Research of Establishing of Standard Radiation Qualities and Radiation Conditions for Use in the Determination and Characteristics of Medical Diagnostic X-ray Equipment / 中国医疗器械杂志

The standard of YY/T 0481-2004 Medical diagnostic X-ray equipment-Radiation conditions for use in the determination and characteristics has been revised and replaced in 2012. This paper first introduces the key technical problems to be solved in establishing standard radiation quality and radiation conditions by comparing the main changes of the two versions standards, including the expression of radiation quality and radiation conditions, the measurement of X-ray tube voltage, and the measuring of the practical peak voltage. Then it introduces a procedure for establishing standard radiation quality and radiation conditions.

Primary effect of acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

The primary effect is out of the conception of the psychology, which emphasizes the importance of the initial stimuli. Although the primary effect of acupuncture and moxibustion happens and is applied constantly in clinic, the conception, connotation and application of it had not been explained definitely yet. The writers attempt to explain the characteristics, theoretic significance and clinical values of the clinical primary, effect of acupuncture and moxibustion based on the conception of it so as to provide a certain of reference to the study on the clinical primary effect of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Thinking on current treatment situation of acupuncture foe functional defecation disorders / 中国针灸

In order to optimize acupuncture treatment protocol for functional defecation disorders, literature during past 20 years is reviewed, and factors which influences acupuncture therapeutic effect are analyzed from aspects of acupoint, acupuncture technique, etc. As for the selection of acupoint, more attention should be paid on the use of Baliao, especially Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34); when Baliao is deeply needled, it is essential to acquire scientific technique. The relationship between acupuncture parameter (including electroacupuncture waveform and frequency), acupuncture techniques (including reinforcing and reducing technique, quantity of stimulation, etc. ) and acupuncture efficacy is complicated, and the scientific values of present research conclusion are in need, of further improvement. The diagnosis and treatment awareness on types of functional defecation should be strengthened, and the mental health of the constipation patients should be concerned. The combination of acupuncture and biofeedback training can have a synergistic effect, which is benefit to achieve a better long-term effect. Based on this, acupuncture treatment protocol for functional defecation disorders can be optimized to further improve the efficacy.