptomatic. Chronic symptoms were reported in retroperitoneal type more than others. Acute symptoms due to complications like infection, cyst rupture or hemorrhage may occur. We report an 18-years-old girl with low back pain from 6 months ago with huge pelvic mass and diagnosis of retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma

[ Relationship between Static and Dynamic Postural Stability Index and Anthropometrics Index in Healthy Men and Women with Normal BMI Index]

Background: Changing in anthropometrics index can cause a reduction in the balance of body and may be considered as a contributing factor in falling down. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between body mass index [BMI] and static and dynamic postural balance among healthy subjects.

Materials and Methods: Fifty healthy male and female University students were selected through simple non-probability sampling. Static and dynamic stability index were measured by means of Biodex Balance System and also a tape measure and non-digital scale were used to examine Anthropometrics index. Obtained data were analyzed through Independent t-test and Pearson Correlation test[p<0.05].

Results: Results did not show a significant correlation between static stability index and BMI among male and female groups [p>0.05] [for example: the overall static stability index r= 0.21, p=0.30 in male group] while, there was observed a significant correlation between dynamic stability index and BMI, Weight and Height variables among male and female groups [p<0.05] [for example: the overall dynamic stability index r= 0.54, p= 0.005 in male group]. Besides, there was an adverse significant correlation between the range of stability index and BMI [for example: the overall limit of dynamic stability r=-0.45, p=0.02 in male group].

Conclusion: present results indicated that there are a direct relationship between dynamic stability and anthropometrics indexes and also, an indirect relationship between the range of stability and anthropometrics indexes.

Estudo comparativo de respostas cardiovasculares para dois intervalos de recuperação entre exercícios resistidos em circuito em mulheres normotensas / A comparative study of cardiovascular responses to two rest intervals between circuit resistance exercises in normotensive women

INTRODUÇÃO: A hipertensão é uma desordem cardiovascular que acomete aproximadamente um bilhão de indivíduos no mundo e representa um importante fator de risco para doença cardiovascular. OBJETIVO: Comparar as respostas cardiovasculares durante recuperação após dois protocolos de exercícios resistidos em circuito (ERC) com diferentes intervalos de recuperação (IR). Doze mulheres normotensas (idade 21,3 ± 1,3, anos; altura 163,5 ± 5,9 cm e peso 57,5 ± 8,9 kg) executaram dois ERC com IR de 30 (IR30s) e 40 (IR40s) segundos entre os exercícios, aleatoriamente. MÉTODOS: Os protocolos consistiram de três circuitos de seis exercícios com 10 repetições máximas (10RM) e dois minutos de recuperação entre os circuitos, seguidos por um período de recuperação ode 60 minutos. As medidas foram tomadas antes do exercício, ao fim do último exercício (R1) e a cada 10 minutos de recuperação pós-exercício (R10, R20, R30, R40, R50 e R60). Análise de variância de medidas repetidas (ANOVA) (grupo x tempo) foi utilizada para analisar os dados, seguida pelo teste post-hoc de Bonferroni, para p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: Em comparação com os valores de recuperação, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), frequência cardíaca (FC) e produto da taxa de pressão (PTP) em R1 após as tentativas de exercício com IR30s e IR40s aumentaram significativamente. Hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE) de PAS foi observada após ERC com IR30s (em R20, R30, R40, R50 e R60) e IR40s (em R30, R40, R50 e R60), enquanto HPE de PAD foi observada somente após ERC com IR30s em R60. Exceto por tempo após ERC com IR30s em R10, nenhuma alteração significativa de FC foi observada em todos os momentos medidos durante os períodos de recuperação das tentativas. PTP retornou aos valores de repouso após as tentativas de exercício em R10, diminuindo significativamente após ERC com IR30s em R60 e após ERC com IR40s em R40, R50 e R60. CONCLUSÃO: Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre as sessões experimentais em níveis pós-exercício de PAS, PAD, FC e PTP em quaisquer dos momentos de medição. Podemos concluir que ERC com IR30s e IR40s entre exercícios pode levar à ocorrência de HPE semelhante à magnitude e duração e fornece respostas cardiovasculares aproximadamente similares após exercício. Nossos achados sugerem um possível benefício para a saúde do treinamento de força.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder which occurs in approximately one billion individuals worldwide and represents an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: Compare the cardiovascular responses during recovery after two protocols of circuit resistance exercises (CRE) with different rest intervals (RI). Twelve normotensive females (aged 21.3 ± 1.3, yrs; height 163.5 ± 5.9 cm and weight 57.5 ± 8.9 kg) performed two CRE with RI of 30 (RI30s) and 40 (RI40s) seconds between the exercises, randomly. METHODS: The protocols consisted of three circuits of six exercises with 10 repetition maximum (10RM) and 2 minute rest between circuits, followed by a 60 minute recovery period. Measurements were taken before exercise, at the end of last exercise (R1) and each 10 min of post-exercise recovery (R10, R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60). The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Repeated Measures (group × time) was used to analyze of data, followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test, for p≤0.05. RESULTS: In comparison of rest values, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) at R1 after exercise trials with RI30s and RI40s increased significantly. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of SBP was observed after CRE with RI30s (at R20, R30, R40, R50 and R60) and RI40s (at R30, R40, R50 and R60), whereas PEH of DBP observed only after CRE with RI30s at R60. Except for time after CRE with RI30s at R10, no significant change of HR was observed in all measured moments during recovery period of trials. RPP returned to the rest values after exercise trials at R10 and then decreased significantly after CRE with RI30s at R60 and after CRE with RI40s at R40, R50 and R60. CONCLUSION: In all measured moments, there were no significant differences between experimental sessions in post-exercise levels of SBP, DBP, HR and RPP. In conclusion, CRE with RI30s and RI40s between the exercises can lead to occurrence of PEH similarly in magnitude and duration and approximately provides same cardiovascular responses after exercise. Our findings suggest a potentially positive health benefit of strength training.

[ comparison of lipid and lipoprotein b-100 [apo b-100] levels in the umbilical cord blood of male and female newborns and the assessment of their impact on neonatal anthropometric indices]

Controversial findings exist regarding the association between neonate gender and umbilical cord blood lipid levels. This study aims to compare the levels of lipids and lipoprotein B-100 in the umbilical cord blood of male and female newborns and assess the impact of these factors on neonatal anthropometric measurements. This cross-sectional study was performed on 75 healthy, term [34 male and 41 female] newborns. A total of 5 ml of umbilical cord blood was obtained immediately after delivery and analyzed on the same day to estimate lipid concentrations and apolipoprotein B-100. Additionally, we measured and recorded neonatal anthropometric indicators. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison of mean values in the two groups. The relationship of cord blood lipid profile with anthropometric data was assessed by the Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression. The cord blood from female newborns had higher levels of low density lipoprotein- cholesterol [LDL-C], high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C] and total cholesterol [TC] compared to male newborns, whereas levels of lipoprotein B-100 and triglyceride [TG] were higher in males compared to female newborns. These differences were not statistically significant. In female newborns there was a significant inverse correlation between TG level and head circumference [P=0.038]. In males, there was no statistically significant association between lipid levels and anthropometric parameters. Gender did not impact lipid and apolipoprotein B-100 levels in newborns. This study showed a significant inverse correlation between TG level and head circumference in female newborns.

Effects of different rest intervals between circuit resistance exercises on post-exercise blood pressure responses in normotensive young males

To investigate the blood pressure responses during recovery after two protocols of circuit resistance exercises [CRE] with different rest intervals [RI]. Eleven normotensive males [aged 19.5 +/- 1.0 yrs, height 172.8 +/- 5.7 cm and weight 65.1 +/- 8.1 kg] performed two CRE with RI of 30 [RI30s] and 40 [RI40s] seconds between the exercises randomly, as well as a control session without exercise. The protocols consisted of 3 circuits of 6 exercises with 10 repetitions maximum [10RM] and 2 minute rest between circuits, followed by an 80 minute recovery period. Measurements were taken before exercise and at each 10 min of post-exercise recovery. The Analysis of Variance [ANOVA] with Repeated Measures [group x time] was used to analyze data, followed by posthoc Bonferroni test, for P < =0.05. Post-exercise hypotension of systolic blood pressure was observed after both CRE with RI30s and RI40s [at R40, R50, R60, R70 and R80], whereas diastolic blood pressure did not differ from that measured at rest. In all measured moments, there was no significant difference between exercise trials in post-exercise levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. CRE with RI30s and RI40s between the exercises can lead to occurrence of PEH similarly in magnitude and duration. Our findings suggest a potentially positive health benefit of strength training

[ role of Lactobacillus bioencapsulated Daphnia magna on the growth and feeding efficiency in Persian sturgeon [Acipenser persicus] larvae]

The use of probiotic bacteria has been suggested as an important strategy to accomplish reproducible outputs through biocontrol in cultivation systems for marine fish larvae and crustaceans. These bacteria have beneficial effects on fish larvae. This study was done to determine the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on the growth and feeding performance of Persian Sturgeon [Acipenser persicus] larvae via bioencapsulation with Daphnia magna. Daphnia magna was enriched by probiotic lactobacillus for 8 hours in three levels of 4.30, 4.60 and 4.78 log of colonies forming unit per milliliter in suspension of broth, and fed by A. persicus larvae in experimental treatments [treatments of T1, T2 and T[3]]. The Persian sturgeon larvae were fed on D. magnaon the base of 30 percent of their body weight for 30 days. The control treatment was fed on unbioencapsulated D. magna. At the termination of the experiment, the whole body samples of the fish were analyzed according to the AOAC procedures [1990]. The probiotic lactobacillus significantly promoted the body weight, levels of crude protein and carcass dry matter of larvae in experimental treatments in comparison with control treatment [p<0.05]. But in the treatment T[3], the crude lipid and crude energy were significantly decreased [p<0.05]. The maximum level of average crude protein in T[3] [70.27 +/- 0.44%] and its minimum in control [68.51 +/- 0.34%] were obtained. This study indicated that the blend of Lactobacillus had an effect on the promotion of some of the growth and feeding parameters in Persian sturgeon larvae