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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of extracellular ubiquitin on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of hepatoma cells by in vitro cell experiments. MethodsThe hepatoma cells (HepG2) were treated with extracellular ubiquitin at different concentrations (200, 400, and 800 ng/ml); CCK-8 assay was used to observe cell proliferation, Transwell assay was used to observe the effect of extracellular ubiquitin at different concentrations on the invasion ability of hepatoma cells, and wound healing assay and Western blotting were used to observe the effect of extracellular ubiquitin on the migration ability of hepatoma cells. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsThe CCK-8 assay showed that extracellular ubiquitin significantly promoted the proliferation of hepatoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most significant effect at the concentration of 400 ng/ml, and the intervention group had a significantly higher relative absorbance value than the control group at 48, 72, and 96 hours (all P＜0.05). The Transwell assay showed that different concentrations of extracellular ubiquitin significantly promoted the invasion of hepatoma cells, with the most significant effect in the group treated by 400 ng/ml extracellular ubiquitin (134.00±8.18 vs 347.33±18.90, P＜0.001). The Wound healing assay and Western blotting showed that 400 ng/ml extracellular ubiquitin significantly increased the migration ability of HepG2 cells. ConclusionExtracellular ubiquitin can significantly promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HepG2 cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical value of endoscopic interventional therapy for locally recurrent primary lung adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).@*Methods@#The clinical data of 42 patients with locally recurrent ACC were retrospectively analyzed, and the differences of tracheal and bronchial diameter, airway scoring grade and airway obstruction degree before and after treatment were compared among three treatment methods: bronchoscopic interventional therapy + palliative radiotherapy, interventional therapy alone, and non-interventional therapy. Log rank test and Cox proportional risk model multi-factor analysis were used to determine the prognostic factors of ACC patients with local recurrence, and the long-term effect of bronchoscopic interventional therapy on ACC with local recurrence was determined.@*Results@#The median overall survival of 42 patients was 59 months and 5-year survival rate was 54.2%.Univariate analysis showed that vascularized cancer, pleural invasion, pulmonary atelectasis, incisal margin, microscopic classification, tumor diameter, initial TNM stage, ki-67 index, and treatment after local recurrence were associated with long-term survival of ACC patients with local recurrence (all P<0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that margin status (RR=0.272, P=0.011), tumor diameter (RR=2.586, P=0.005), initial TNM staging (RR=0.369, P=0.035), ki-67 index (RR=3.569, P<0.001), and treatment methods after local recurrence (RR=0.126, P<0.001) were independent factors influencing the prognosis of ACC patients with local recurrence. After three months of treatment, the tracheal bronchus diameters, rating of shortness of breath, and degree of airway obstruction were all improved significantly (all P<0.05), both in the interventional therapy + palliative radiotherapy group [(14.5±2.8 mm, 0.86±0.45, (14.50±10.67)%, respectively], and the interventional therapy alone group [(13.7±2.3) mm, 0.97±0.25, (15.38±12.02)%, respectively]. Meanwhile, the difference before and after non-interventional therapy was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). 5-year overall survival rates were 55.8%, 46.6% and 42.6% for patients undergoing interventional therapy+ palliative radiotherapy, interventional therapy alone, and non-interventional therapy after recurrence, with statistically significant differences (P=0.015). Patients underwent bronchial endoscopic interventional therapy and palliative radiotherapy had the best efficacy of treatment.@*Conclusion@#Endoscopic interventional therapy plus palliative radiotherapy is an effective local palliative treatment for locally recurrent ACC patients, which can rapidly relieve airway stenosis, improve the quality of life of patients and prolong the survival time of patients.