Emotional eating in women with generalized anxiety disorder

Abstract Introduction Individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) seek pleasurable foods to avoid their negative emotional experiences. Ineffective regulation of negative emotions may be a risk factor for emotional eating (EE), leading to suffering, dysfunctional behaviors, and weight gain. Objectives The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE, investigating potential mediators such as the intensity of the worry, avoidance of internal experiences, mindfulness, and self-compassion in female patients with anxiety. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants from a randomized clinical trial diagnosed with GAD answered the following instruments at baseline: the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), the Action and Acceptance Questionnaire (AAQ), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). We estimated Pearson correlation coefficients and performed mediation analyses. Results We evaluated 51 female individuals, 34 of whom completed all the questionnaires. Our data showed that EE was positively correlated with emotional dysregulation (r = 0.593; p < 0.001), worry trait (r = 0.402; p = 0.018), and avoidance of internal experiences (r = 0.565; p < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with self-compassion (r = -0.590; p < 0.001) and mindful state (r = -0.383; p = 0.026). Moreover, we demonstrated that self-compassion mediates the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE (ab product estimate = 0.043, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.003-0.084). Conclusion Our findings contribute to the literature by identifying psychological factors that could mediate the association between emotional dysregulation and EE, enabling identification of more effective eating behavior intervention targets for patients with GAD.

Treinamento de habilidades sociais em adolescentes com transtorno de ansiedade social: uma revisão sistemática / Social skills training in adolescents with social anxiety disorder: a systematic review

O Transtorno de Ansiedade Social caracteriza-se por um medo persistente em situações de exposição ou interacção social. Para fins terapêuticos, faz-se importante desenvolver um repertório de habilidades sociais, favorecendo a diminuição dos sintomas. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar os treinamentos de habilidades sociais em adolescentes com transtorno de ansiedade social, bem como seus resultados através de uma revisao sistemática de artigos. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2006 e 2016 nas bases ScienceDirect, PubMed Central, SCOPUS, LILACS e PsycINFO. O relato e análise dos itens seguiram as recomendações PRISMA. Dos 236 artigos encontrados, cinco foram analisados, considerando as características da amostra, conteúdo da intervenção, resultados e limitações de cada artigo. Os estudos, em sua maioria, realizaram intervençoes baseadas no protocolo SET-C, as quais resultaram na melhora do Transtorno de Ansiedade Social de crianças e adolescentes. No entanto, nenhum dos estudos realizou uma análise específica das habilidades sociais pós tratamento. Salienta-se a necessidades de estudos brasileiros com a temática, bem como se sugere pesquisas direcionadas à investigação específica das contribuições do treinamento de habilidades sociais para o tratamento do Transtorno de Ansiedade Social.(AU)

The Social Anxiety Disorder is characterized by a persistent fear during exposition or social interaction situations. For therapeutic ends, it is important to develop a repertoire of social skills, favoring the symptoms decrease. This study aims to identify the social skills training in adolescents with social anxiety disorder, along with its results, through a systematic review of articles. There were included articles published between 2006 and 2016 in ScienceDirect, PubMed Central, SCOPUS, SciELO, LILACS and PsycINFO databases. The items report and analysis followed PRISMA recommendations. Of the 236 articles found, five were analyzed, considering the sample characteristics, intervention content, results and limitations of each article. The majority of the studies performed interventions based on the SET-C protocol, which resulted in the improvement of the Social Anxiety Disorder of children and adolescents. However, none of the studies performed a specific analysis of post treatment social skills. It is emphasized the need for Brazilian studies about the theme, as well as researches are suggested, directed to the specific investigation of the contributions of social skills training for the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder.(AU)

El trastorno de ansiedad social se caracteriza por un miedo persistente en situaciones de exposición o interacción social Para fines terapéuticos, es importante desarrollar un repertorio de habilidades sociales, favoreciendo la reducción de los síntomas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la capacitación de habilidades en adolescentes con trastorno de ansiedad social, así como sus resultados a través de una revisión sistemática de artículos. Artículos publicados entre 2006 y 2016 en ScienceDirect, PubMed Central, SCOPUS, LILACS y PsycINFO. Los informes y análisis de los ítems siguieron las recomendaciones de PRISMA. De los 236 artículos encontrados, cinco fueron analizados, considerando las características de la muestra, el contenido La intervención, resultados y limitaciones de cada artículo. La mayoría de los estudios realizaron intervenciones. basado en el protocolo SET-C, que resultó en la mejora del trastorno de ansiedad social en niños. y adolescentes Sin embargo, ninguno de los estudios realizó un análisis específico de las habilidades sociales posparto. tratamiento Hacemos hincapié en la necesidad de estudios brasileños sobre el tema, así como la investigación. dirigido a la investigación específica de la formación en habilidades sociales del trastorno de ansiedad social.(AU)

Construct validity and reliability of Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire ­ Brazilian version

Abstract The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) is among the few bullying assessment instruments with well-established psychometric properties in different countries. Nevertheless, the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version (Questionário de Bullying de Olweus - QBO) have not been determined. We aimed at verifying the construct validity and reliability of the bully and victim scales of the QBO. To achieve that goal, the victim and bully scales were assessed using polytomous item response theory (IRT). The best fit was obtained with a generalized partial credit model that is capable of measuring the specific discriminating power for each item in these scales. The QBO was administered to 703 public school students (mean age: 13 years; standard deviation = 1.58). Based on IRT analysis, the number of response categories in each item was reduced from four to three. Cronbach reliability scores were satisfactory: α = 0.85 (victim scale) and α = 0.87 (bully scale). In this study, hurtful comments, persecution, or threats had high power to discriminate victims and bullies. For both QBO scales, higher severity parameters were observed for direct bullying items. The results also show that the construct of both QBO scales measures the same construct proposed for the overall instrument. Thus, the QBO can be administered to different Brazilian populations to assess the main characteristics of bullying: repetition of behavior over time and intentionally acting to humiliate, threaten, or harm somebody. (AU)