Helicobacter pylori eradication in renal transplant candidates / Erradicação do Helicobacter pylori em candidatos a transplante renal

Abstract Introduction: Treatment for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is recommended in transplant candidates due to the association between this infection and gastrointestinal disorders, which could significantly increase morbidity after renal transplantation with the use of immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to analyze the rate of eradication of H. pylori after antimicrobial treatment in chronic kidney disease patients who are candidates for kidney transplantation. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted. All adult chronic kidney disease patients seen at our institution were included. In the pre-transplantation evaluation, 83 patients underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with 2 diagnostic methods to detect H. pylori: histology and the rapid urease test. In total, 33 patients with H. pylori infection received treatment with 20 mg omeprazole, 500 mg amoxicillin, and 500 mg clarithromycin once daily for 14 days. Another upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed 8 to 12 weeks after the end of treatment to check for healing. Results: The study showed a prevalence of H. pylori in 51 (61.4%) patients. Histology was positive in 50 (98%) patients and the rapid urease test was positive in 31 (60.8%). The infection eradication rate was 48.5% (16 patients). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence rate of H. pylori and a low eradication rate after the long-term antimicrobial triple scheme used. The association of the rapid urease test with gastric mucosa histology did not increase the detection rate of H. pylori.

Resumo Introdução: Recomenda-se o tratamento da infecção por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) nos candidatos a transplante devido à associação entre esta infecção e distúrbios gastrointestinais, que podem aumentar significativamente a morbidade após transplante renal com o uso de imunossupressão. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a taxa de erradicação do H. pylori após tratamento antimicrobiano em pacientes com doença renal crônica, candidatos a transplante renal. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de coorte prospectivo multicêntrico. Incluímos todos os pacientes adultos com doença renal crônica atendidos em nossa instituição. Na avaliação pré-transplante, 83 pacientes foram submetidos a uma endoscopia digestiva alta com 2 métodos diagnósticos para detecção do H. pylori: histologia e teste rápido de urease. No total, 33 pacientes com infecção por H. pylori receberam tratamento com 20 mg de omeprazol, 500 mg de amoxicilina e 500 mg de claritromicina uma vez ao dia durante 14 dias. Outra endoscopia digestiva alta foi realizada 8 a 12 semanas após o término do tratamento para verificação da resposta. Resultados: O estudo mostrou prevalência de H. pylori em 51 (61,4%) pacientes. A histologia foi positiva em 50 (98%) pacientes e o teste rápido de urease foi positivo em 31 (60,8%). A taxa de erradicação da infecção foi 48,5% (16 pacientes). Conclusões: Após o esquema triplo antimicrobiano de longo prazo utilizado, houve uma alta taxa de prevalência de H. pylori e baixa taxa de erradicação. A associação do teste rápido de urease com a histologia da mucosa gástrica não aumentou a taxa de detecção do H. pylori.

The epidemiology of sepsis in a Brazilian teaching hospital

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to estimate disease incidence and mortality rate of sepsis in a tertiary public hospital. METHODS: Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in 2004 and 2005 were monitored for sepsis using an observational longitudinal study design. Patients were monitored daily for diagnostic criteria of sepsis, according to ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference criteria, until either death or hospital discharge. RESULTS: During the study, we analyzed 1,179 patients. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) was present in 1,048 (88.9 percent) patients on admission, and was associated with infection in 554 (47.0 percent) patients. Of these, sepsis was diagnosed in 30 (2.5 percent) patients, while severe sepsis was diagnosed in 269 (22.8 percent) patients, and septic shock was diagnosed in 255 (21.6 percent) patients. APACHE II and SOFA scores were higher in septic patients (p < 0.001), and the ensuing mortality rates were 32.8 percent (IC 95 percent: 21.6-45.7 percent) for patients with sepsis, 49.9 percent (IC 95 percent: 44.5-55.2 percent) for severe sepsis, and 72.7 percent (IC 95 percent: 68.1-76.9 percent) for septic shock. CONCLUSIONS: The data from our study revealed a high incidence of sepsis among hospitalized patients. Moreover, sepsis patients had a high rate of mortality.

Insuficiência renal aguda pelo uso do esquema multidroga na hanseníase / Acute kidney failure between use of the multiple drug teraphy in leprosy

Sete pacientes consecutivos, de um grupo de 283 portadores de Hanseníase em tratamento com esquema terapêutico multidroga (MDT), foram referidos ao Hospital Evangélico de Londrina e ao Hospital Universitário Regional Norte do Paraná, no período de 1989 a Novembro de 1991, devido a insuficiência renal aguda (I.R.A.). Nestes sete pacientes ocorreram oito episódios de IRA, acompanhados de epigastralgia (8/8), febre (6/8), vômitos (5/8), anúria (4/8), urina escura (4/8), dores ósseas acompanhadas de mialgias (5/8) e icterícia (3/8). Quatro pacientes necessitaram tratamento dialítico, e três foram submetidos à biópsia renal que demonstrou Nefrite Rúbulo Intersticial Aguda. Os autores atribuem estas manifestaçöes ao uso intermitente da rifampicina e sugerem cuidados a serem observados quando se usa esquema multidroga (MDT)