RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical cytogenetic features and prognosis of myeloid leukemia patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow direct method and/or 24h culture without phytohaemagglutimin(PHA) were used to prepare the chromosomes and karyotype analysis was performed with R-banding and G-banding techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 420 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 223 cases were found to exhibit clonal chromosome abnormalities, accounted for 53.1%. t(8; 21), t(15; 17), inv(16)and del(11) were specifically associated with M2b, M3, M4Eo and M5 respectively. Out of 158 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 96.8% (153/158) were found to exhibit clonal chromosome abnormalities. T(9;22) was specifically associated with CML and some cases of M0, M1 and M2. In these myeloid leukemia cases, there were 18 cases (AML 13 cases, CML 15 cases) without clonal chromosome abnormalities, accounted for 3.1% (18/578) and this phenomenon agreed with the diagnose of clinical signs, marrow morphology and immunology incompletely.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Karyotype analysis was not only helpful to the diagnose and differential diagnose of myeloid leukemia, but also an important standard of the remission, relapse and therapeutic effect of myeloid leukemia. Chromosome analysis can be made exactly with the probe and FISH technique on the basic of chromosome karyotype analysis.</p>