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Background: Hyperuricemia have been associated with an increased risk for not only type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension but also for metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, gout and many cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients with hypertension and / or type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from a teaching hospitals of West Uttar Pradesh.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in the department of pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research centre, Moradabad, West Uttar Pradesh over a period of six months.Results: A total of 524 case records with high blood pressure and / or type 2 diabetes mellitus were examined during the study period. The mean age of subjects reported was 45 years. A 35.3 % (185/524) were found to have elevated serum uric acid level. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was found increased with an increased duration of disease among hypertensive, diabetic patients.Conclusions: A high prevalence of hyperuricemia was observed among patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and among the patients with both co-morbidities in our studies.
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Background: The spleen is the largest organ in the reticuloendothelial system. A number of disorders are accompanied by altered spleen size, including infective, infestation, infiltrative, immunologic, and malignant conditions. Ultrasonography affords a useful noninvasive role in evaluating the spleen and used for best advantage, it can demonstrate the existence and composition of splenic masses, disruption of splenic texture or outline, progressive changes in masses and the size of the spleen. Materials & Methods: 166 subjects were selected from the Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Radiology, from a tertiary care teaching hospital and from the other clinics of Kosi region like Purnea, Araria and Madhepura districts during the period of June 2016 to May 2017. Results: The splenic length decreased at a slow rate up to the age of 50 years after which it decreased rapidly in both sexes. The splenic length was greater in males than in female in each age group. Mean splenic width in the first age group i.e. 21 30 years was 60.9 ± 8.4 mm, in the second age group i.e. 31 - 40 years was 56.4 ± 7.9 mm, in the third age group i.e. 41 – 50 years was 46.6 ± 4.3 mm, and in the fourth age group i.e. 51 – 60 years was observed to be 44.6 ± 8.0 mm. Conclusion: The ultrasonography affords a useful noninvasive role in evaluating the spleen, it can demonstrate existence and composition of splenic masses, disruption of splenic texture or outline; and also progressive changes in masses and size of spleen.
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The term therapeutic jungle coined by pharmacologist Louis Goodman refers to combination of overwhelming number of drugs the confusion of nomenclature and associated uncertainty of the status of many of these drugs. Rational drug policy, rational people behavior, rational prescription is the need of hour. Polices determine the availability of medicine in term of production pattern distribution marketing pricing and drug usage. India’s pharmaceutical industry is mighty, with over Rs 2 lakh crore worth of medicines and vaccines, produced and supplied by over 7,000 manufacturing units. It caters to not only the domestic market, but it also exports to over 200 countries.
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Vitamin D deficiency and diabetes have one common trait of being pandemic. Association between insulin sensitivity and serum 25-OHD levels is clear. Patients with diabetes and Vitamin D deficiency have increased insulin resistance. Vitamin D supplementation may decrease the incidence of diabetes mellitus and may improve the metabolic control in the diabetes state
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents an important public health challenge that is both preventable and treatable. Pharmacological treatment regimen for COPD needs to be patient specific. Hence management of COPD should be based on strategy considering both disease impact and future risk of disease progression ( especially of exacerbation ). Risk of exacerbations significantly increases in GOLD 3 and GOLD 4 COPD. Exacerbations increase the decline in lung function , deteorriation in health status and risk of death. Roflumilast is a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor. It reduces risk of moderate to severe exacerbations in patients of GOLD 3 & GOLD 4 COPD. It has no direct bronchodilator activity, although it has been shown to improve FEV1 in patients treated with inhaled long-acting bronchodilator. Adverse effects may occur early during the treatment but these are reversible and diminish overtime with continued treatment .
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Psychosomatic symptoms are by definition clinical symptoms with no underlying organic pathology. Psychosomatic disorders represent impaired adaptation or deficiencies that limit the capacity to adapt successfully to the demands of everyday life. The symptoms are thought to be a response to stress. Appropriate health consultation should be considered for further evaluation and treatment.