RESUMO
Abstract Objective: To investigate the cardiovascular effects produced by transthoracic application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy (LIPUST). Methods: Three-month-old male Wistar rats (± 300 g, N=16) were randomly allocated in two groups, namely SHAM (control group, faked procedures) and UST (animals treated with LIPUST). These animals, under anesthesia, were instrumented (femoral artery and vein catheterization) for hemodynamic recordings (mean blood pressure [MBP], heart rate [HR]) and blood biochemical profile (lipids, creatine kinase-myocardial band [CK-MB]). Then, LIPUST (spatial average-temporal average [ISATA] 1-MHz, power 0.1 to 1.2 W/cm2, pulsed 2:8 ms, cycle at 30%, for three minutes) was applied to animals from the UST group, externally to their thorax. SHAM animals were equally manipulated, but without application of ultrasound energy. After the hemodynamic and biochemical measurements, animals were sacrificed, and their hearts were mounted in a Langendorff apparatus for coronary reactivity evaluation. Standard histology techniques were employed to analyze the hearts. Results: LIPUST application caused statistically significant reductions in MBP (92±4 vs. 106±1 mmHg) and HR (345±14 vs. 380±17 rpm) when compared with SHAM procedures. UST rats exhibited higher CK-MB levels (318±55 vs. 198±26 U/dL) and lower plasma triglycerides levels (38±7 vs. 70±10 mg/dL) than SHAM animals. Coronary reactivity was not significantly changed by LIPUST. Cardiac histopathology showed an increase in capillary permeability in treated animals when compared with SHAM animals. Conclusion: Noninvasive LIPUST induces significant metabolic and hemodynamic changes, including intensity-dependent bradycardia and hypotension, indicating a possible therapeutic effect for cardiac events.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Bradicardia/terapia , Hipotensão , Miocárdio , Ratos Wistar , Ondas Ultrassônicas , Coração , HemodinâmicaRESUMO
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a serious public health problem, due to its high mortality rate and worldwide rising incidence. OSCC susceptibility is mediated by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Studies suggest that genetic variants encoding enzymes involved in folate metabolism may modulate OSCC risk by altering DNA synthesis/repair and methylation process. OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study were to evaluate the association of three genotypic polymorphism (MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C and CBS 844ins68) and oral cancer risk in southeastern Brazilians and evaluate the interactions between polymorphisms and clinical histopathological parameters. METHODS: This case-control study included 101 cases and 102 controls in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. MTHFR genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism) and CBS genotyping by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis. RESULTS: MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with lymph node involvement. Genotype CT + TT acted as a protective factor. MTHFR A1298C AC + CC genotype was associated with tumor differentiation, and possibly with a better prognosis. In risk analysis, no correlation was observed between genotypes and OSCC. CONCLUSION: We concluded that MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C and CBS 844ins68 polymorphisms were not associated with OSCC risk in southeastern Brazilians; however, we suggest a prognosis effect associated with MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in OSCC.
Resumo Introdução: O carcinoma espinocelular oral (CECO) trata-se de um importante problema de saúde pública, devido à elevada taxa de mortalidade e incidência crescente em todo o mundo. A susceptibilidade ao CECO é mediada por interações entre fatores genéticos e ambientais. Estudos sugerem que as variantes genéticas que codificam as enzimas envolvidas no metabolismo do folato podem modular o risco de CECO, alterando a síntese/reparação do DNA e o processo de metilação. Objetivo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a associação de três polimorfismos genotípicos (MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C e CBS 844ins68) e o risco de câncer oral em brasileiros da região Sudeste, e avaliar as interações entre polimorfismos e parâmetros clínico-histopatológicos. Método: Este estudo de caso-controle incluiu 101 casos e 102 controles no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. A genotipagem do polimorfismo MTHFR foi realizada por PCR-RFLP (Reação de Polimerase em Cadeia - Polimorfismo no Comprimento de Fragmento de Restrição) e a do CBS por análise da PCR (Reação de Polimerase em Cadeia). Resultados: O polimorfismo MTHFR C677T foi associado ao envolvimento de gânglios linfáticos. O genótipo CT + TT atuou como um fator protetor. O genótipo MTHFR A1298C AC + CC foi associado à diferenciação do tumor e, possivelmente, a um prognóstico melhor. Na análise de risco, a correlação entre os genótipos e o CECO não foi observada. Conclusão: Concluímos que os polimorfismos MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C e CBS 844ins68 não estão associados ao risco de CECO nos brasileiros da região Sudeste; no entanto, sugerimos um efeito prognóstico associado aos polimorfismos MTHFR C677T e A1298C em CECO.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/enzimologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/enzimologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Cistationina beta-Sintase/genética , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Prognóstico , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Genótipo , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
O câncer bucal é a sétima neoplasia mais frequente na populaçãobrasileira, com elevada taxa de mortalidade. O objetivo desteestudo foi realizar um levantamento epidemiológico da populaçãocom câncer bucal atendida no Programa de Prevenção eDetecção Precoce de Câncer de Boca Hospital Santa Rita, ES.Foram avaliados 152 pacientes, tendo sido diagnosticados 30,3%casos de câncer bucal. As variáveis gênero, idade, grupo étnico,localização da lesão, sinais e sintomas, tempo de evolução,estadiamento clínico, graduação histológica do tumor e históriado consumo de álcool e uso do tabaco foram avaliadas. Dentreos pacientes diagnosticados com câncer bucal, 80,4% eram dogênero masculino com média de idade de 57,7 anos. A língua foi osítio mais frequente de tumor primário. Os sinais e sintomas maiscomumente relatados foram presença de lesão em boca e dor.Dos tumores diagnosticados, 63,0% encontrava-se em estadioavançado com tempo médio de evolução de 8,7 meses. Pacientescom história de consumo de álcool e uso do tabaco apresentaramestadio avançado da doença durante o diagnóstico. Estesdados nos permitiram concluir que o consumo de álcool e usodo tabaco, bem como o tempo entre a percepção dos primeirossinais e sintomas e o diagnóstico são fatores determinantes paraa progressão da doença.
Oral cancer is the seventh most frequent neoplasia with highdeath rate in the Brazilian population. This study aims at carryingout an epidemiological investigation in the population with oralcancer being assisted by in the Program of Prevention and EarlyDetection of Oral Cancer - Santa Rita Hospital in Brazil. Onehundred fifty-two patients were evaluated, of which 30.3% werediagnosed with oral cancer. The variables gender, age, ethnicgroup, location of the tumor, signs and symptoms, evolution time,clinical staging, tumor histopathological grading, and history ofalcohol and tobacco use were assessed. Among the patients withoral cancer, 80.4% were men with average age of 57.7 years. Themost frequent site of the primary tumor was the tongue (41.3%).The most commonly reported signs and symptoms were presenceof lesions in the mouth and pain. During clinical assessment, itwas detected that 63,0% of the cases were advanced, and theaverage evolution time of the disease was 8.7 months. Patientswith concurrent history of alcohol and tobacco consumptionpresented with a more advanced stage of the disease duringdiagnosis. These data allow us to conclude that alcohol andtobacco use, as well as the time between noticing the first signsand symptoms and the diagnosis are determining factors in thedisease progression.