RESUMO
Context: Traumatic dental injury and malocclusion constitute a public health problem due to their high prevalence. Preventing or detecting such conditions, in any population, is of paramount importance. Aim: Assessing the association of anterior occlusal characteristics and dental trauma in preschool children. Settings and Design: A cross‑sectional study was carried out with 2–6‑year‑old randomly selected by a sample calculation, resulting in 606 subjects. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire to collect information about the sample (age, gender, and race) was sent to the children’s parents. Two trained and calibrated examiners (Kappa 0.80) evaluated dental trauma according to criteria established by the World Health Organization. The following anterior occlusal characteristics were evaluated: Normal occlusion, anterior open bite, anterior crossbite, increased overjet (categorized as ≥3 mm), and increased overbite (categorized as ≥3 mm). Statistical Analysis Used: The variables associations were assessed (odds ratio, Chi‑square test, and logistic regression, P < 0.05) using statistical software (SPSS, version 16.0). Results: Dental trauma was observed in 20.8% and malocclusion in 48.6% of the children. There is an association between malocclusion and dental trauma (P = 0.01). Children with malocclusion have a 64% higher chance of suffering dental trauma. Increased overjet was the type of malocclusion related to a higher rate of tooth fracture (P < 0.01). Subjects with this type of malocclusion suffered tooth fractures three times more often than subjects with other malocclusion types. Conclusions: There was association of dental trauma and malocclusion. Increased overjet was the most common malocclusion related to dental trauma. Preventive strategies are needed to reduce the rate of anterior malocclusion and, consequently, dental trauma in preschool children.
RESUMO
As maloclusões, por seu alto índice de prevalência, vêm sendo consideradas um problema de saúde pública. A literatura ressalta a importânciado aleitamento natural para a prevenção de hábitos bucais e maloclusão. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a relação das formas de aleitamentocom hábitos bucais deletérios e seu efeito sobre a oclusão na dentição decídua. Um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, foi realizado em 443crianças de 2 a 6 anos de 27 creches públicas de Nova Friburgo, RJ. Os dados foram coletados através de questionários para pais/responsáveis arespeito do tipo de aleitamento e hábitos bucais deletérios. O exame de oclusão foi realizado por 2 examinadores (kappa=0,80). Os dados foramtabulados e analisados, sendo obtida a frequência e a associação das variáveis (Teste qui-quadrado e ODDS Ratio). Foi observado associaçãodo tipo de aleitamento com os seguintes hábitos: sucção de chupeta (OR 0,12 IC 0,05-0,32; p<0,01) e sucção digital (OR 0,35 IC 0,11-1,13;p=0,04), bem como com as seguintes maloclusões: mordida aberta anterior (OR 0,15 IC 0,06-0,41; p<0,01), mordida cruzada posterior (OR0,26 IC 0,05-1,23; p=0,04) e sobressaliência acentuada (OR 0,32 IC 0,09-1,12; p=0,03). Na população estudada, o aleitamento artificial estáassociado ao hábito de sucção de chupeta, sucção digital e maloclusões, destacando-se a mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada posterior esobressaliência acentuada. Diante disso é desejável a implementação de programas preventivos de incentivo ao aleitamento natural para essapopulação.
Malocclusions have been considered as a public health problem due to their high prevalence rate. Literature highlights the importance ofbreastfeeding for prevention of oral habits and malocclusion. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of breastfeeding and harmful oralhabits and effects on deciduous oclusion. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 443 children aged 2 to 6 years of 27 publickindergartens in Nova Friburgo, RJ. Data were collected through questionnaires to parents/guardians about the type of feeding and oral habits. Occlusal examination was performed by two examiners (kappa=0.80). Data were tabulated and the relationship between the variables was analyzed (chi-square test and odds ratio). It was observed association of type of breastfeeding with the following habits: pacifier sucking (OR 0.12 CI 0.05 to 0.32, p < 0.01 ) and thumb sucking (OR 0.35 CI 0.11 ? 1.13 , p = 0.04) and with the following malocclusions: anterior openbite (OR 0.15 CI 0.06 to 0.41, p < 0.01 ), posterior crossbite (OR 0.26 CI 0.05 to 1.23 , p=0.04 ) and deep overjet (OR 0.32 CI 0.09 to 1.12,p=0.03). In the population studied, artificial breastfeeding is associated with harmful oral habit such as pacifier sucking thumb sucking, andmalocclusions as anterior open bite, posterior crossbite and severe overjet. So, it is desirable to implement preventive programs to encouragebreastfeeding in this population.