Participación de las mitocondrias, los endosomas y el citoesqueleto en la replicación del virus pixuna

El género Alphavirus es de gran interés epidemiológico ya que sus miembros, incluyendo los virus del "Complejo de Encefalitis Equina Venezolana", pueden provocar importantes enfermedades, tanto en animales domésticos con en el hombre. Durante las últimas décadas se ha registrado un aumento en la incidencia mundial de virus transmitidos por artrópodos (arbovirus), particularmente aquellos transmitidos por mosquitos, como los virus de Encefalitis Equina Venezolana, el Virus Rio Negro, Moyaro, PIXV y Chikunguya, entre otros.

Abstract: The present work is based on the study of the replication mechanisms of Pixuna virus (PIXV), including the participation of the endosomal pathway during viral stripping as well as the mitochondria and cytoskeleton, both microtubules (MTs) and microbilaments (MFLS), in the replication process for the correct location on your replication sites.

Risk groups in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy

Objective To stratify patients with bladder cancer into homogeneous risk groups according to statistically significant differences found in PFS (progression-free survival). To identify those patients at increased risk of progression and to provide oncological follow-up according to patient risk group. Materials and Methods A retrospective study of 563 patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC). In order to determine which factors might predict bladder tumour progression and death, uni- and multivariate analyses were performed. The risk groups were identified according to “inter-category” differences found in PFS and lack of differences, thus revealing intra-category homogeneity. Results Median follow up time was 37.8 months. Recurrence occurred in a total of 219 patients (38, 9%). In 63% of cases this was distant recurrence. Only two variables retained independent prognostic value in the multivariate analysis for PFS: pathological organ confinement and lymph node involvement. By combining these two variables, we created a new “risk group” variable. In this second model it was found that the new variable behaved as an independent predictor associated with PFS. Four risk groups were identified: very low, low, intermediate and high risk: • Very low risk: pT0 N0 • Low risk: pTa, pTis, pT1, pT2 and pN0 • Intermediate risk: pT3 and pN0 • High risk: pT4 N0 or pN1-3. Conclusions We retrospectively identified 4 risk groups with an independent prognostic value for progression-free survival following RC. Differences in recurrence patterns after RC between risk groups have led us to set different intervals in monitoring for cancer. .

Microbicidas para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual: estado actual y estrategias para la evaluación preclínica de nuevos candidatos / Microbicides for preventing sexually transmitted infections: current status and strategies for preclinical evaluation of new candidates

Los microbicidas constituyen una nueva herramienta, todavía en proceso de investigación, que podrían ayudar en la prevención de la infección por los virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (Human immunodeficiency virus: HIV) y de otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Una serie de evidencias ha demostrado que la complejidad de la transmisión sexual de patógenos virales requiere de la identificación de compuestos capaces de bloquear los eventos tempranos del ciclo de infección viral. En este manuscrito hacemos una revisión exhaustiva de las diferentes estrategias que se han estudiado o se están considerando para prevenir ITS mediante el uso de microbicidas, haciendo particular énfasis en aquellos con el potencial de bloquear la infección por el HIV. También se revisa el proceso complejo de evaluación preclínica que se requiere para llegar a estudios en humanos y se concluye con un breve análisis de las estrategias que podrían formar parte del futuro inmediato en la investigación de microbicidas

Microbicides are a new tool, still under investigation, which could help prevent infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Increasing evidence shows that the complexity of sexual transmission of viral pathogens requires the identification of compounds able to block the early events during the cycle of viral infection. In this manuscript we provide a comprehensive review of the different microbicide strategies that have been studied or are currently being considered for STI prevention, particularly emphasizing those having the potential to block HIV infection. The manuscript also reviews the complex process that is required to conduct future clinical studies in humans and concludes with a brief discussion of the strategies that could be part of the immediate future in microbicide research

Sentinel network for monitoring in vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs in Colombia: a proof of concept

Drug resistance is one of the principal obstacles blocking worldwide malaria control. In Colombia, malaria remains a major public health concern and drug-resistant parasites have been reported. In vitro drug susceptibility assays are a useful tool for monitoring the emergence and spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The present study was conducted as a proof of concept for an antimalarial drug resistance surveillance network based on in vitro susceptibility testing in Colombia. Sentinel laboratories were set up in three malaria endemic areas. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay-histidine rich protein 2 and schizont maturation methods were used to assess the susceptibility of fresh P. falciparum isolates to six antimalarial drugs. This study demonstrates that an antimalarial drug resistance surveillance network based on in vitro methods is feasible in the field with the participation of a research institute, local health institutions and universities. It could also serve as a model for a regional surveillance network. Preliminary susceptibility results showed widespread chloroquine resistance, which was consistent with previous reports for the Pacific region. However, high susceptibility to dihydroartemisinin and lumefantrine compounds, currently used for treatment in the country, was also reported. The implementation process identified critical points and opportunities for the improvement of network sustainability strategies.

Fluoretação do sal de cozinha: estudo metabólico / Salt fluoridation: metabolic study

Um método desenvolvido na Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba para fluoretar o sal de cozinha visando à prevenção da cárie dentária ao nível familiar e/ou institucional se mostrou exeqüível. No presente trabalho foi feita uma avaliação metabólica analisando-se íon flúor excretado pela urina quando da utilização de sal fluoretado (250,0 mg F/Kg) em comparação com água fluoretada (0,8 ppm F). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a quantidade de íon flúor excretado foi ligeiramente maior quando da utilização de água fluoretada. Sugere-se que a concentração de flúor no sal de cozinha seja aumentada para 300,0 mg F/Kg para se obter condições metabólicas semelhantes à fluoretação da água de abastecimento público

Identificação dos pacientes com potencial cariogênico: avaliação preliminar do fluxo e da capacidade tampão salivar de brasileiro / Identification of potentially cariogenic patients: preliminary evaluation of flow and buffer ability among Brazilians

O fluxo salivar e a capacidade tampão de 93 brasileiros adultos foi determinada. Os resultados mostraram que 30 por cento dos voluntários apresentaram um fluxo salivar baixo, enquanto que 40 por cento possuiam uma capacidade tampão salivar baixa. Deste modo, a identificação destes pacientes no consultório deve ser imortante para orientar o tratamento

Estenosis del meato: una complicación en la circuncisión del recién nacido / Meatal stenosis: a complication of the neonatal circuncision

La estenosis del meato es una complicación común de la circuncisión en el recién nacido; sin embargo, su frecuencia exacta es difícil de establecer. El propósito del presente trabajo es analizar los casos de estenosis adquirida del meato, tratados en el Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital Militar "Dr. Carlos Arvelo", en el período comprendido desde enero de 1976 hasta diciembre de 1986, y estudiar su relación con la operación de circuncisión previa

Quiste del mesenterio / Mesenteric cyst

El quiste mesentérico es una patología rara. El ultrasonido permite sospechar el diagnóstico prenatal, el cual es corroborado al nacer el paciente, con la ayuda del ultrasonido y los otros procedimientos diagnósticos. El diagnóstico diferencial debe establecerse con todas las otras masas abdominales y retroperitoneales. El tratamiento debe ser quirúrgico en todos los casos

Potencial cariogênico de gomas de mascar / Cariogenic potential of chewing gums

O potencial cariogênico de seis gomas de mascar vendidas no Brasil foi avaliado. Em quatro gomas encontrou-se uma elevada concentração de açúcar cariogênico, variando de 65 a 72 por cento, sendo identificada sacarose como açúcar principal e glucose como secundário. Duas gomas apresentaram na sua composição derivados de açúcar, uma delas tendo xilitol como constituinte principal e a outra sorbitol. Durante a mastigação das gomas, uma concentração cariogênica de açúcar é mantida na saliva quando se consumiu as gomas contendo sacarose. As bactérias da saliva metabolizaram os açúcares das gomas contendo sacarose, provocando uma diminuição de pH variando de 1,5 a 2,0 unidades. A metabolização da goma contendo sorbitol promoveu uma diminuição de pH de 0,4 unidades, não havendo decréscimo do mesmo quando se avaliou a contendo de xilitol