Fracturas de cadera por estrés en hombres en entrenamiento militar / Stress hip fractures in men in military training

Resumen: Introducción: Las fracturas por estrés son lesiones comunes en la población militar, inician con la imposición de esfuerzo repetitivo y excesivo al hueso. Esto conduce a la aceleración de la remodelación del hueso, la producción de microfracturas. La incidencia durante su entrenamiento básico de combate es de 0.8 a 5.1% para hombres comparado contra 1.1 a 18% entre mujeres. Presentamos una serie de fracturas por estrés de cadera en jóvenes militares masculinos con entrenamiento progresivo de ocho horas al día durante un período de 14 semanas. Resultados: Media de edad 19.72 años, cuatro fracturas transcervicales y siete basicervicales, seis desplazadas y cinco no, 54.5% derechas. Todos tratados con osteosíntesis, sistema de placa de compresión bloqueable con hoja espiral de cadera (DHHS) en tres, tornillos canulados en tres y el sistema de fijación femoral proximal con clavo trocantérico (TFN) en cinco pacientes. El único factor común en todos ellos fue el entrenamiento militar intensivo, se descartó patología de origen metabólico o endocrino. Inicio de la sintomatología medido en semanas con una media de 5. Todos los pacientes presentaron un retraso del diagnóstico con una media de 12.09 días en el momento del diagnóstico definitivo. Conclusión: El diagnóstico en las fracturas por estrés debe realizarse con base en la sospecha clínica, ya que el dolor es insidioso y en el relato del padecimiento actual los pacientes no logran identificar un momento exacto como inicio de lesión. Los resultados funcionales fueron buenos y todos ellos lograron terminar su entrenamiento militar.

Abstract: Introduction: Stress fractures are common injuries in the military population, they begin with the imposition of repetitive and excessive effort on the bone. This leads to the acceleration of bone remodeling and production of microfractures. The incidence, during their basic combat training, is 0.8 to 5.1% for men compared to 1.1 to 18% among women. We present a series of hip stress fractures in young male military men with progressive training of 8 hours a day over a period of 14 weeks. Results: Mean age 19.72 years, 4 transcervical and 7 basicervical fractures, 6 displaced and 5 no, 54.5 % right. All treated with osteosynthesis, DHHS (blockable compression plate system with hip spiral blade) in 3, cannulated screws in 3 and the proximal femoral fixation system with trochanteric nail (TFN) in five patients. The only common factor in all of them was intensive military training, pathology of metabolic or endocrine origin was ruled out. Onset of symptomatology measured in weeks with an average of 5. All patients had a delay in diagnosis with an average of 12.09 days at the time of definitive diagnosis. Conclusion: The diagnosis in stress fractures should be made based on clinical suspicion since the pain is insidious and in the report of the current condition patients fail to identify an exact moment as the onset of injury. The functional results were good and all of them managed to finish their military training.

Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian-related cats in Brazil / Prevalência da doença renal policística autossômica dominante em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas no Brasil

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disease in cats. However, scarce data on its prevalence are available in Brazil. Persian cats and Persian-related breeds were assessed by molecular genotyping for a C to A transversion in exon 29 of PKD1 gene to determine ADPKD prevalence in a Brazilian population. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral whole blood or oral swabs samples was used to amplify exon 29 of PKD1 gene employing a PCR-RFLP methodology. From a total of 616 animals, 27/537 Persian and 1/17 Himalayan cats showed the single-nucleotide variant (C to A) at position 3284 in exon 29 of feline PKD1. This pathogenic variation has been identified only in heterozygous state. The prevalence of ADPKD in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds was 5.03% and 1.6%, respectively. There was no significant association between feline breed, gender or age with ADPKD prevalence. Of note, the observed ADPKD prevalence in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds in Brazil was lower than the ones reported in other parts of the world. This finding may be related to genetic counseling and consequent selection of ADPKD-free cats for reproduction.

A doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD) é a doença genética mais comum em gatos. No entanto, poucos dados sobre sua prevalência estão disponíveis no Brasil. Gatos Persas e de raças relacionadas foram avaliados por genotipagem molecular para a transversão C→A no exon 29 do gene PKD1 felino para determinar a prevalência de DRPAD. DNA genômico extraído de sangue total periférico ou amostras de swabs orais foram utilizados para amplificar o exon 29 do gene PKD1 pela técnica de PCR-RFLP. De um total de 616 gatos, 27/537 Persas e 1/17 Himalaia mostraram a variante de nucleotídeo único (C→A) na posição 3284 no exon 29 do gene PKD1. Esta variante patogênica foi identificada apenas em heterozigose. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas foram de 5,03% e 1,6%, respectivamente. Não houve associações significativas entre raça, gênero ou idade dos felinos e incidência de DRPAD. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas no Brasil foi menor do que em outras partes do mundo, o que pode estar relacionado ao aconselhamento genético e consequente seleção de gatos sem ADPKD para reprodução.

Niveles de IGF-1 en la plastía de ligamento cruzado anterior de rodilla empleando aloinjerto vs autoinjerto en pacientes del Hospital Central Militar / IGF-1 levels in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using allograft vs autograft in patients at Central Military Hospital

Resumen: Antecedentes: El tratamiento para la lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es la reconstrucción quirúrgica. Se desconoce si el resultado mejora, pues depende del tipo de injerto empleado. El factor de crecimiento semejante a la insulina tipo 1(IGF-1) es un potente estimulante de matriz extracelular y del crecimiento de condrocitos. Material y métodos: Estudio experimental, analítico, prospectivo, longitudinal en pacientes con reconstrucción del LCA en un período comprendido entre los años 2016 y 2017. Se determinó la concentración de IGF-1 en el líquido sinovial de estos pacientes operados con aloinjerto y autoinjerto además de determinar su asociación con la evolución postoperatoria. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó ANOVA de dos vías post hoc con la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Dentro del grupo de aloinjerto, se identificó un aumento significativo de IGF-1 a los 90 días del postoperatorio. En el grupo de autoinjerto, se observó un aumento significativo de IGF-1 desde los 30 días de postoperatorio. Se encontró además que el grupo de autoinjerto presentó niveles significativamente más altos de IGF-1 (3.27 ± 0.09 ng/ml) en comparación con el grupo de aloinjerto (2.80 ± 0.11 ng/ml; p < 0.001) a los 90 días después de la colocación del injerto. Discusión: Los niveles de IGF-1 fueron más altos en pacientes con injerto autólogo; la funcionalidad de la rodilla fue clínicamente similar en ambos grupos a los 30 y 90 días.

Abstract: Background: Treatment of ACL injury is surgical reconstruction. It is not known whether the result is better depending on the type of graft used. Insulin-like growth factor type 1(IGF-1) is a powerful stimulant of extracellular matrix and chondrocyte growth. Material and methods: Experimental, analytical, prospective, longitudinal study in patients with ACL reconstruction in a period from 2016 to 2017. The concentration of IGF-1 in synovial fluid of these patients operated with allograft and autograft was determined, its association with postoperative evolution was determined. For statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA with Mann-Whitney post-hoc U was used. Results: A significant increase in IGF-1 was identified in the allograft group at 90 days of postopertory. In the autograft group, a significant increase in IGF-1 was observed from 30 days of postoperative. The autograft group was found to have significantly higher levels of IGF-1 (3.27 ± 0.09 ng/ml) compared to the allograft group (2.80 ± 0.11 ng/ml; p < 0.001) at 90 days after graft placement. Discussion: IGF-1 levels were higher in patients with autologous graft, knee functionality was clinically similar in both groups at 30 and 90 days.

Imagens do ato de amamentar como cuidado em saúde: a percepção das próprias nutrizes / Images of the act of breastfeeding as health care: the perception of the mothers themselves

Objetivo: analisar a percepção das nutrizes sobre o ato de aleitar, a partir da própria imagem fotográfica. Método: estudo qualitativo do tipo descritivo-exploratório, realizado com 10 puérperas numa maternidade de risco habitual. Coleta de dados ocorreu após apresentação das fotografias das próprias nutrizes, amamentando na sala de parto e puerpério, com entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas no domicílio das participantes e, posteriormente, estas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: as imagens tridimensionais dessas mulheres vivenciando a lactação, refletiu a rede de cuidados à amamentação no pré-natal, parto e puerpério presente na atuação dos profissionais de saúde, tendo em vista o alcance do sucesso da amamentação. Conclusão: a percepção da nutriz acerca da própria imagem corporal durante o aleitamento, foi considerada a expressão de um momento singular resultante do processo profissional de cuidado em saúde para o sucesso da vivência da amamentação.

Objective: to analyze the mothers' perception of the act of breastfeeding, from the photographic image itself. Method: qualitative study of the descriptive-exploratory type, carried out with 10 puerperal in a maternity unit at usual risk. Data collection occurred after presenting the photographs of the mothers themselves, during breastfeeding in the delivery room and puerperium, using a semi-structured interview conducted in their homes and later, these were submitted to thematic content analysis. Results: the three-dimensional images of these women experiencing lactation reflected the network of breastfeeding care in the prenatal, delivery and puerperium present in the health professionals’ performance, in view of the success of breastfeeding. Conclusion: the nurturers’ perception about her own body image during breastfeeding was considered the expression of a singular moment resulting from the professional process of health care for the success of breastfeeding experience.

Diagnostic accuracy of thromboelastometry and its correlation with the HPLC-MS/MS quantification test

The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of thromboelastometry for assessing rivaroxaban concentrations. The accuracy of thromboelastometry was compared with the high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method, which is the gold standard for drug plasma monitoring (the reference standard). Forty-six clinically stable patients were treated with 10, 15, or 20 mg of rivaroxaban once daily (OD group) or 15 mg twice a day (BID group) (no particular indication for treatment). Patient samples were collected 2 h after the use of the medication (peak) and 2 h before the next dose (trough). The rivaroxaban plasma concentrations were determined via HPLC-MS/MS, and thromboelastometry was performed using a ROTEM® delta analyzer. There were significant prolongations in clotting time (CT) for the 10, 15, and 20 mg of rivaroxaban treatments in the OD groups. In the 15 mg BID group, the responses at the peak and trough times were similar. At the peak times, there was a positive correlation between the plasma concentration of rivaroxaban and CT (Spearman correlation rho=0.788, P<0.001) and clot formation time (rho=0.784, P<0.001), and a negative correlation for alpha angle (rho=−0.771, P<0.001), amplitude after 5 min (rho=−0.763, P<0.001), and amplitude after 10 min (rho=−0.680, P<0.001). The CT presented higher specificity and sensitivity using the cut-off determined by the receiver characteristics curve. ROTEM has potential as screening tool to measure possible bleeding risk associated with rivaroxaban plasma levels.

Morbimortalidad en trauma ortopédico de alta energía: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo / Morbimortality of High-energy Orthopedic Trauma: a Descriptive Retrospective Study / Morbimortalidade em trauma ortopédico de alta energia: estudo descritivo retrospective

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la mortalidad y las principales complicaciones secundarias en los pacientes con trauma ortopédico de alta energía, admitidos en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes, en un período de 18 meses, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión luego de realizar la búsqueda en la base de datos del Hospital. Se revisaron 10 259 historias clínicas, de las cuales 161 cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Las variables cuantitativas se analizaron mediante medias y desviaciones estándar, y las cualitativas, a través de frecuencias y proporciones. El análisis estadístico se efectuó con el SPSS® 21. Resultados: La mayoría de pacientes afectados correspondía al sexo masculino (80,7 %), con edad promedio de 37,5 años; el principal hueso afectado fue la tibia (68,3 %). El principal mecanismo de trauma fue accidente de tránsito (82 %), siendo la motocicleta el vehículo involucrado con mayor frecuencia (65,8 %). La mortalidad fue baja, fallecieron tres pacientes. Las principales complicaciones fueron osteomielitis crónica y tromboembolismo pulmonar (7,4 y 6,8 %, respectivamente). Dieciséis pacientes requirieron ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (9,9 %), con un promedio de estancia de 6,9 días. Conclusiones: El trauma ortopédico de alta energía no es un factor de mortalidad independiente; sin embargo, impacta sobre la salud pública, debido a la discapacidad que esta lesión genera en individuos laboralmente activos, lo que lleva a ausentismo laboral y pérdida de la productividad.

Abstract Objective: to describe the mortality and the main secondary complications in patients with high-energy orthopedic trauma treated at the emergency service of the Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación. Methodology: descriptive retrospective study carried out in an 18-month period with patients following the inclusion criteria and after a search conducted in the hospital's database. 10,259 patient medical records were reviewed, out of which 161 followed the inclusion criteria. The quantitative variables were analyzed by standard means and deviations. The qualitative variables were analyzed by frequency and proportions. Results: most of the affected patients were males (80.7%), with a mean age of 37.5 years, the most affected bone was the tibia (68.3). Transit accident was the main mechanism of trauma (82%), and the most frequently involved vehicle was the motorcycle (65.8%). There was a low mortality of three patients. The main complications were chronic osteomyelitis and pulmonary thromboembolism (7.4% and 6.8%, respectively). Sixteen patients needed attention in the Intensive Care Unit (9.9%), remaining there for an average of 6.9 days. Conclusions: high-energy orthopedic trauma is not an independent mortality factor. However, it affects public health by generating medical leaves of active workers, which causes work absences and diminishes productivity.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever a mortalidade e as principais complicações secundárias nos pacientes com trauma ortopédico de alta energia, tratados no serviço de urgências do Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación. Metodologia: foi feito um estudo descritivo retrospectivo dos pacientes, em 18 meses, respeitando critérios de inclusão após realizar a pesquisa na base de dados do Hospital. Revisaram-se 10 259 histórias clínicas, das quais 161 acatavam os critérios de inclusão. As variáveis quantitativas analisaram-se por meio de medições e desvios standards. As variáveis qualitativas analisaram-se através de frequências e proporções. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes afetados eram de sexo masculino (80,7 %), com idade média de 37,5 anos, o principal osso afetado foi a tíbia (68,3 %). O principal mecanismo de trauma foi acidente de trânsito (82%), sendo a motocicleta o veículo envolvido com mais frequência (65,8 %). A mortalidade foi baixa, morreram três pacientes. As principais complicações foram a ostomielite crônica e o tromboembolismo pulmonar (7,4 e 6,8 %, respetivamente). Dezesseis pacientes precisaram atenção na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (9,9%), com média de tempo na uti de 6,9 dias. Conclusões: o trauma ortopédico de alta energia não é um fator de mortalidade independente. Porém, afeta a saúde pública pelo impedimento gerado em pessoas que trabalham, porque elas devem se ausentar dos seus labores e a produtividade diminui.

Orthotopic tumorgrafts in nude mice as a model to evaluate calcitriol effects in breast cancer / Modelo de enxerto tumoral ortotópico em camundongos para avaliar os efeitos do calcitriol em câncer de mama

Abstract Calcitriol antiproliferative effects were observed in xenografts of breast cancer cell lines, however they were not yet investigated in tumorgrafts, consisting of freshly collected breast cancer samples xenografted into animals. Objectives To establish a tumorgraft model, from freshly collected breast cancer samples, which were directly implanted in nude mice, to study calcitriol effects. Methods Breast cancer samples collected from 12 patients were orthotopically implanted into nude mice. Animals were treated with weekly intratumoral injections of calcitriol 3 μg/Kg, which was previously shown to induce peak serum calcitriol levels in the predicted therapeutic range. Results Success engraftment rate was 25%. Tumorgrafts were established from aggressive (HER2 positive or histological grade 3) highly proliferative samples and original tumor characteristics were preserved. Calcitriol highly induced its target gene, CYP24A1, indicating that the genomic vitamin D pathway is active in tumorgrafts. However, no differences in the expression of proliferation and apoptosis markers (BrdU incorporation, Ki67, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, BCL2 expression) were observed in these highly proliferative tumor samples. Conclusions Tumorgrafts seem a promising model to explore other calcitriol doses and regimens, considering the heterogeneity of the disease and microenvironment interactions.

Resumo Os efeitos antiproliferativos de calcitriol foram observados em xenotransplantes de linhagens celulares de câncer de mama, entretanto, não foram ainda investigados em enxertos tumorais, consistindo de implantes em animais de amostras de câncer de mama recém-coletadas. Objetivos Estabelecer modelo de enxerto tumoral, a partir de amostra de câncer de mama recém-coletada e diretamente implantada em camundongos nude, para estudar o efeito do calcitriol. Métodos Amostras de câncer de mama de 12 pacientes foram implantadas ortotopicamente em camundongos nude. Os animais foram tratados com injeção intratumoral semanal de calcitriol 3 μg/Kg, a qual foi previamente associada com indução de pico sérico de calcitriol dentro do intervalo de nível terapêutico. Resultados A taxa de sucesso de pega do enxerto foi de 25%. Os enxertos tumorais foram estabelecidos de tumores agressivos com alta taxa de proliferação (HER2 positivo ou grau histológico 3) e as características do tumor original foram preservadas. O calcitriol induziu fortemente a expressão do gene alvo, CYP24A1, indicando que a via genômica da vitamina D está ativa nos enxertos tumorais, entretanto, não se observou diferenças na expressão de marcadores de proliferação e apoptose (incorporação de BrdU, expressão de Ki67, CDKN1A, CDKN1B e BCL2) nestas amostras altamente proliferativas. Conclusões Os enxertos tumorais parecem ser um modelo promissor para explorar outros esquemas e doses de calcitriol, considerando a heterogeneidade da doença e interações com o microambiente.

Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian-related cats in Brazil

Abstract Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic disease in cats. However, scarce data on its prevalence are available in Brazil. Persian cats and Persian-related breeds were assessed by molecular genotyping for a C to A transversion in exon 29 of PKD1 gene to determine ADPKD prevalence in a Brazilian population. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral whole blood or oral swabs samples was used to amplify exon 29 of PKD1 gene employing a PCR-RFLP methodology. From a total of 616 animals, 27/537 Persian and 1/17 Himalayan cats showed the single-nucleotide variant (C to A) at position 3284 in exon 29 of feline PKD1. This pathogenic variation has been identified only in heterozygous state. The prevalence of ADPKD in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds was 5.03% and 1.6%, respectively. There was no significant association between feline breed, gender or age with ADPKD prevalence. Of note, the observed ADPKD prevalence in Persian cats and Persian-related breeds in Brazil was lower than the ones reported in other parts of the world. This finding may be related to genetic counseling and consequent selection of ADPKD-free cats for reproduction.

Resumo A doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD) é a doença genética mais comum em gatos. No entanto, poucos dados sobre sua prevalência estão disponíveis no Brasil. Gatos Persas e de raças relacionadas foram avaliados por genotipagem molecular para a transversão CA no exon 29 do gene PKD1 felino para determinar a prevalência de DRPAD. DNA genômico extraído de sangue total periférico ou amostras de swabs orais foram utilizados para amplificar o exon 29 do gene PKD1 pela técnica de PCR-RFLP. De um total de 616 gatos, 27/537 Persas e 1/17 Himalaia mostraram a variante de nucleotídeo único (CA) na posição 3284 no exon 29 do gene PKD1. Esta variante patogênica foi identificada apenas em heterozigose. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas foram de 5,03% e 1,6%, respectivamente. Não houve associações significativas entre raça, gênero ou idade dos felinos e incidência de DRPAD. A prevalência de DRPAD em gatos Persas e raças relacionadas no Brasil foi menor do que em outras partes do mundo, o que pode estar relacionado ao aconselhamento genético e consequente seleção de gatos sem ADPKD para reprodução.

Choroid plexus papilloma in a Rottweiler: computed tomographic, gross morfological and histological features / Papiloma do plexo coroide em um cão da raça Rottweiler: aspectos tomográficos, macroscópicos e histológicos

Among the tumors affecting the choroid plexus in dogs, the papilloma ranks second place in incidence after cell carcinoma tumors. Presumptive diagnosis can be made through imaging methods, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. Definitive diagnosis of plexus choroid tumor is based on histopathological findings. This report presented the tomographic features of the brain in a 6-year-old intact female Rottweiler with choroid plexus papilloma. The computed tomography showed right lateral ventricle enlargement, midline deviation and an enhanced mass into the postcontrast phase. At necropsy, a mass on the floor of the right lateral ventricle was observed, associated with important ventricle dilatation. The histopathological analysis demonstrated the presence of neoplastic cell forms with papillary projections. The computed tomography proved to be an effective tool in the presumptive diagnosis of this kind of cerebral disorder.

Dentre os tumores que afetam o plexo coroide em cães, o papiloma figura como o segundo tipo de maior incidência, antecedido apenas pelo carcinoma. O diagnóstico presuntivo pode ser elaborado por meio de métodos de imagem, como a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética. O diagnóstico definitivo de tumor do plexo coroide é estabelecido com base nos achados histopatológicos. Relatamos os aspectos tomográficos do crânio em uma fêmea de 6 anos, inteira, da raça Rottweiler, com papiloma do plexo coroide. A tomografia computadorizada revelou dilatação do ventrículo lateral direito, desvio da linha média e a presença de uma massa, que sofreu realce na fase pós-contraste. À necropsia, foi observada uma massa sobre o assoalho do ventrículo lateral direito, associada à importante dilatação ventricular. A análise histopatológica demonstrou a presença de células poligonais neoplásicas, arranjadas em papilas longas. A tomografia computadorizada apresentou-se como uma ferramenta eficaz no diagnóstico presuntivo desse tipo de alteração cerebral.

Comparación de dos métodos para reducir la pérdida insensible de agua en recién nacidos prematuros de muy bajo peso / Comparison of two methods to reduce the insensitive water loss in very low birth weight infant

Introducción: La pérdida insensible de agua (PIA) es mayor a menor edad gestacional y peso de nacimiento. El método estándar para reducirlas es mantener al recién nacido en un ônidoõ, con un gorro y cubierto por una lámina de plástico. Hipótesis: Una alta HR (HRA) en la incubadora (80 por ciento) es más eficaz para reducir la PIA durante las primeras 72 horas de vida, comparado con baja HR (HRB). Diseño: Ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado. Objetivo: Determinar si la PIA se reduce significativamente en una incubadora con alta HR. Población y Métodos: RN <1.500 g de peso y 32 semanas de edad gestacional colocados en una Incubadora NATAL CARE® fueron asignados a recibir HRB o alta. Se realizó control de peso, líquidos aportados, diuresis y natremia durante los primeros 3 días. Resultados: Ingresaron 20 pacientes con HRB y 21 con HRA. No se hallaron diferencias clínicas entre ellos. El máximo descenso de peso fue de 8,9 por ciento para el grupo HRA y de 14,5 por ciento para el grupo HRB (p <0,001); la recuperación del peso de nacimiento fue de 10,3 días para el grupo HRA y 16 días para el de HRB (p <0,001), la media de líquidos aportados fue de 87 y 104,4 ml/kg/día respectivamente (p <0,001). La natremia del grupo HRA fue de 134,1 mEq/l y 138,6 mEq/l para HRB (p<0,0001), se registraron 7 casos de hipernatremia en el grupo control. Conclusiones: Estos resultados indirectamente confirman que los recién nacidos prematuros manejados en un microclima de HRA, tienen menos PIA sin aumentar sus riesgos en los primeros días.

Primary endobronchial anaplastic large cell lymphoma in a pediatric patient

The authors describe a pediatric patient who presented with a 3-month history of dry cough, chest pain, progressive breathlessness, fever and recurrent pneumonia with atelectasis. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a whitish lesion at the left bronchus. A biopsy of the lesion demonstrated an anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Evaluation for disseminated disease was negative. After the patient completed chemotherapy the lesion abated and she has been in complete remission for almost 4 years. Although extranodal involvement of ALCL is frequent at some stage of the disease, endobronchial involvement is extremely rare even in the presence of advanced disease. To our knowledge, this is the first primary isolated endobronchial ALCL described in a pediatric patient.

Maternal influence on the acceptance of virgin queens introduced into Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies

The oviposition potential of honey bee queens decreases with age, therefore it is important to replace old queens with younger ones on a periodic basis. However, queen replacement is problematic, especially in Africanized honey bee colonies, since many introduced queens are not accepted, and virgin queens are less easily accepted than are mated queens. We assessed the influence of genetic origin (queen mother) on the acceptance of queens, when they were introduced as virgins into Africanized honey bee colonies. For this purpose, 12 daughter queens from each of 11 mother queens with no degree of kinship among themselves were introduced. Introductions were made monthly, for 12 months, though the winter months of June and July were not included, as there is little brood and drones are rare in winter. There was some seasonal variation in the acceptance rates; generally there was greater acceptance in months with good honey flows. However, the acceptance of introduced queens was influenced by their origin. The rate of acceptance of daughter queens from the 11 different mother queens varied significantly, ranging from 33 to 75%. There appears to be a genetic influence of the mother queen on the introduced queen acceptance rate.

Ablação de granuloma bacteriano dos seios paranasais em equino

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Aspectos ultra-sonográficos modo B, doppler colorido e power doppler nas alterações focais e/ou multifocais do parênquima esplênico de cães com suspeita de processos neoplásicos não linfóides

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Análise histológica e imuno-histoquímica de neoplasias melanocíticas cutâneas caninas

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Osteossarcoma de patela em cão. Relato de caso

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

CD4+ T cells participate in the nephropathy of canine visceral leishmaniasis

Renal involvement in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is very frequent. The renal lesions of humans and dogs are similar but their pathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated. There is growing evidence that the cellular immune response is involved in the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated glomerulonephritis. Since T cells could participate in the pathogenesis of nephropathy, in the present study we investigated the possible involvement of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the nephropathy of canine VL. Six dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi from the endemic area in the Northeast of Brazil, the town of Teresina in the State of Piauí, were studied. An expressive inflammatory infiltrate of CD4+ T cells both in glomeruli and in interstitium was present in 4 animals and absent in 2. CD8+ T cells were detected only in one animal. CD4+ T cells alone were observed in 3 animals; when CD8+ T cells were present CD4+ T cells were also present. CD4+ T cells were observed in cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diffuse membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and crescentic glomerulonephritis. CD8+ T cells were present only in a case of crescentic glomerulonephritis. Leishmania antigen was detected in glomeruli and in interstitial inflammatory infiltrate in 4 animals and immunoglobulins were observed in 4 dogs. In this study we observed that T cells, in addition to immunoglobulins, are present in the renal lesion of canine VL. Further studies are in progress addressing the immunopathogenic mechanisms involving the participation of immunoglobulins and T cells in canine VL nephropathy

Effects of diazepam on Mycobacterium bovis-induced infection in hamsters

The in utero exposure of hamsters to low doses of diazepam results in impaired host defense against Mycobacterium bovis during adulthood. Delayed developmental immunotoxicity, however, represents a specific situation that might not be general. The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of diazepam on hamster resistance to M. bovis using adult animals. The effects of diazepam treatment on serum cortisol levels were also studied. Adult hamsters (N = 10 for each group) were treated with diazepam (E1 = 1.0, E2 = 2.0 or E3 = 3.0 mg kg-1 day-1 subcutaneously) or with control solution (C) for 30 days. Seven days after the beginning of the treatment, the animals received identical inoculum concentrations of M. bovis. Hamsters treated with the higher (2.0 and 3.0 mg kg-1 day-1) doses of diazepam exhibited: 1) increased granuloma areas in the liver (C = 1.81 + or - 1.39, E2 = 10.29 + or - 4.64 and E3 = 15.80 + or - 4.82) and lung (C = 0.54 + or - 0.55, E2 = 6.28 + or - 3.85 and E3 = 6.31 + + or - 3.56) and 2) increased scores of M. bovis colony-forming units isolated from liver (C = 2.0, E2 = 3.0 and E3 = 3.5), lung (C = 1.0, E2 = 3.0 and E3 = 3.5) and spleen (C = 1.0, E2 = 2.5 and E3 = 4.0). These effects were dose dependent, and were not detected or were less severe in animals treated with the lowest (1.0 mg/kg) dose of diazepam as well as in those of the control group. Furthermore, diazepam treatment (3.0 mg kg-1 day-1 for 30 days) increased (E3 = 71.32 + or - 2.99; N = 10) the serum levels of cortisol compared to control hamsters (C = 22.61 + or - 2.75; N = 10). The present data, that demonstrate an impaired defense against M. bovis in adult hamsters treated with diazepam, were tentatively explained on the basis of a direct and/or indirect action of diazepam on the cytokine network. The effects may be related to stimulation of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor binding sites (PBR) by macrophages and/or lymphocytes, or they may be mediated by PBR stimulation of the adrenals