Experiencias psicóticas e ideación suicida en adolescentes / Psychotic experiences and suicidal behavior in adolescents / Experiências psicóticas e ideação suicida em adolescentes

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre experiencias psicóticas y trastornos mentales no psicóticos en población general. Metodología: Estudio de prevalencia analítico con fuente de información secundaria en población general de 15 a 65 años seleccionados de modo aleatorio por muestreo probabilístico. El instrumento de recolección de la información fue el CIDI (por su sigla en inglés), que realiza diagnóstico de 23 trastornos mentales según criterios DSM-IV (por su sigla en inglés). Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas psiquiátricas y seis experiencias psicóticas (alucinaciones e ideas delirantes) como variable principal. El estudio primario fue aprobado por el Comité de Investigación y de Ética Universitario. Se consideró significancia estadística valor de p<0.05. Se calcularon como medidas de asociación OR con su IC95%. Resultados: Se evaluaron 2 072 personas, el 1.85% presentó experiencias psicóticas, de los cuales el 53.3 % eran mujeres, y el 44.4 %, adolescentes. Hubo asociación entre experiencias psicóticas e ideación suicida (OR 3.51, IC95% 1.49-8.29]), ser adolescente (OR 2.29, IC95% 1.24-4.22]) y pertenecer al régimen contributivo de salud (OR 0.34, IC95% 0.18-0.63). Conclusiones: Los jóvenes y aquellas personas con ideación suicida tuvieron mayor probabilidad de reportar experiencias psicóticas. Dentro del intento global por comprender mejor para actuar de forma más efectiva frente al comportamiento suicida especialmente en la población más joven, una mejor comprensión del papel que desempeñan las experiencias psicóticas (EP) puede ser de ayuda.

Objective: To determine the association between psychotic experiences and non-psychotic mental disorders in the general population. Methodology: Analytical prevalence study with secondary information source applied in the general population aged 15 to 65 years old, randomly selected by probabilistic sampling. The instrument for collecting the information was the Composite International Diagnosis Interview (CIDI), which diagnoses 23 mental disorders according to the DSM-IV criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Sociodemographic and psychiatric clinical variables were assessed, but the main variable evaluated consisted in six psychotic experiences (hallucinations and delusions). The primary study was approved by the University Research and Ethics Committee. The p-value <0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance. OR and its 95% CI were calculated as association measures. Results: 2072 people were evaluated, 1.85% presented psychotic experiences, of which 53.3% were women and 44.4% were adolescents. An association was found between psychotic experiences and suicidal ideation (OR 3.51, 95% CI [1.49-8.29]), being an adolescent (OR 2.29, 95% CI [1.24-4.22]) and belonging to the contributory health system (OR 0.34, 95% CI [0.18-0.63]).Conclusions: Young people and those with suicidal ideation were more likely to report psychotic experiences. Within the overall attempt to better understand in order to act more effectively in the face of suicidal behavior, especially in the younger population, a better understanding of the role of psychotic experiences (PE) can be of help

Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre experiências psicóticas e transtornos mentais não psicóticos na população em geral. Metodologia: Estudo analítico de prevalência com fonte secundária de informação na população geral de 15 a 65 anos, selecionada aleatoriamente por amostragem probabi-lística. O instrumento de coleta de informações foi o CIDI (por sua sigla em inglês), que faz o diagnóstico de 23 transtornos mentais de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV (por sua sigla em inglês). Variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas psiquiátricas e seis experiências psicóticas (alucinações e delírios) foram avaliadas como a variável principal. O estudo principal foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade. A significância estatística foi considerada um valor de p <0,05. Eles foram calculados como medidas de associação OR com seu IC 95%. Resultados: foram avaliadas 2.072 pessoas, 1,85% apresentaram experiências psicóticas, sendo 53,3% mulheres e 44,4% adolescentes. Houve associação entre experiências psi-cóticas e ideação suicida (OR 3,51, IC 95% 1,49-8,29]), ser adolescente (OR 2,29, IC 95% 1,24-4,22]) e pertencer ao regime contributivo de saúde (OR 0,34, 95 % CI 0,18-0,63). Conclusões: Jovens e aqueles com ideação suicida foram mais propensos a relatar ex-periências psicóticas. Na tentativa geral de compreender melhor como agir de maneira mais eficaz diante do comportamento suicida, especialmente na população mais jovem, pode ser útil uma melhor compreensão do papel das experiências psicóticas (TP).

Experiencia Programa de Intercambio Residentes Neuropediatría Chile-Hospital de Niños de Boston / Interchange Program Experience Pediatric Neurology Residents of Chile-Boston Children's Hospital

Cada dos años, residentes de Neuropediatría de distintos centros en Chile visitan el Boston Children's Hospital a fin de dar vida a un intercambio académico bilateral, que se constituye como una valiosa instancia de aprendizaje bilateral. Pensamos que es importante relatar nuestra experiencia y al mismo tiempo hacer algunas reflexiones sobre esta instancia formativa. Palabras Claves: Residentes; Intercambio; Neuropediatría; Educación médica

Every two year, residents of pediatric neurology from different Chilean Universities visit the Boston Children's Hospital for a bilateral academic exchange, that constitutes a valuable learning instance. We think that it is important to relate our experience and share our thoughts about this interchange. Key words: Residents; Interchange; Pediatric Neurology; Medical Education.

Incidencia poblacional, características epidemiológicas y desenlace funcional de pacientes con ataque cerebrovascular isquémico y afasia / Incidence of aphasia in patients experiencing an ischemic stroke

Background: Sequelae after a stroke are common and may lead to disability. Aphasia - defined as an acquired language disturbance - can cause important limitations in quality of life. Aim: To describe the epidemiological features of patients who had an aphasia after a first episode of ischemic stroke and their functional outcome at six months. Material and Methods: Review of a database of a population study on the incidence, 30-day case fatality rate, and prognosis of stroke performed in a northern Chilean city between 2000 and 2002. Results: Aphasia was diagnosed in 28 of 142 patients in whom the disorder was sought (20%). The projected incidence rate in the city where the study was carried out is 7.06 per 100,000 inhabitants. The mean age of these 28 patients was 66 ± 20 years and 53% were women. The main risk factor for stroke was hypertension in 62%. The etiology of stroke was undetermined in 64% of these patients. Partial anterior circulation infarction was the most common stroke location in 61%. Conclusions: Twenty percent of patients with a first episode of ischemic stroke have aphasia

Histoplasmosis oral localizada: reporte de un caso clínico en Tucumán, Argentina / Localized oral histoplasmosis: report of one case

Histoplasmosis is an endemic deep mycosis produced by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus. It penetrates into the organism by inhalation and spreads by lymphatic or hematic route. We report a 57-year-old immunocompetent male presenting with an enlargement of the tongue that also exhibited white pseudomembranes. There were also nodular lesions in the dorsum of the tongue, separated by deep grooves. The pathological study revealed a chronic infammatory process with granulomas. The microbiological examination with the Giemsa technique showed multiple yeasts of 4-5 mm of diameter with a clear halo inside macrophages and epithelial cells, compatible with the parasitic phase of Histoplasma capsulatum. Serology was positive for the histoplasmine antigen. The patient was treated with Itraconazole 200 mg/day, experiencing 40 percent remission of lesions during the frst month of treatment.