RESUMO
Allergic rhinitis [AR] is an allergic disorder of the nasal tissue that underlies diseases such as sinusitis, otits and asthma. Different predisposing factors including immunological and non-immunological factors contribute to the disease pathogenesis. To investigate association of haptoglobin [Hp] phenotypes [Hp1-1, 2-1 and 2-2] with serum immunoglobulins A and E levels in patients suffering from AR in comparison with healthy individuals. Two hundred and forty patients and 240 healthy individual entered in this case-control study. Serum levels of IgE and IgA were measured and haptoglobulin phenotypes were determined by electrophoresis. The results were evaluated by chi[2] statistical test using SPSS software. Serum electrophoresis showed that the distribution of haptoglobin phenotypes of Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2 among 240 patients were 11.3%, 37.9% and 50.8%, respectively. The distribution of different haptoglobin phenotypes in healthy controls were 88.7%, 36.6% and 54.7%, respectively. However, the difference between patients and controls was not statistically significant [p=0.136]. The mean of IgE level was significantly higher in patients than controls in association with all three phenotypes [p<0.001]. Mean of IgA serum level was also significantly different between case and control groups for Hp1-1 [p<0.048] and Hp2-2 phenotypes [p<0.027]. We conclude that there is an association of all three haptoglobin phenotypes with IgE level. Hp1-1 and Hp2-2 phenotypes showed association with IgA in allergic rhinitis, as well. However, we cannot solely attribute these associations to the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis
RESUMO
Postoperative pain in children is common after adenotonsillectomy. Rectal acetaminophen has been used effectively for postoperative pain management in small children. The aim of this randomized double blind study was to evaluate the prophylactic effect of rectal acetaminophen on postoperative pain management and opioid requirements in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. 104 children, 7 to 15 yr, ASA I or II scheduled for elective adenotonsillectomy were recruited for the study. Patients were randomized to receive either rectal acetaminophen 40 mg/kg or nothing after induction of standard anesthesia. The postoperative pain was assessed using visual analog scale [VAS] every 2 hours for the first 6 hours. The need for rescue analgesic, intravenous pethedine of 0.5 mg/kg, was recorded at 24 hours after surgery. Pain scores were significantly lower in acetaminophen group at different times [p<0.001] and needed less rescue analgesic [p<0.001]. We conclude that prophylactic rectal acetaminophen is effective in reducing pain after adenotonsillectomy and postoperative analgesic requirement