RESUMO
Novel antineoplastic drugs have significantly prolonged the survival time of cancer patients. Meanwhile, nephrotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs and its adverse effects on the prognosis of cancer patients have received increasing attention. Conventional chemotherapy causes kidney injury mainly through direct renal toxicity, while new anti-tumor drugs can induce a number of kidney damage, including acute renal tubular injury, thrombotic microangiopathy, interstitial nephritis, and glomerular diseases through multiple mechanisms. Clinicians must be knowledgeable in the renal toxicity of antineoplastic drugs to minimize the nephrotoxicity of the drugs and diagnose early, especially in patients with underlying kidney disease. This article focuses on the risk factors, clinical and histological patterns, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of renal injury associated with the antineoplastic drugs, especially novel targeted antineoplastic drugs.