Ecological study of viral hepatitis in Brazil: a geographical and temporal analysis

Introduction: Viral hepatitis is a group of diseases that present high hepatotropism and are related to liver dysfunctions, having either an acute or a chronic course. Their worldwide epidemiology is diverse, with several endemic places, such as South America. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Brazil, in order to better understand its pattern of distribution and evolution. Method: A temporal aggregation study was conducted using the Viral Hepatitis Database of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The serological markers used were HBsAg and anti-HCV for hepatitis B and C, respectively. Mortality data were collected from the Mortality Information System for deaths attributed to viral hepatitis. The period analyzed was from 2007 to 2016/17. Results: The incidence was 7.88 (95% CI, 7.30-8.45) for hepatitis B and 11.9 (95% CI, 11.15-12.65) for hepatitis C. Mortality attributed to viral hepatitis was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.35-1.87) deaths per 100,000 people. An analysis of municipal distribution data showed several endemic areas. The Brazilian regions most affected by hepatitis B virus were the northern and southern borders, Santa Catarina coast and Espírito Santo state, while hepatitis C virus was mostly present in metropolitan areas such as Porto Alegre and São Paulo. Conclusions: Viral hepatitis has a diverse geographic distribution in the Brazilian territory, with highly endemic areas. The distribution differs between hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. (AU)

Reported mortality for colorectal cancer in Brazil in the first 16 years of the 21st century

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant neoplasm with major impact on health today. There is, however, an efficient method for prevention and screening, which varies in different protocols according to each institution or country. The objective is to evaluate the mortality rate and the economic cost of CRC in Brazil during the first 16 years of the 21st century. Method: A retrospective, temporal aggregation study was conducted with an exploratory, documentary quantitative approach on CRC mortality from 2000 to 2016, based on the Mortality Information System database provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: In the study period, 218,000 deaths due to CRC were recorded. The CRC mortality rate was 6.2 (95% confidence interval, 5.59-6.81) per 100,000 population, with no significant difference between men and women. Of the 17 age subgroups analyzed, eight had a significant increase from 2000 to 2016, including all subgroups aged over 50 years. Conclusion: There was an increase in mortality due to CRC in the study period.