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Abstract Background Leishmaniasis is caused by an intracellular protozoan of the Leishmania genus. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a serum complement protein and recognizes lipoprotein antigens in protozoa and the bacterial plasma membrane. Nucleotide variants in the promoter region and exon 1 of the MBL gene can influence its expression or change its molecular structure. Objective To evaluate, through a systematic review, case-control studies of the genetic association of variants in the MBL2 gene and the risk of developing leishmaniasis. Methods This review carried out a search in PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Lilacs databases for case-control publications with six polymorphisms in the mannose-binding Lectin gene. The following strategy was used: P = Patients at risk of leishmaniasis; I = Presence of polymorphisms; C = Absence of polymorphisms; O = Occurrence of leishmaniasis. Four case/control studies consisting of 791 patients with leishmaniasis and 967 healthy subjects (Control) are included in this meta-analysis. The association of variants in the mannose-binding Lectin gene and leishmaniasis under the allelic genetic model, -550 (Hvs. L), -221 (X vs. Y), +4 (Q vs. P), CD52 (A vs. D), CD54 (A vs. B), CD57 (A vs. C) and A/O genotype (A vs. O) was evaluated. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020201755. Results The meta-analysis results for any allelic genetic model showed no significant association for the variants within the promoter, the untranslated region, and exon 1, as well as for the wild-type A allele and mutant allele O with leishmaniasis. Study limitations Caution should be exercised when interpreting these results, as they are based on a few studies, which show divergent results when analyzed separately. Conclusions This meta-analysis showed a non-significant association between the rs11003125, rs7096206, rs7095891, rs5030737, rs1800450, and rs1800451 polymorphisms of the Mannose-binding Lectin gene and leishmaniasis in any allelic and heterogeneous evaluation.
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RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os efeitos de melhorias sucessivas nos sistemas de alerta precoce para identificação de pacientes com sepse, no que se refere ao tempo até o diagnóstico, à administração de antibióticos e à mortalidade. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional de coorte, que descreve as sucessivas melhorias implantadas em um período de 10 anos no sistema de alerta precoce para detecção de sepse, incluindo vigilância ativa manual sistemática, alertas eletrônicos via telefonista, e alertas enviados diretamente a dispositivos móveis da enfermagem. Para todos os períodos, após o desencadeamento do alerta, o tratamento foi realizado segundo as diretrizes institucionais para sepse. Resultados: Durante estes anos, detectaram-se 637 pacientes com sepse. O tempo mediano entre a triagem e o diagnóstico foi reduzido de 19:20 (9:10 - 38:15) horas para 12:40 (2:50 - 23:45) horas quando se utilizou o método manual de vigilância (p = 0,14), para 2:10 (1:25 - 2:20) horas quando o alerta foi enviado automaticamente ao serviço telefônico do hospital (p = 0,014) e para 1:00 (0:30 - 1:10) horas quando o alerta foi enviado diretamente ao telefone celular da enfermagem (p = 0,02), com manutenção de valores similares nos anos que se seguiram. Não houve diferença no tempo até o tratamento em relação aos pacientes sobreviventes e não sobreviventes. Conclusão: Sistemas eletrônicos auxiliam na redução do tempo entre a triagem e o diagnóstico e entre o diagnóstico e o início da antibioticoterapia em pacientes com sepse.
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the improvements of an early warning system for the identification of septic patients on the time to diagnosis, antibiotic delivery, and mortality. Methods: This was an observational cohort study that describes the successive improvements made over a period of 10 years using an early warning system to detect sepsis, including systematic active manual surveillance, electronic alerts via a telephonist, and alerts sent directly to the mobile devices of nurses. For all periods, after an alert was triggered, early treatment was instituted according to the institutional sepsis guidelines. Results: In total, 637 patients with sepsis were detected over the study period. The median triage-to-diagnosis time was reduced from 19:20 (9:10 - 38:15) hours to 12:40 (2:50 - 23:45) hours when the manual surveillance method was used (p = 0.14), to 2:10 (1:25 - 2:20) hours when the alert was sent automatically to the hospital telephone service (p = 0.014), and to 1:00 (0:30 - 1:10) hour when the alert was sent directly to the nurse's mobile phone (p = 0.016). The diagnosis-to-antibiotic time was reduced to 1:00 (0:55 - 1:30) hours when the alert was sent to the telephonist and to 0:45 (0:30 - 1:00) minutes when the alert was sent directly to the nurse's mobile phone (p = 0.02), with the maintenance of similar values over the following years. There was no difference in the time of treatment between survivors and non-survivors. Conclusion: Electronic systems help reduce the triage-to-diagnosis time and diagnosis-to-antibiotic time in patients with sepsis.