RESUMO
Most species of genus Artemisia L. (Compositae) are medicinal herbswith several uses in the folk medicine worldwide. In the present study, methanol extract of Artemisia santolina has been subjected for isolation of its metabolites along with evaluation of cytotoxic activity against Artemia salina larvae. The structures of the compounds determined by 1H-and 13C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY and Mass spectral analysis. Two sesquiterpenes, 1,5-dihydroxy- 4(15)eudesman-12,6-olid (artemin) (1), 2-hidroxy-2,6,10-trimethyl-7,10- oxide-3,11-dodecadien-5-one (2) and one flavonoid, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,3'-dimethoxyflavone (jaceosidin) (3) have been successfully characterized. Cytotoxicity of the sesquiterpene lactone (1), was assessed on Artemia salina larvae and resulted in IC50 value of 6.44 µg/mL, which was more potent compared to the positive standard berberine hydrochloride (IC50 = 26 µg/mL). In this study, the separation and identification of two sesquiterpenes and one flavone from the aerial parts of A. santolina is described. Among them the compound artemin (1) showed a toxicity effect against A. salina nauplii.
La mayoriÌa de las especies del geÌnero Artemisia L. (Compositae) son hierbas medicinales con varios usos en la medicina popular en todo el mundo. En el presente estudio, el extracto metanoÌlico de Artemisia santolina ha sido sometido al aislamiento de sus metabolitos junto con la evaluacioÌn de la actividad citotoÌxica contra las larvas de Artemia salina. Las estructuras de los compuestos se determinaron mediante RMN 1H y 13C, HMQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COZY y anaÌlisis espectral de masas. Dos sesquiterpenos, 1,5-dihidroxi-4 (15) eudesman- 12,6-olid (artemin) (1), 2-hidroxi-2,6,10-trimetil-7,10-oÌxido-3,11-dodecadien-5-ona (2) y un flavonoide, 5,7,4'-trihidroxi-6,3'- dimetoxiflavona (jaceosidina) (3). Se evaluoÌ la citotoxicidad de la lactona sesquiterpeÌnica (1) en larvas de Artemia salina y resultoÌ en un valor de CI50 de 6,44 µg/ml, que era maÌs potente en comparacioÌn con el clorhidrato de berberina estaÌndar positivo (CI50 = 26 µg/ml). En este estudio se describe la separacioÌn e identificacioÌn de dos sesquiterpenos y una flavona de las partes aeÌreas de A. santolina. Entre ellos, el compuesto artemin (1) mostroÌ un efecto de toxicidad contra los nauplios de A. salina.
Assuntos
Artemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Artemisia/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Flavonoides/análise , Larva , Sesquiterpenos/análiseRESUMO
Aims: Phytosterols are a subgroup of the steroids, as an important class of bioorganic molecules, widespread in plants, animals, marines as well as fungi and have similarity to cholesterol in structure. These compounds have a long history of consumption as food or pharmaceutical products, and generally recognized as safe without undesirable side effects. Place and Duration of Study: Medicinal plants Research Center and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, between March 2013 and May 2013. Results: Amongphytosterols, β-sitosterol is usually used for heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, modulating the immune system, prevention of cancer, as well as for rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, cervical cancer, hair loss and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Furthermore, diverse biological activities whereby natural compounds or the extracts were considered including trypanocidal and mosquito larvicidal, even neutralization of viper and cobra venom characteristics was recorded. Conclusion: Some of the above indications are evidence based, but others are still in doubt and need more investigations to confirm its efficacy and safety. Regarding to the importance of these natural sterols and β-sitosterol as the most abundant of them, the main pharmacological and biological activities together with their clinical trials is reviewed here.