Molecular detection of Leishmania spp in Lutzomyia longipalpis in the city of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects a large part of the world population. Knowing the sand fly fauna of a region is of fundamental importance for guiding health surveillance actions related to the prevention and control of leishmaniasis. A total of 86 specimens of sand flies (60 females and 26 males) were collected. Using the classification proposed by Galati (2003), the following species were identified: Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912), Migonemyia migonei (França, 1920), Evandromyia cortelezzi (Brethes, 1923), Ev. sallesi (Galvão & Coutinho, 1939), Nyssomyia whitmani (Atunes & Coutinho, 1939), Psathyromyia lutziana (Costa Lima, 1932), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), Brumptomyia sp. (França and Parrot, 1921), and Pressatia sp. (Mangabeira, 1942). Using PCR with internal transcribed spacer target to identify infected sand flies, five Lu. longipalpis females were infected with Leishmania spp. Despite the small number of specimens collected, considerable species diversity was found in the study area.

Citometria de fluxo no diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina / Flow cytometry used in canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis

Descreve-se a padronização de nova metodologia para detecção de anticorpos antiformas promastigotas fixadas de L. (L.) chagasi, por citometria de fluxo (AAPF-IgG), sua aplicabilidade e desempenho na identificação de casos de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC). Foram avaliados dois grupos de cães classificados pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), como: não reatores (NR, n=10) e reatores (R, n=50) dos quais foram coletadas amostras de sangue (soro) para realização dos testes laboratoriais. Os resultados relacionados ao estabelecimento, aplicabilidade e desempenho da metodologia AAPF-IgG demonstraram que essa metodologia possibilita a identificação de uma região de reatividade diferencial entre cães NR e R, no soro diluído a 1:2048 e o valor de 20 por cento de parasitos fluorescentes positivos (PPFP) como ponto de corte entre resultados positivos e negativos, mostrando que a AAPF-IgG aplica-se na identificação de casos de LVC, possibilitando distinguir 96 por cento de cães R como positivos e 100 por cento de cães NR como negativos. Esses resultados em conjunto sugerem que a utilização da AAPF-IgG pode ser um novo instrumento para ensaios clínicos de diagnóstico sorológico da LVC.

The current study evaluated the standardization of a new methodology for detection of anti-fixed L. (L.) chagasi promastigote antibodies by flow cytometry (AAPF-IgG), as well its applicability and performance in the identification of cases of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL). Two groups of dogs were classified by RIFI (gold standard) as no reactors (NR, n=10) and reactors (R, n=50). Blood samples were collected and used for the laboratorial tests (RIFI and AAPF-IgG). The results showed that the new AAPF-IgG assay makes possible the identification of an area of differential reactivity between dogs NR and R at the dilution of 1:2048 and 20 percent of percentage of positive fluorescent parasite as the cut point among positive and negative results. The AAPF-IgG assay was able to distinguish 96 percent of R dogs as positive and 100 percent of NR dogs as negative. Hence, those data support the applicability of flow cytometry AAPF-IgG method as a new instrument for serological diagnosis of CVL.

Epidemiological aspects of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a periurban area of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

In order to characterize the epidemiology of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in a periurban area of the municipality of Sabará in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH), an area until then considered free of the disease, a cross sectional survey was undertaken in 1990. The survey of the population consisted of 1119 interviews and 881 clinical examinations using Montenegro's skin test (MST). A low prevalence (3.7%) of positive MST was encountered. The disease had been occuring in the area for about 20 years in the form of sporadic cases. The predominant species of sandfly both in domestic areas and nearby areas of secondary vegetation was Lutzomyia whitmani. A canine survey of delayed hypersensitivity to the antigen P10,000 identified only one dog with a positive reaction out of 113 examined. The transmission of ACL in MRBH was confirmed. The occurrence of the disease in women, children and individuals with no contact with forest areas as well as the presence of potential vector species in the domiciliar environment, suggests the transmission of the disease in this environmewnt