Ketogenic diet improves low temperature tolerance in mice by up-regulating PPARα in the liver and brown adipose tissue / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of short-term ketogenic diet on the low temperature tolerance of mice and the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups: normal diet (WT+ND) group and ketogenic diet (WT+KD) group. After being fed with normal or ketogenic diet at room temperature for 2 d, the mice were exposed to 4 °C low temperature for 12 h. The changes in core temperature, blood glucose, blood pressure of mice under low temperature condition were detected, and the protein expression levels of PPARα and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) were detected by Western blot. PPARα knockout mice were divided into normal diet (PPARα-/-+ND) group and ketogenic diet (PPARα-/-+KD) group. After being fed with the normal or ketogenic diet at room temperature for 2 d, the mice were exposed to 4 °C low temperature for 12 h. The above indicators were also detected. The results showed that, at room temperature, the protein expression levels of PPARα and UCP1 in liver and brown adipose tissue of WT+KD group were significantly up-regulated, compared with those of WT+ND group. Under low temperature condition, compared with WT+ND, the core temperature and blood glucose of WT+KD group were increased, while mean arterial pressure was decreased; The ketogenic diet up-regulated PPARα protein expression in brown adipose tissue, as well as UCP1 protein expression in liver and brown adipose tissue of WT+KD group. Under low temperature condition, compared to WT+ND group, PPARα-/-+ND group exhibited decreased core temperature and down-regulated PPARα and UCP1 protein expression levels in liver, skeletal muscle, white and brown adipose tissue. Compared to the PPARα-/-+ND group, the PPARα-/-+KD group exhibited decreased core temperature and did not show any difference in the protein expression of UCP1 in liver, skeletal muscle, white and brown adipose tissue. These results suggest that the ketogenic diet promotes UCP1 expression by up-regulating PPARα, thus improving low temperature tolerance of mice. Therefore, short-term ketogenic diet can be used as a potential intervention to improve the low temperature tolerance.

Systematic Review on Treatment of Perimenopausal Syndrome with Electroacupuncture and Hormone Replacement Therapy / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome (PMS). Methods Clinical randomized controlled trial literature about electroacupuncture and HRT for the treatment of PMS in CNKI, Wanfang database, CBM, Chongqing Weipu, PubMed and Cochrane Library from establishment of the databases to 28thof January 2017 was retrieved by computers. Two researchers screened out data and extracted materials quality. Qualities of the literature were assessed by relevant standards in the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0. Meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan5.3 software. Results 6 articles with 457 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that during the treatment or the follow-up period of 6 months, there was no significant difference in the improvement of serum E2and Kupperman scores between the electroacupuncture and HRT. With the prolongation of treatment time, electroacupuncture showed superiority over HRT in depressing the level of serum FSH [MD=-5.93, 95%CI (-9.90, -1.96), P=0.003], with statistical significance. During the treatment period, the electroacupuncture group had fewer adverse reactions. Conclusion Electroacupuncture can effectively treat PMS, with similar efficacy as HRT, and with good safety, which can provide references for clinic. However, the quality of included studies is generally low, yet more large sample, multicenter, high-quality clinical RCTs are needed for further validation.