Vegetating lesions that appear in the scar after neoadjuvant therapy for rectal tumors: tumor regrowth or benign neoplasm?

Introduction: After the diagnosis of neoplasm of the middle and distal rectum, patients are often submitted to oncological treatment by neoadjuvant therapy. At the end of this treatment, those patients who show complete clinical response can choose, together with their physician, to adopt the watch-and-wait strategy; although it implies lower morbidity for the patient, this strategy is dependent on strict adherence to treatment follow-up for the early identification of any future local injury. Materials and Methods: Survey of data from medical records and description, and discussion of case reports with a literature review in books and databases. Results: We report the case of a 73-year-old patient diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the middle rectum, Stage II (cT3bN0M0), who presented complete clinical response after undergoing treatment with neoadjuvant therapy. Together with the assistant team, the watch-and-wait strategy was chosen. During the follow-up, an endoscopic examination showed a vegetating at the proximal limit of the tumor scar. We chose to perform submucosal endoscopic dissection. The report of the anatomopathological examination evidenced a serrated adenoma with narrow margins free of neoplasia. Conclusion: Patient adherence to cancer treatment using the watch-and-wait strategy is essential for the early identification of new local lesions. After resection of the lesion identified in the tumor scar site as a neoplasm-free lesion, it is consistent to think that this lesion would be the origin of the neoplasm, given the adenomatous origin. (AU)

Tratamento colonoscópico de íleo biliar: relato de um caso / Colonoscopic treatment of gallstone ileus: a case report

O íleo biliar representa de 1 a 4% das causas de obstrução mecânica do trato gastrointestinal, causado por um cálculo de origem biliar quando atinge a luz intestinal através de uma fístula bilioentérica. O seu tratamento normalmente é cirúrgico através da enterolitotomia, com ou sem realização de colecistectomia e correção da fístula bilioentérica no mesmo tempo cirúrgico. Relata-se o caso de um paciente de 78 anos com obstrução intestinal ao nível do íleo terminal. Devido ao risco cirúrgico elevado optou-se pela realização de colonoscopia de urgência, que extraiu um cálculo de 2,1cm, impactado na válvula ileocecal. O paciente evoluiu bem após o procedimento, sendo optado pelo tratamento conservador da vesícula biliar e fístula durante o internamento. Conclui-se que pacientes de alto risco se beneficiam com procedimentos menos invasivos, como os endoscópicos, que além de diagnósticos podem ser terapêuticos

The gallstone ileus represents 1 to 4% of the causes of mechanical obstruction from gastrointestinal tract, caused by a gallstone when it reaches the intestinal lumen through a bilioenteric fistula. The treatment is usually the enterolithotomy, with or without cholecystectomy and correction of the bilioenteric fistula at the same surgical time. We report a case of a patient, 78 years old, with intestinal obstruction at the level of the ileocecal valve. The examination showed abdominal distension and pain, with no signs of peritonitis. Due to the surgical risk, a emergency colonoscopy was performed, which removed a 2.1 cm gallstone impacted into the ileocecal valve. The patient evolved well after the procedure and it was chosen the conservative approach to the gallbladder and fistula during the same hospital stay. We conclude that the high-risk patients could benefit from less invasive treatments, such as endoscopy, which can be diagnoses and therapeutic