Textual research on Bambusae Concretio Silicea / 中国中药杂志

By studying various ancient texts such as herbal classics and medical literature from different eras, it was found that there were discrepancies in the records about Bambusae Concretio Silicea(Tian Zhu Huang). In order to establish an accurate foundation, this research was based on ancient herbal literature and combined with plant morphology and investigative studies to examine its earliest mentions in ancient texts, nomenclature, medicinal properties, indications, and quality assessment standards. In the early records, Bambusae Concretio Silicea was referred to by several different names, such as "Zhu Huang" "Tian Zhu Huang" "Zhu Gao" "Zhu Tang", and "Zhu Huang". The earliest known formal usage of the name "Tian Zhu Huang" was found in the book Ri Hua-zi's Materia Medica(Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao). Throughout various ancient texts, the earliest recorded information about Bambusae Concretio Silicea also appeared in Ri Hua-zi's Materia Medica, not in Materia Medica of Sichuan(Shu Ben Cao) or other ancient texts. Ri Hua-zi's Materia Medica provided relevant descriptions of its origin, medicinal properties, and indications, albeit with some errors due to limited knowledge. However, this has been a valuable starting point for future research on Bambusae Concretio Silicea and holds pioneering significance in forming a mature system. As the research delved deeper, the medicinal properties of Bambusae Concretio Silicea have been consistent since Ri Hua-zi's Materia Medica, and the understanding has gradually improved through years of clinical verification. During the investigation process, the authors found limited records on the quality evaluation of Bambusae Concretio Silicea in ancient texts. Although the information is scarce, it serves as a foundational basis for establishing corresponding quality grading standards for Bambusae Concretio Silicea in the future.

Effect of Qingfei Jiangmai Decoction on Content of PM2.5-related Metabolites Mercapturic Acids in Urine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Qingfei Jiangmai decoction （QJD） on the content of mercapturic acids in urine in healthy people amid PM2.5 （particles 2.5 microns or less in size） pollution. MethodA total of 84 healthy students of 18-30 years old in Beijing were recruited and they were randomized into the test group （42 in total， with 1 dropout） and control group （42 in total， with 3 dropouts）. During the pollution， the test group and the control group respectively took QJD granules and placebo for 7 days （1 bag/time， 2 times/day）， and another 7-day intervention with the same drugs was performed at an interval of 4 weeks. The time-activity patterns were recorded during the intervention. On-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry （SPE-LC-MS/MS） was performed to detect the content of PM2.5-related metabolites S-phenylmercapturic acid （SPMA）， 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid （3-HPMA）， 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid （HMPMA）， N-acetyl-S-（2-nitrile ethyl）-L-cysteine （CEMA）， and N-acetyl-S-（2-hydroxy ethyl）-L-cysteine （HEMA） in urine before and after intervention. Statistical analysis was followed. ResultThe content of CEMA， HEMA， 3-HPMA， and HMPMA in the test group was all higher after the intervention than before the intervention， with the significant difference in HEMA （P<0.05）. After intervention， content of HEMA and SPMA was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group （P<0.05）， and the difference in HEMA （Z=-3.614， P<0.01） and HMPMA （Z=-1.988， P<0.05） before and after invention in the test group was significantly larger than that in the control group. After the intervention， HEMA in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group （F=7.597， P<0.01）. ConclusionDuring PM2.5 pollution， QJD can increase the excretion of HEMA， a metabolite of ethylene oxide， in the urine of healthy people in Beijing， and enhance the detoxification process of toxic components in PM2.5， which is of great value in preventing and treating haze-related illnesses.

Danlou Tablet Improves Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Dyslipidemia and Arteriosclerosis by HIF-1α-Angptl4 mRNA Signaling Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect whether Danlou Tablet (DLT) regulates the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1α-angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) mRNA signaling pathway and explore the role of DLT in treating chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced dyslipidemia and arteriosclerosis.@*METHODS@#The mature adipocytes were obtained from 3T3-L1 cell culturation and allocated into 8 groups including control groups (Groups 1 and 5, 0.1 mL of cell culture grade water); DLT groups (Groups 2 and 6, 0.1 mL of 1,000 µg/mL DLT submicron powder solution); dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) groups (Groups 3 and 7, DMOG and 0.1 mL of cell culture grade water); DMOG plus DLT groups (Groups 4 and 8, DMOG and 0.1 mL of 1,000 µg/mL DLT submicron powder solution). Groups 1-4 used mature adipocytes and groups 5-8 used HIF-1 α-siRNA lentivirus-transfected mature adipocytes. After 24-h treatment, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1 α and Angptl4. In animal experiments, the CIH model in ApoE-/- mice was established. Sixteen mice were complete randomly divided into 4 groups including sham group, CIH model group [intermittent hypoxia and normal saline (2 mL/time) gavage once a day]; Angptl4 Ab group [intermittent hypoxia and Angptl4 antibody (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally injected every week]; DLT group [intermittent hypoxia and DLT (250 mg/kg) once a day], 4 mice in each group. After 4-week treatment, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). Hematoxylin-eosin and CD68 staining were used to observe the morphological properties of arterial plaques.@*RESULTS@#Angptl4 expression was dependent on HIF-1 α, with a reduction in mRNA expression and no response in protein level to DMOG or DLT treatment in relation to siHIF-1 α -transfected cells. DLT inhibited HIF-1 α and Angptl4 mRNA expression (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and reduced HIF-1 α and Angptl4 protein expressions with DMOG in mature adipocytes (all P<0.01), as the effect on HIF-1 α protein also existed in the presence of siHIF-1 α (P<0.01). ApoE-/- mice treated with CIH had increased TG and TC levels (all P<0.01) and atherosclerotic plaque. Angptl4 antibody and DLT both reduce TG and TC levels (all P<0.01), as well as reducing atherosclerotic plaque areas, narrowing arterial wall thickness and alleviating atherosclerotic lesion symptoms to some extent.@*CONCLUSION@#DLT had positive effects in improving dyslipidemia and arteriosclerosis by inhibiting Angptl4 protein level through HIF-1 α-Angptl4 mRNA signaling pathway.

Predictors of efficacy of corticosteroid switching from abiraterone plus prednisone to dexamethasone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Corticosteroid switching can reverse abiraterone resistance in some patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we investigated the potential biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of corticosteroid switching during treatment with abiraterone acetate (AA). We retrospectively analyzed 101 mCRPC patients receiving corticosteroid switching from West China Hospital and Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center between January 2016 and December 2018. All cases received AA plus prednisone as first-line therapy during mCRPC. Primary end points were biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) and overall survival (OS). The risk groups were defined based on multivariate analysis. A total of 42 (41.6%) and 25 (24.8%) patients achieved 30% and 50% decline in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), respectively, after corticosteroid switching. The median bPFS and median OS on AA plus dexamethasone were 4.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7-6.0) months and 18.8 (95% CI: 16.2-30.2) months, respectively. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) expression (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.15, 95% Cl: 1.22-3.80, P = 0.008) and baseline serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP; HR: 4.95, 95% Cl: 2.40-10.19, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of efficacy before corticosteroid switching in the multivariate analysis of bPFS. Only baseline serum ALP >160 IU l-1 (HR: 3.41, 95% Cl: 1.57-7.38, P = 0.002) together with PSA level at switch ≥50 ng ml-1 (HR: 2.59, 95% Cl: 1.22-5.47, P = 0.013) independently predicted poorer OS. Based on the predictive factors in multivariate analysis, we developed two risk stratification tools to select candidates for corticosteroid switching. Detection of serum ALP level, PSA level, and tissue AKR1C3 expression in mCRPC patients could help make clinical decisions for corticosteroid switching.

The diversity of endophytic fungi in endangered medicinal material Daphnes Cortex as determined by high-throughput sequencing technology / 药学学报

In order to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of a Daphnes Cortex medicinal material fungus library and the screening of endophytic fungi that promote the growth of Daphnes Cortex and increase the content of daphnetin, we used Illumina high-throughput testing technology to analyze 9 Daphnes Cortex samples from Gansu and Shanxi provinces. A total of 632 766 valid sequences were obtained, including 348 OTUs, 4 phyla, 20 classes, 48 orders, 108 families, 154 genera, and 208 species. The sum of the first 3 fungal genera account for more than 65% of the total abundance, with the highest reaching 98.4%. Alternaria and Phoma are the main genuses of Daphne giraldii Nitsche, and Altemaria is the dominant genus. The endophytic fungi community of Daphnes Cortex is rich in diversity, and the order of fungal diversity in different producing areas is: Gangu County > Wutai County > Tanchang County.

Cloning，Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis of UGDH1 Gene in Glycyrrhiza uralensis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To clone uridine diphosphate （UDP）-glucose dehydrogenase （<italic>UGDH</italic>） gene of <italic>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</italic> and analyze its bioinformatics and expression. Method:Total RNA was extracted from roots， stems， and leaves of 6-week-old seedlings of <italic>G. uralensis</italic>， the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid （cDNA） sequence of <italic>GuUGDH</italic>1 gene （Gu was short for <italic>G. uralensis</italic>） was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）， then sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed， and the specificity of the tissue was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR）. Result:The open reading frame（ORF）of <italic>GuUGDH</italic>1 gene was 1 443 bp in length and encoded 480 amino acid residues （GenBank accession number of MT968993）. Bioinformatics analysis showed that GuUGDH1 was a stable acidic hydrophilic protein with a relative molecular weight of 53.056 kDa， an isoelectric point of 5.89， no signal peptide and no transmembrane helix， and all of them were outside the membrane. There were three typical conserved domains， which belonged to the UDP-glucose/guanosine diphosphate （GDP）-mannose dehydrogenase family. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the <italic>GuUGDH</italic>1 gene was closely related to <italic>Glycine max</italic> and <italic>Spatholobus suberectus</italic>. The results of Real-time PCR showed that the expression of <italic>GuUGDH</italic>1 gene could be detected in the roots， stems， and leaves of 6-week-old seedlings of <italic>G. uralensis</italic>， and the expression level in the roots was significantly higher than that in the stems and leaves. Conclusion:In this study， the <italic>UGDH</italic>1 gene of <italic>G. uralensis</italic> was cloned and its protein sequence characteristics were systematically analyzed， which can provide theoretical basis for further research on the catalytic function of UGDH1 protein.

Mechanism of Xiaojinwan Against Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis： An Exploration Based on Bioinformatic Analysis Combined with Cell Experiments / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Xiaojinwan in treating breast cancer bone metastases through cell experiments and bioinformatic analysis. Method:The inhibitory effect of Xiaojinwan on MCF-7 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. The key components and targets responsible for Xiaojinwan in inhibiting breast cancer bone metastases were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The active components and targets of Xiaojinwan were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCSMP） and SwissTarget Prediction， and the breast cancer bone metastases-related targets from GeneCards and DisGeNET. The results were imported into STRING for constructing a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network， followed by Gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis using DAVID. A network of the active components of Xiaojinwan-breast cancer bone metastases-related targets-pathways was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2. AutoDock 4 was employed for molecular docking. The protein expression levels of matrix metallopmteinase-9 （MMP-9）， hypoxia-inducible factor 1<italic>α </italic>（HIF1A）， and androgen receptor （AR） were assayed by Western blot. Result:Xiaojinwan inhibited the viability of MCF-7 cells and acted on breast cancer bone metastases through such processes as redox and protein autophosphorylation. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that HIF-1， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） pathways were involved. As verified by molecular docking， the active components such as eucalyptin stably bound to AR and MMP-9. Western blot indicated that Xiaojinwan dose-dependently inhibited the expression of MMP-9 and HIF1A proteins in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion:Xiaojinwan acts on AR and MMP-9 through HIF， VEGF and other related signaling pathways， thereby improving hypoxia in tumor microenvironment， inhibiting angiogenesis， and reducing cell invasion and viability.

Biochemical Activity of PIF1 Helicase from Thermophilic Bacteria / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Petite integration frequency 1 (PIF1) helicases are ubiquitous enzymes which play vital roles in nearly all DNA metabolic processes. In recent years, the biochemical activity and three-dimensional structure of several PIF1 helicases have been reported, but there are few reports on the PIF1 helicase of bacteria living in extreme environments. In this paper, a series of biochemical and biophysical techniques were used to study the Thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii PIF1 (Ty.PIF1) helicase in many aspects. Ty. PIF1 was obtained with a purity of over 90% and good uniformity using the prokaryotic expression and purification system. Ty.PIF1 is a monomer with a calculated molecular weight of 60 kD in solution. Ty. PIF1 has high thermal stability. The secondary structure remains stable when the temperature is below 65 ℃, and the secondary structure changes only when the temperature is above 70 ℃. The optimal unwinding temperature of Ty.PIF1 in vitro is 45 ℃, which is not the optimal temperature for the survival of thermodesulfovibrio yellowstonii. It indicates that when Ty.PIF1 exerts its enzymatic activity in vivo, it may require the participation of other cofactors. Ty.PIF1 can exert unwinding activity in a wide temperature range (20-55 ℃), and the presence of enzyme activity at 55 ℃ indicates that Ty.PIF1 has heat-resistant properties. Ty.PIF1 prefers to bind to substrates containing ssDNA, but there is certain requirement for the length of the ssDNA, which is at least 4 nt in length. Ty.PIF1 can also bind to the G

Correlation between chemical composition,ecological factors and soil factors of Chinese herbal medicine Daphnes Cortex / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, the correlation between the chemical constituents of Chinese herbal medicines Daphnes Cortex and the ecological factors and soil factors was studied, which provided a reference for the selection of suitable areas for artificial cultivation of Daphne giraldii and wild tending. The geographic information system(GIS) was applied to obtain the ecological factor information of 23 collection sites of Daphnes Cortex, and the soil factor information was determined by the standard procedure in the soil test standard manual. Combining the information of 93 chemical constituents of Daphnes Cortex in 23 collection sites the correlation between components and ecological factors and soil factors was analyzed by statistical methods. The correlation analysis showed that the longitude, annual average rainfall, annual sunshine intensity, annual average temperature in the ecological factors, soil type, effective copper and pH value were the dominant factors affecting the chemical composition of Daphnes Cortex.

Technical specification of expert consensus statement in developing clinical practice guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The formation of expert consensus statement is an indispensable part in the process of developing clinical practice guidelines. The Guidelines International Network believes that experts make group decisions for different stages and issues,and the process of gathering expert opinions is the process of reaching the consensus. GRADE system also requires that recommendations should be formed based on expert consensus in consideration of the risk and bias,patients' preferences and values,resources and other factors. At present,the main method for reaching consensus is the formal consensus method. According to the published clinical guidelines,most of them failed to report the specific methods and process of reaching expert consensus. Therefore,it is impossible to obtain an objective evaluation. This phenomenon is more common in the field of clinical practice guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM). There are two main reasons for this phenomenon. For one thing,the developers of the guidelines neglect the importance of transparency and objectivity in the implementation of expert consensus. For another,they know little about the methods and technical specifications for the formation of expert consensus. To solve them,based on the internationally recognized consensus-building methods,as well as the specific stages in the process of developing clinical practice guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine,it is of great significance to put forward the technical norms for TCM researchers to develop the expert consensus. This guide will provide detailed guidance for forming the expert consensus for TCM clinical practice guideline. This guideline has been approved and published by the Chinese Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine( No. T/CACM 1049-2017).

Development of vaccines for prevention of Klebsiella pneumoniae / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common cause of nosocomial respiratory tract, and the second most frequent cause of Gram-negative bacteraemia and urinary tract infections. Drug resistant isolates remain an important hospital-acquired bacterial pathogen, prolong hospital stays, and are especially problematic in high impact medical areas such as intensive care units. A variety of preventive measures were applied to reduce such incidences. The immune therapies for Klebsiella pneumoniae include active immunization and passive immunization. Many trials for constructing effective vaccines are followed, including inactivated vaccines, polysaccharide vaccine, conjugate vaccine, protein vaccine, and nano vaccine. This review was about the development of vaccines for the prevention of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Study and Realization of Hospital IT Intelligent Operation Maintenance and Monitoring Platform / 医学信息学杂志

Taking Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital as an example,the paper introduces the study idea of hospital IT intelligent operation maintenance and monitoring platform,expounds on design and realization of the platform,including general technical architecture,functional architecture and core business process,summarizes related practical experiences,and points out that application of the platform is able to enhance operation maintenance level and user satisfaction significantly.

Disrupted subcellular distribution of aquaporin-3,8 and 9 promoted rat alcoholic liver disease / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To study the expression profile and subcellular distribution of aquaporin (AQP) 3,8 and 9 in SD rat alcoholic liver disease (ALD) models.Methods Eighteen male SPF SD rats were randomized into three groups,which received different treatments for 6 weeks:normal rodent chow-fed group (NC) rats were allowed to consume normal food and water ad libitum;ethanolfed group (EtOH) rats and pair-fed group (PF) rats were fed an ethanol-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet and a pair-fed isocaloric high-fat non-ethanol-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet,respectively.We used immunohistochemistry assay,immunoblot,quantitative real-time PCR,and immunoelectron microscopy to determine the expression and subcellular distribution of AQP3,AQP8 and AQP9.Results Our result showed that AQP8 and AQP9 were distributed in bile canaliculus membrane,inner mitochondrial membrane and other subcellular structures in rat hepatocytes.After chronic alcohol intake,AQP8 and AQP9 membranous expression in liver were reduced;in hepatocytes,labeling density of AQP8 in bile canaliculus membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane were downregulated while labeling density of AQP9 in bile canaliculus membrane was increased.The membranous/cytoplasmic expression ratio of AQP3 and AQP8 in ileum were both upregulated;the membranous/cytoplasmic expression ratio of AQP8 and AQP9 in colon were downregulated.In conclusion,our study showed that chronic alcohol intake altered the expression and subcellular distribution of AQP3,AQP8 and AQP9.Conclusions Our study suggested that disordered subcellular distribution of AQP3,8 and 9 participate in the development of ALD.

Development of vaccines for prevention of Klebsiella pneumoniae / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common cause of nosocomial respiratory tract,and the second most frequent cause of Gram-negative bacteraemia and urinary tract infections.Drug resistant isolates remain an important hospital-acquired bacterial pathogen,prolong hospital stays,and are especially problematic in high impact medical areas such as intensive care units.A variety of preventive measures were applied to reduce such incidences.The immune therapies for Klebsiella pneumoniae include active immunization and passive immunization.Many trials for constructing effective vaccines are followed,including inactivated vaccines,polysaccharide vaccine,conjugate vaccine,protein vaccine,and nano vaccine.This review was about the development of vaccines for the prevention ofKlebsiella pneumoniae.

Clinical application evaluation and revision suggestions of clinical practice guideline on traditional Chinese medicine therapy alone or combined with antibiotics for acute pharyngitis / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of this study is to analyze the obstructive factors of clinical practice guideline on traditional Chinese medicine therapy alone or combined with antibiotics for acute pharyngitis, and summarize the revision suggestions for follow-up revision and promotion. Clinical physicians from 181 hospitals in 27 regions of China were selected to complete the online questionnaire survey for statistical analysis of obstructive factors. We collected 501 copies of the applicability evaluation questionnaire and 503 copies of the application evaluation questionnaire. The obstructive factors mainly focused on limitation of the Guideline, inconvenience of access, particularity of primary medical structure and uneven distribution of surveyed subjects. As for amendments, it was suggested to improve the syndrome differentiation, indications, prescriptions, and add characteristic TCM therapies in Chinese medicine; it was suggested to clarify the time to use antibiotics in Western medicine. According to the results of this study, the relevant contents of the Guideline should be further improved so as to be better applied in clinical practice.

Prior switching to a second-line nonsteroidal antiandrogen does not impact the therapeutic efficacy of abiraterone acetate in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a real-world retrospective study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Even in the era of novel targeted agents, switching to a second-line nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) is still widely used in treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), especially in undeveloped countries. However, whether prior treatment with a second-line NSAA would impact the efficacy of abiraterone acetate (Abi) remains uncertain. In the current study, 87 mCRPC patients treated with Abi were analyzed. Among them, 21 were treated with a second-line NSAA (from bicalutamide to flutamide) before receiving abiraterone, while the remaining 66 received Abi directly. Therapeutic efficacy of Abi was compared between those with and without prior second-line NSAA using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test, and Cox regression models. The therapeutic efficacy of Abi was similar between those with or without the prior switching treatment of flutamide, in terms of either prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival (PSA-PFS, 5.5 vs 5.6 months, P = 0.967), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS, 12.8 vs 13.4 months, P = 0.508), overall survival (OS, not reached vs 30.6 months, P = 0.606), or PSA-response rate (71.4% [15/21] vs 60.6% [40/66], P = 0.370). This is the first time that the impact of prior switching of treatment to a second-line NSAA on the efficacy of Abi in mCRPC patients has been addressed. Our data support that, use of prior sequential bicalutamide and flutamide does not seem to preclude response to abiraterone, although larger cohort studies and, ideally, a randomized controlled trial are needed. These findings will facilitate doctors' decision-making in the treatment of mCRPC patients, especially for those with previous experience of switching NSAA second-line treatments in the clinic.

Observation of the clinical efficacy of the bone filling bag vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effects of bone filling bag vertebroplasty in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 127 patients (145 vertebrae) with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures who corresponded the criteria of inclusion and exclusion from December 2015 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Responsible vertebral bodies were identified by clinical situation, X-rays, CT scan, MRI. Among them, 95 cases (110 vertebrae) were treated by percutaneons kyphoplasty (PKP group), there were 34 males (42 vertebrae) and 61 females (68 vertebrae), with an average age of (73.92±7.14) years, 47 thoracic vertebra (T₈-T₁₂) and 63 lumbar vertebra (L₁-L₅). Other 32 patients (35 vertebrae) were treated by bone filling bag vertebroplasty(bone filling bag vertebroplasty group). There were 11 males (12 vertebrae) and 21 females (23 vertebrae), with an average age of (71.56±7.89) years, 16 thoracic vertebra (T₉-T₁₂) and 19 lumbar vertebra(L₁-L₅). Postoperative pain after 3 days, vertebral body height, improvement of lumbar function were recorded and bone cement diffusion and leakage were observed by X-rays.@*RESULTS@#All operations were successful and no complications were found. In bone filling bag vertebroplasty group, operation time was (31.75±4.99) min, postoperative VAS score at 3 days was(2.38±0.94) points, anterior and middle height of the vertebral body were(19.54±2.36) mm and (18.16±2.65) mm, respectively; ODI score was(25.19±5.49) points, all above items after operation were better than preoperation(0.05). Bone cement was patchy, clumpy or slightly dispersed by X-rays at 3 days after operation, the leakage rate of bone cement in bone filling bag vertebroplasty group was 2.86%(1/35), while was 6.36%(18/110) in PKP group, all of them were "trailing sign", there was significant difference between two groups (<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The clinical effect of bone filling bag vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures is similar to percutaneous kyphoplasty, it can effectively relieve the pain, restore part vertebral body height and obviously reduce the leakage rate, with safer, it is a simple, rapid and effective therapeutic method.

Predictive efficacy of the 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology Gleason grading system in initially diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

We compared the predictive ability of the 2014 and 2005 Gleason grading systems in 568 patients initially diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer (PCA). Outcomes included the duration of castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate analyses and log-rank tests were used to identify prognosis indicators and assess univariable differences in CFS and OS in Gleason score (GS) groups. Cox proportional hazards and area under the curves of receiver operator characteristics methods were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the 2005 and 2014 ISUP grading systems. Univariate analyses showed that the 2005 and 2014 grading systems were prognosticators for CFS and OS; both systems could distinguish the clinical outcome of patients with GS 6, GS 7, and GS 8-10. Using the 2014 criteria, no statistical differences in patient survival were observed between GS 3 + 4 and GS 4 + 3 or GS 8 and GS 9-10. The predictive ability of the 2014 and 2005 grading systems was comparable for CFS and OS (P = 0.321). However, the 2014 grading system did not exhibit superior predictive efficacy in patients initially diagnosed with PCA and bone metastasis; trials using larger cohorts are required to confirm its predictive value. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study to compare the 2005 and 2014 grading systems in initially diagnosed PCA with bone metastasis. At present, we recommend that both systems should be used to predict the prognosis of patients with metastatic PCA.

Analysis of schistosomiasis endemic status of national surveillance sites in Yunnan Province,2016 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To master the prevalence status of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province in 2016,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy and intervention measures. Methods The schistosomiasis heavy-endemic villages were selected from each of 18 endemic counties as the survey sites. Then,the serological and etiological tests were carried out in the local residents and floating population,and the infection status of the livestock,field feces and Oncomelania hupensis snails were surveyed. Results The serum positive rate of schistosomiasis of local residents was 8.78％and the serum positive rate was 2.26％of floating population. No schistosome eggs were found in the stool examinations in the population. The area with snails was 80.0546 hm2 in 2016 with an increasing rate of 45.47％compared to that in 2015. The average density of living snails was 0.0317/0.1 m2. No schistosome-infected snails were found for the last four years and no new area with snails was found for the last three years. No positive livestock or feces were found. Conclusions The schistosomiasis epidemic situation is stabilized in Yunnan Province in 2016. However,the area with snails and the number of living snails are increasing,and therefore,the schis-tosomiasis epidemic risk still exists. So,the comprehensive control measures should be strengthened continuously.

Microsurgical anatomy of ophthalmic segment of internal carotid artery by the lateral orbital keyhole approach / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To study the anatomical features and operative significance of ophthalmic segment of internal carotid artery by the lateral orbital keyhole approach .Methods Selected 15 cases (30 sides) adult cadavers with formalin perfusion including 2 fresh cadavers perfused with red and blue latex and simulated by lateral orbital keyhole craniotomy .Surgical microscope was used to observe the morphologi-cal characteristics ,adjacent relaionship and important perforating vessels of the ophthalmic artery segment of internal carotid artery .The data measured after the brain was removed from the brain .Results The ophthalmic segment of internal carotid artery originated from the distal dura ring of upper cavernous sinus sphenoidalis and ended at the initial side of posterior communicating artery .The anterior half segment was blocked by the anterior process and the optic nerve and sent out fibrous structures to wrap the surrounding tissue .The starting point of oph-thalmic artery located at 5 mm of anterior end of the anterior process in 28 sides (82.4％),5 mm of the medial aspect of the anterior process in 22 sides (64.7％).The superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) could send 2 to 3 grades of perforating vessels to supply the anterior optic nerve,optic chiasma and pituitary stalk .Conclusion When we treat sellar region lesions by the lateral orbital keyhole approach ,especially for clipping the aneurysm at the ophthalmic segment ,we should expertly master the anatomical features of ophthalmic segment of internal ca -rotid artery,focus on protecting these perforating vessels ,and it has important clinical significance for the prognosis of the patients .