Evaluation of the effects of SPONDIAS MOMBIN extract as an alternative antimicrobial drug

The extract of Spondias mombin has constituents which may improve psychiatric disorders, in addition to having antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial activity. But despite having several benefits, it is necessary to assess whether the extract may interfere with cell metabolism so furthermore its microbicide potential can be explored. Fifteen Wistar rats were used, divided into four groups (control group; control with extract; hyperlipidemic diet; hyperlipidemic diet and extract). For 12 weeks, the animals were weighed and their blood glucose was assessed. Afterwards, they were euthanized, and the biological material was collected. The evaluation confirmed the efficacy of the extract of S. mombin against cell metabolism of rats, without negatively altering cell viability; the group of rats with an hyperlipidemic diet showed an increase in body weight; however, in the individual assessment of the organs, there were no significant changes. The glycemic index, liver parameters, lipids, and mineral ions did not show changes. Furthermore, the antimicrobial potential of S. mombin extract was observed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus aureus BLACC. The results suggest that S. mombin extract did not interfere with cell viability, did not show cytotoxicity to cells that were exposed to it, nor did it interfere with the metabolism, organs, and biochemical indices of rats with a standard or hyperlipidemic diet. Considering such characteristics and the potential activities observed in this present study, additional evaluation should be conducted to further assess the role of S. mombin extract as a source of new alternative antimicrobial drug as well as its possible beneficial activity to the cardiovascular system.

Prevalence of obesity in patients with breast cancer followed-up at an oncology service in Goiania

To verify the prevalence of obesity in patients undergoing cancer follow-up at Hospital das Clínicas in Universidade Federal de Goiás, analyzing the epidemiological and laboratory profile. Methods: Retrospective, analytical and observational study. The final sample consisted of 498 medical records of patients under regular follow-up with indication for chemotherapy between June 2018 and 2020. Anthropometric data, gestational history, personal and family history, menopausal status, comorbidities, staging, and laboratory tests were observed. Results: A mean body mass index of 28.3 kg/m² was found among the patients, and 26.51% were obese. Mean age at diagnosis was 52.79 years, and 51.81% were in menopause. Also, 26.23% had a personal history of breast cancer, and 44.76% had family history. Regarding comorbidities, 51.15% had them, being the most frequent one systemic arterial hypertension, more prevalent in the obese group compared to the normal body mass index. Also, 11.96% of the patients were nulliparous. Regarding staging, most were in T2N0M0 at diagnosis. In laboratory tests, it was found that among patients with breast cancer who had information on lipid profile, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were above the reference limit. Conclusion: 57.63% were obese or overweight, demonstrating body mass index as a risk factor for breast cancer. It was observed that the group of patients with obesity had a statistically significant relationship with the presence of concomitant comorbidities; however, no statistically significant results were found regarding the relationship between body mass index and menopausal status.

VI Brazilian consensus guidelines for detection of anti-cell autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells

Abstract Background: The VI Brazilian Consensus on Autoantibodies against HEp-2 cells for determination of autoantibodies against cellular constituents on HEp-2 cells was held on September, 2019, in Fortaleza (CE, Brazil). The guidelines in this edition were formulated by the group of Brazilian experts discussing the classification of complex patterns, the classification of the nuclear discrete dots (few and multiple), the identification of the discrete fine speckled pattern (AC-4a) and improvements on the ANA report. Mainbody: Sixteen Brazilian researchers and experts from universities and clinical laboratories representing the various geographical regions of Brazil participated in the meeting. Four main topics were discussed: (1) How to classify patterns with fluorescence in more than one cell compartment considering three relevant categoris: composite patterns, mixed patterns and multiple patterns; (2) The splitting of the discrete nuclear dots pattern into the multiple discrete nuclear dots (AC-6) and few discrete nuclear dots (AC-7) patterns, respectively; (3) Inclusion of a novel nuclear pattern characterized by discrete fine speckled pattern highly associated with antibodies to SS-A/Ro60, classified as AC-4a. In addition, adjustments on the Brazilian Consensus nomenclature were implemented aiming to harmonize the designation of some patterns with the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP). Furthermore, the designations of the PCNA-like pattern (AC-13), CENP-F-like pattern (AC-14) and Topo I-like pattern (AC-29) were adjusted in accordance to ICAP. Finally, there was a recommendation for adjustment in the test report in order to address the status of nuclear envelope staining. For all topics, the aim was to establish specific guidelines for laboratories and clinicians. All recommendations were based on consensus among participants. All recommendations from the V Consensus were maintained and there was relevant progress in the BCA/HEp-2 guidelines and further harmonization with ICAP. Conclusion: The VI BCA/HEp-2 edition was successful in establishing important recommendations regarding the classification of complex patterns, in supporting the identification of a novel pattern within the AC-4 group and in the harmonization process with the ICAP terminology.

Níveis séricos de antígeno prostático específico em pacientes de um hospital de Goiânia ­ GO / Serum levels of prostatic specific antigen in patients at a hospital in Goiânia ­ GO

O antígeno prostático específico (PSA) é o marcador mais importante para a detecção e monitoramento do câncer de próstata. Objetivo: O estudo objetivou analisar os dados laboratoriais e epidemiológicos do antígeno prostático específico de pacientes atendidos no Laboratório Clínico do Hospital do Policial Militar de Goiânia-GO (LC/HPM), considerando as medidas preventivas em relação ao câncer de próstata. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo baseado na análise de 1.249 prontuários de usuários do LC/HPM. O levantamento de dados laboratoriais e epidemiológicos, como idade, resultados do PSA total e PSA livre foi realizado por meio de um formulário padronizado pelos pesquisadores. Foram analisados 1.249 exames de PSA L/T, dos quais 58 (4,6%) apresentaram PSA total com resultados entre 4,0 e 10,0 ng/mL e 16 (1,3%) apresentaram concomitantemente valores de PSA total entre 4,0 e 10,0 ng/mL e relação PSA L/T < 25%. Os pacientes apresentaram faixa etária entre 34 e 93 anos, sendo a média 60 anos. Tornou-se evidente que tanto no ano de 2018 quanto em 2019, realizou-se um número maior de exames de PSA L/T, em comparação ao ano de 2020. O estudo revelou que 16 (1,3%) pacientes apresentaram risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento de neoplasia prostática, sendo observada uma diminuição do número de indivíduos que procuraram o LC/HPM para realização de exames de PSA livre e total no ano de 2020, quando comparado aos anos de 2019 e 2018, possivelmente em razão da pandemia de Covid-19, uma tendência global

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most important marker for the detection and monitoring of prostate cancer. This study aimed to analyse the epidemiological and laboratory data of prostate-specific antigen of patients treated at the Clinical Laboratory of the Military Police Hospital at Goiânia-GO (CL/MPH), considering preventive measures in relation to prostate cancer. Methods: This is a retrospective study with analysis of 1,249 medical records of CL/MPH users. The collection of epidemiological and laboratory data, such as age, total PSA and free PSA results, was performed using a form standardized by the researchers. We analyzed 1,249 PSA T/F tests, and of these, of which 58 (4.6%) total PSA sink with results between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL and 16 (1.3%) were concomitantly presenting total PSA values between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL and PSA T/F < 25%. The patients were aged between 34 and 93 years, with a mean age of 59 years. It became evident that both in 2018 and in 2019, there were a greater number of PSA T/F exams, compared to 2020. This study revealed that 16 (1.3%) patients were at increased risk for the development of prostate cancer, with a decrease in the number of individuals who sought the CL/MPH for free and total PSA tests in 2020, compared to 2019 and 2018, possibly due to Covid-19 pandemic, a global trend

Avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos em ratos Wistar descendentes de mães obesas / Evaluation of hematological parameters in Wistar rats descending from obese mothers

O modelo de obesidade em ratos por meio de uma dieta hiperlipídica têm se consolidado, sendo relevante compreender os componentes da hereditariedade nesta enfermidade. Por meio do hemograma é possível avaliar os elementos sanguíneos e as células responsáveis pela defesa do organismo, incluindo sua morfologia, bem como interpretando-as. Compreender esses fatores em ratos descendentes de mães obesas poderia contribuir na compreensão dos mecanismos imuno-hematológicos envolvidos na obesidade e na hereditariedade. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos e leucocitários de ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica descendentes de mães obesas. Foram utilizadas 20 ratas Wistar (peso inicial 200g) alimentadas com dieta padrão (CT) ou com dieta hiperlipídica (HL). Posteriormente, alocou-se 3 fêmeas com 1 macho por 4 dias, certificando o cruzamento. Após 23 dias do nascimento da ninhada, foi feita a separação da prole em 4 grupos com 5 animais cada, e submetidos à dieta HL ou CT. Ficando então os grupos CT, CT+ HL, HL, HL + CT. Após 20 semanas de dieta, os animais foram anestesiados e tiveram peritônio exposto para coleta de sangue, que serviu para a realização e análise do hemograma, por diferenciação celular. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados de acordo com as diretrizes da utilização de animais para fins científicos (Lei 11.794/08), e protocolada no CEUA sob o n° 9062310117. As ratas HL tiveram um ganho de peso significativamente maior a partir da 10ª semana, comparando as ratas CT. Já em relação à prole, após 13 semanas, o grupo HL obteve um ganho de peso maior em relação aos demais grupos: CT: 144,8 ± 12,15 g; CT+HL (ratos descendentes de mães CT alimentados com ração HL): 138,6 ± 5,34 g; HL+CT (ratos descendentes de mães HL alimentados com ração CT): 152,2 ± 5,23 g; HL 161 ± 10,75 g. Nos parâmetros hematológicos da prole, foi observada diferença entre o grupo CT e experimental, os monócitos apresentaram uma redução significativa de 1,6± 0,89, hemoglobina 13,8 ± 1,07, hematócrito 37,9 ± 5,51 nos grupos que receberam dieta CT comparado à CT+HL, VCM apresentou aumento de 50,4 ± 0,55 no grupo CT e 53,5 ± 0,58 na dieta HL. Dentro das condições experimentais deste trabalho e com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a dieta hiperlipídica é capaz de induzir a obesidade, com capacidade de influenciar a proliferação e a diferenciação hematopoiética, porém a prole alimentada com ração padrão (CT) consegue adaptar a dieta independente do fator hereditário em relação à obesidade.

The obesity model in rats maintained by a hyper-lipidic diet is well known, and thus, there is a need to understand the components of heredity in this disease. Using HEM, it is possible to study the blood elements and cells involved in the defense of the organism, including cell morphology and its interpretation. Understanding these factors in rats descending from obese mothers may contribute to the comprehension of the immunity and hematologic mechanisms involved in both obesity and heredity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hematologic and leukocyte parameters of rats fed with a hyper-lipidic diet descending from obese mothers. A total of twenty Wistar female rats (initial weight 200g) fed standard diet (SD) or hyperlipidic diet (HD) were used. Subsequently, 3 females were housed with a male for 4 days in order to get inseminated. Twenty-three days after born, the animals were separated into 4 groups, with 5 animals in each group. The groups were organized as follows: SD, SD+HD, HD, SD+HD. The animals were kept on a diet for 20 weeks. In the end of that period, animals were anesthetized and had their peritoneum exposed for the collection of blood, which was used for performing the erythrogram and leukogram analysis via cellular differentiation. All procedures were performed according the animal welfare guidelines (Law No. 11.794/08) and approved by CEUA (number 9062310117). After 10 weeks, HL mothers presented an increased body weight when compared with SD mothers. In relation to the offspring, after 13 weeks, the HD group presented greater weight gain when compared to the other groups, as follows: SD: 144.8 ± 12.15 g; SD+HD (rats from SD mothers fed with HD feed): 138.6 ± 5.34 g; HD + SD (offspring from HL mothers fed with SD feed): 152.2 ± 5.23 g; HD 161 ± 10.75 g. The offspring hematological parameters presented differences between the SD and the experimental group, where the monocytes presented a significant reduction (1.6 ± 0.89), hemoglobin (13.8 ± 1.07), hematocrit (37.9 ± 5.51) in the groups that received a SD diet compared with the SD + HD; the MCV presented an increase of 50.4 ± 0.55 in the SD group and 53.5 ± 0.58 in the group on HD diet. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that a hyper-lipidic diet is capable of inducing obesity and may also influence hematopoietic proliferation and differentiation. However, the offspring fed with standard diet (SD) is able to adapt the diet regardless of the hereditary factor in relation to obesity.

Diagnóstico laboratorial das infecções urinárias: relação entre a urocultura e o EAS / Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections: relation between uroculture and urinalysis

Objetivo: As infecções urinárias (ITU) acometem indivíduos no mundo inteiro e são causadas principalmente por bactérias Gram-negativas, sendo o diagnóstico laboratorial realizado pelo EAS e urocultura. Nesse estudo foram pesquisadas, em amostras de uroculturas positivas, as alterações apresentadas no exame de EAS, principalmente os marcadores de leucócitos e nitrito, e se estes poderiam contribuir para o diagnóstico da ITU. Também foram pesquisadas a faixa etária e a bactéria mais prevalente. Métodos: Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado com base no levantamento de dados dos exames de urocultura realizados no Laboratório Clínico da PUC Goiás (LAC/PUC Goiás), no período de janeiro/2017 a agosto/2018, de acordo com idade, gênero do paciente e a espécie bacteriana isolada. Resultados: De 629 uroculturas positivas foi encontrada prevalência de ITU em adultos (63,3%), com predomínio no sexo feminino (85,8%), sendo a Escherichia coli (58,9%) a bactéria mais isolada. O nitrito foi detectado em 36,9% e a leucocitúria em 60,6% das amostras. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciaram predomínio de ITU em adultos do sexo feminino, sendo a Escherichia coli a bactéria com maior prevalência. Quanto aos resultados do EAS, a leucocitúria revelou-se um marcador mais sensível para auxílio diagnóstico de ITU em relação ao nitrito, corroborando com a literatura científica especializada.

Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTI) affect individuals worldwide and are mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria, and the laboratory diagnosis is performed by urinalysis and uroculture. In this study were investigated in samples of positive urocultures, the alterations presented in the examination of urinalysis, mainly leukocytes and nitrite, and if could contribute to the diagnosis of UTI. The most prevalent age group and bacteria were also investigated. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out based on data collection of uroculture examinations performed at the Clinical Laboratory of PUC Goiás (LAC/PUC Goiás), from january/2017 to august/2018, according to age, gender of patient and the isolated bacterial species. Results: Of 629 positive urocultures, the prevalence of UTI was found in adults (63,3%), with predominance in females (85,8%), and Escherichia coli (58,9%) was the most isolated bacteria. Nitrite was detected in 36,9% and leukocyturia in 60,6% of the samples. Conclusion: The results evidenced a predominance of UTI in female adults, and Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacteria. Regarding the results of the urinalysis, leukocyturia proved to be a more sensitive marker for the diagnosis aid of UTI in relation to nitrite, corroborating with the literature.

Avaliação da prevalência de dermatites de contato ocupacionais em profissionais de beleza atuantes em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil

Objetivos ­ Avaliar a prevalência das dermatites de contato (DC) ocupacionais, destacando os principais tipos de cosméticos indutores, o conhecimento dos participantes sobre a doença, o seu diagnóstico e tratamento em uma amostra de 378 profissionais da beleza atuantes em Goiânia, Goiás. Métodos ­ Estudo transversal descritivo, prospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Resultados ­ Um total de 43,9% dos participantes deste estudo declararam apresentar DC após exposição a produtos cosméticos no trabalho. Cerca de 64,0% dos participantes desta pesquisa não demonstraram conhecimento satisfatório relacionado aos principais agentes causadores diretos das DC ocupacionais. As tinturas e descolorantes capilares, produtos para alisamentos capilares e produtos para maquilagem foram os cosméticos mais relacionados com o desenvolvimento das DC ocupacionais nestes profissionais. As regiões corporais dos profissionais mais afetadas pelas lesões das DC ocupacionais foram as mãos, o couro cabeludo e a face. A partir do diagnóstico da DC 25,8% dos profissionais tiveram que mudar de atividade laboral dentro do seu segmento de trabalho. Cerca de 28,8% dos profissionais apresentaram conhecimento insatisfatório sobre as principais medidas de prevenção das DC ocupacionais. Conclusão ­ A implementação ou aprimoramento de programas preventivos primários eficazes, pelos estabelecimentos e instituições formadoras destes profissionais é primordial para a redução da prevalência das dermatites ocupacionais. O conhecimento e a conscientização sobre fatores de risco individuais pela categoria é extremamente importante, especialmente nos aprendizes, que constituem um grupo-alvo para a execução de medidas de prevenção primária

Objectives ­ To evaluate the prevalence of occupational contact dermatites (CD), highlighting the main types of inductive cosmetics, the participants' knowledge about the disease, its diagnosis and treatment in a sample of 378 beauty professionals working in Goiania, Goias. Methods ­ Descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Results ­ A total of 43.9% of the participants in this study reported having CD after exposure to cosmetic products at work. About 64.0% of the participants of this research did not demonstrate satisfactory knowledge related to the main direct causative agents of occupational CD. Hairdye and bleaching agents for hair, hair straighteners and make-up products were the cosmetics most associated with occupational CD in these professionals. The body regions of the professionals most affected by occupational DC injuries were the hands, scalp and face. From the diagnosis of CD 25.8% of the professionals had to change their work activity within their work segment. About 28.8% of the professionals presented unsatisfactory knowledge about the main measures of prevention of occupational DC. Conclusion ­ The implementation or improvement of effective primary prevention programs by the institutions and training institutions of these professionals is necessary to reduce the prevalence of occupational dermatitis. Knowledge and awareness of individual risk factors by category is extremely important, especially for apprentices, who are a target group for the implementation of primary prevention measures

Immunomodulating effects of the purified hev b 13 fraction on septic rats / Efeitos imunomoduladores da fração purificada hev b 13 em ratos com sepse

ABSTRACT Background: Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection that occurs when chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammatory responses throughout the body, especially in the acute phase of the disease, producing excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to multiple organ injury and death. The Hev b 13 fraction has demonstrated biological activity capable of inducing IL-10 production and shrinking inflammatory disease lesions. Aim: To investigate the immunomodulating effects of the Hev b 13 fraction on septic rats. Methods: Acinetobacter baumannii was injected into the peritoneal cavity of the animals after sustaining a lesion in the pancreas, with the stomach as an entry point. After 10 h of infection, they were euthanized for blood and lung collection, followed by total and differential leukocyte count, determination of cytokine level and histopathological analysis. Results: Administering a single dose of the Hev b 13 fraction 2 h after sepsis induction significantly decreased total leukocyte count. Higher IL-10 and IL-4 and lower IL-6 production shrank the lung tissue lesions compared to the control groups. Conclusion: The Hev b 13 fraction exhibits an anti-inflammatory tendency, with potential for sepsis treatment.

RESUMO Racional: Sepse se correlaciona com a ruptura do complexo equilíbrio entre os mediadores inflamatórios, que principalmente na fase aguda da doença, produz exacerbadamente citocinas pró-inflamatórias levando a lesão de múltiplos órgãos e morte. A fração Hev b 13 tem demonstrado atividade biológica capaz de induzir a produção de IL-10 e regredir lesões de doenças inflamatórias. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos imunomoduladores da fração Hev b 13 em ratos com sepse. Métodos: Foi injetado Acinetobacter baumannii na cavidade peritoneal dos animais após lesão no pâncreas e estômago como porta de entrada. Após 10 h de infecção, foi realizada eutanásia para coleta de sangue e pulmões, em seguida, contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, dosagem de citocinas e histopatologia para análise. Resultados: A administração de dose única da fração Hev b 13, 2 h após a indução de sepse, diminuiu significativamente a contagem total de leucócitos. Associado a maior produção de IL-10 e IL-4, e menor de IL-6, atenuou as lesões nos tecidos pulmonares em comparação com os grupos controles. Conclusão: A fração Hev b 13 apresenta tendência anti-inflamatória, com potencialidades no tratamento da sepse.