Brazilian consensus on incidental gallbladder carcinoma / Consenso brasileiro de carcinoma incidental de vesícula biliar

ABSTRACT Background: Incidental gallbladder cancer is defined as a cancer discovered by histological examination after cholecystectomy. It is a potentially curable disease. However, some questions related to their management remain controversial and a defined strategy is associated with better prognosis. Aim: To develop the first evidence-based consensus for management of patients with incidental gallbladder cancer in Brazil. Methods: Sixteen questions were selected, and 36 Brazilian and International members were included to the answer them. The statements were based on current evident literature. The final report was sent to the members of the panel for agreement assessment. Results: Intraoperative evaluation of the specimen, use of retrieval bags and routine histopathology is recommended. Complete preoperative evaluation is necessary and the reoperation should be performed once final staging is available. Evaluation of the cystic duct margin and routine 16b1 lymph node biopsy is recommended. Chemotherapy should be considered and chemoradiation therapy if microscopically positive surgical margins. Port site should be resected exceptionally. Staging laparoscopy before reoperation is recommended, but minimally invasive radical approach only in specialized minimally invasive hepatopancreatobiliary centers. The extent of liver resection is acceptable if R0 resection is achieved. Standard lymph node dissection is required for T2 tumors and above, but common bile duct resection is not recommended routinely. Conclusions: It was possible to prepare safe recommendations as guidance for incidental gallbladder carcinoma, addressing the most frequent topics of everyday work of digestive and general surgeons.

RESUMO Racional: Carcinoma incidental da vesícula biliar é definido como uma neoplasia descoberta por exame histológico após colecistectomia videolaparoscópica. É potencialmente uma doença curável. Entretanto algumas questões relacionadas ao seu manuseio permanecem controversas e uma estratégia definida está associada com melhor prognóstico. Objetivo: Desenvolver o primeiro consenso baseado em evidências para o manuseio de pacientes com carcinoma incidental da vesícula biliar no Brasil. Métodos: Dezesseis questões foram selecionadas e para responder as questões e 36 membros das sociedades brasileiras e internacionais foram incluídos. As recomendações foram baseadas em evidências da literatura atual. Um relatório final foi enviado para os membros do painel para avaliação de concordância. Resultados: Avaliação intraoperatória da peça cirúrgica, uso de bolsas para retirar a peça cirúrgica e exame histopatológico de rotina, foram recomendados. Avaliação pré-operatória completa é necessária e deve ser realizada assim que o estadiamento final esteja disponível. Avaliação da margem do ducto cístico e biópsia de rotina do linfonodo 16b1 são recomendadas. Quimioterapia deve ser considerada e quimioradioterapia indicada se a margem cirúrgica microscópica seja positiva. Os portais devem ser ressecados excepcionalmente. O estadiamento laparoscópico antes da operação é recomendado, mas o tratamento radical por abordagem minimamente invasiva deve ser realizado apenas em centros especializados em cirurgia hepatopancreatobiliar minimamente invasiva. A extensão da ressecção hepática é aceitável até que seja alcançada a ressecção R0. A linfadenectomia padrão é indicada para tumores iguais ou superiores a T2, mas a ressecção da via biliar não é recomendada de rotina. Conclusões: Recomendações seguras foram preparadas para carcinoma incidental da vesícula biliar, destacando os mais frequentes tópicos do trabalho diário do cirurgião do aparelho digestivo e hepatopancreatobiliar.

Câncer gástrico após gastroplastia para obesidade mórbida / Gastric cancer after gastroplasty for morbid obesity

We report a case of patient in whom a gastric remnant cancer developed about five years after a gastric bypass for morbid obesity. We review the literature on gastric cancer after gastroplasty. Access of gastric remnant after gastroplasty (Fobi-Capella) prevents evaluation and treatment of its disorders.

Úlcera gástrica terebrante e pancreatite aguda provocadas por tricobezoar / Gastric ulcer and acute pancreatitis caused by trichobezoar

Bezoar is a foreing body whitin the digestive tract originated from ingestion of varied substances, mainly vegetal fiber or hair. We present a case of a 14-year-old girl with trichotillomania, gastric trichobezoar, gastric ulcer and acute pancreatitis. The patient was operated on for anterior gastrotomy and removal of trichobezoar, with good postoperative follow-up. We illustrate this case to emphasize the need for recognition of gastric ulcer with acute pancreatitis and surgical management.

Migração precoce da fundoplicatura após tratamento cirúrgico videolaparoscópico da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico / Early migration of fundoplicature after laparoscopic antireflux surgery

OBJETIVO: A cirurgia antirefluxo videolaparoscópica foi um avanço significativo no tratamento da doença do refluxo gastroesofagiano (DRGE), e tem baixo índice de complicações. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a experiência no tratamento de pacientes submetidos à correção do RGE por videolaparoscopia, que desenvolveram no pósoperatório precoce migração da válvula antirefluxo. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 869 pacientes submetidos à fundoplicatura e hiatoplastia por videolaparoscopia, para tratamento de DRGE, durante o período de março de 1995 a março de 2002. RESULTADOS: Seis pacientes (0,69 por cento) tiveram migração da válvula no pósoperatório. O diagnóstico foi realizado basicamente pelo quadro clínico e estudo radiológico simples do tórax. Todos foram reoperados: dois por videolaparoscopia e quatro por laparotomia. O resultado final foi bom, com desaparecimento completo do refluxo gastro-esofagiano e ausência de óbitos. CONCLUSÕES:A migração da válvula anti-refluxo é complicação pouco frequente após fundoplicatura vídeo-laparoscópica. Seu diagnóstico e tratamento precoces garantem a boa evolução destes pacientes.

BACKGROUND: Antireflux videolaparoscopic surgery was a significant advance in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux desease (GERD), with low rates of complications. This study aims to show the experience obtained in the treatment of patients who, submitted to a GERD correction through videolaparoscopic surgery, presented early migration of the fundoplicature in the postoperative period. METHODS:We studied 869 patients with GERD that underwent videolaparoscopic fundoplicature from 1995 to 2002. RESULTS: Six patients (0,69 percent) have experienced migration in the postoperative period. The diagnosis was established basically by the clinical manifestation and a simple radiological study of the thorax. All of them underwent a new surgery after the diagnosis, two through videolaparoscopy and four through laparotomy. Final results were excellent, with a total disappearance of gastroesophageal reflux and absence of deaths. CONCLUSION: Migration of fundoplicature is an infrequent complication of antireflux videolaparoscopic surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to good results.

Íleo biliar: enterolitotomia videoassistida / Gallstone ileus: videoassisted enterolithotomy

Treatment, morbidity and mortality of patients with gallstone ileus depend on an accurate diagnosis made in time, and also on a more adequate therapeutic option.A detailed clinical evaluation is fundamental for such diagnosis. Complementary exams like a simple radiological study of the abdomen, high and low endoscopies, an ultrasonography, and a tomography can also be performed. The therapeutic options include the removal of the obstructive factor separately, the performance of a treatment in two separate stages, or the performance of a complete treatment (removal of the calculus, cholecystectomy, and the closing of the fistula).This study aims to present a case report of an elderly man of high surgical risk, presenting gallstone ileus. He was submitted to an isolated videoassisted enterolithotomy through a minilaparotomy. Taking into consideration the patient’s advanced age and the lack of evidence as to other biliary associated pathologies, the chosen treatment seemed to be a good alternative. The evolution was good, and after an 8 month follow-up the patient was found well and with no biliary symptoms whatsoever.