Pharmaceutical care in a case of myocardial infarction complicated with antithrombotic therapy after tricuspid valve repair / 药学实践与服务

Objective To investigate the antithrombotic therapy for acute myocardial infarction patients after PCI stenting combined with tricuspid valve repair. Methods The risk of bleeding and embolization was evaluated, relevant data were reviewed, professional knowledges of pharmacy were utilized through the whole treatment process, individualized medication plan for patients was designed and used. Results A better therapeutic effect was achieved through the implementation of pharmaceutical care and medication education to the patients. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists carry out pharmaceutical care in antithrombotic drugs utilities，which could improve the safety level of drug use and provide basis for clinical rational drug use.

Clinical observation of different combined treatment regimens on patients with high-frequency sudden sen-sorineural hearing loss / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of different combination regimens on patients with high-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL). Methods 82 patients with high-frequency SSNHL from December 2013 to May 2017 were enrolled. The control group was treated with hormone,lidocaine, and genetein combination therapy,while the observation group received systemic hormones,and local hormones combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy,the average frequency of pure tone valve improvement,complications and adverse reactions in two groups were compared.Results After the treatment,the average pure tone of the two groups was significantly improved than pretherapy(tcontrol group = 10.28,P = 0.00;tobservation group = 11.06, P=0.00),but there was no significant difference in hearing improvement between the two groups(t=0.680,P=0.698),the total effective rate in the control group was 63.41%,in which the observation group was 68.29%,the difference was not statistically significant(χ2=0.230,P=0.816),but the cure rate was 26.83% in the observa-tion group which was higher than that in the control group(7.32%)(χ2=2.05,P=0.040).There was no signifi-cant difference in improvement of complication(tinnitus and ear nausea)between the two groups(χ2Tinnitus =0.000,P=1.000;χ2Aurussion=0.000,P=1.000),and there was no obvious adverse reaction in both groups. Conclusions Treatment of high-frequency SSNHL,hormone and hyperbaric oxygen therapy is good and safe, which can effectively improve the patient′s complication(tinnitus and ear nausea).

Design and Application of Drug Traceability Management System in Outpatient of Medical Institutions / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To develop the drug traceability management system in outpatients of medical institutions,and gradu-ally improve its traceability management. METHODS:Based on barcode technology,drug traceability management system in outpa-tients of medical institutions was independently developed,introducing it from system environment,framework design and system function,and the application results were evaluated in terms of differences in dispensing time,deployment error,drug withdrawal treatment and applicability investigation. RESULTS:The system was developed on hospital information system network environ-ment,which was designed by combination of client/server(C/S)network system(B/S)and set function modules as follows as role rights management,data extraction,information control,data acquisition and data query. The system can match with drug electron-ic surveillance code,commodity code and other traceable barcodes,achieve drug tracing from hospitals to users through software interaction,as well as the computer-aided calibration in dispensing to effectively reduce outpatient's dispensing error. The average time for each outpatient prescription prolonged 9 s after using the system;24 dispensing errors and 4 non-normal withdrawals were prevented within 1 month;100% surveyed pharmacists expressed approval for the system's applicability. CONCLUSIONS:The system can achieve the drug suitability management in outpatients,which has shown good applicability and further improved drug safety management and control capabilities in medical institutions.

Recent progress for HBV infection model in vitro and in vivo / 中国比较医学杂志

Hepatitis B virus ( HBV) is an important pathogen threatening to human health. Up to date, various of cell infection models and animal models for HBV and the host are widely used in the exploring research of infection mechanism, new drug development and effective therapeutic method for HBV. However, these models have some defects, such as low infection rate, rather short infective stage, and comparatively large species differences with human, and so on. Among them, the biggest problem is that these models cannot completely simulate HBV infection process and pathological changes naturally occurred in human. Herein, the major HBV infection models developed in the past fifteen years, as well as the latest research progress, are presented as a brief review, to provide a reference for constructing novel HBV infection models in the future.

Doxofylline and methylprednisolone sodium succinate are stable and compatible under normal injection conditions

To assess the physical compatibility and chemical stability of doxofylline with methylprednisolone sodium succinate in 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose injection for intravenous infusion. Twenty mL doxofylline solution [0.74 mg/mL] and 1 mL methylprednisolone sodium succinate solution [0.15 mg/mL] were added into 250 mL polyolefin bags containing 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and stored for 24 h at 20-25[degree]C. Chemical compatibility was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], and physical compatibility was determined visually. The results showed that samples were clear and colorless when viewed in normal fluorescent room light. The pH value exhibited little change. The particulate content of >/= 25 micro m was low and within the specification limit. The particulate content of >/= 10 micro m decreased over time and was similar to the control solution. Analysis of chemical stability revealed that doxofylline is stable with methylprednisolone sodium succinate for up to 24 h, and the degradation of methylprednisolone sodium succinate is unrelated to doxofylline, but is closely related to the pH value of the solution. Doxofylline and methylprednisolone sodium succinate did not affect the stability of each other

Study on identification of expiratory phase X-ray image / 生物医学工程学杂志

To divide the lung from the original X-ray image, the maximum classes square error is employed in finding the threshold. Then the thorax is ascertained according to the edge-detection and tracking-bug method, and the lung is divided from the thorax by the thresholding segmentation method. The gray mean in the lung is regarded as the eigenvalue to identify the image, but it doesn not work well. In view of the dosage of the X-ray exposure and the difference between persons, a new method that adopts the ratio of the gray in lungs to the gray in bones as the eigenvalue is brought forward to identify the image. And the two methods are compared by using the distance between classes. The result shows that the second method is more effective.

Study on the Human Body Bioequiavailability of Nevirapine Capsules / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the bioequivalences of both domestic nevirapine capsules and imported nevirapine tablets.METHODS:24healthy male volunteers were administered orally with single dose of either the domestic nevirapine trial capsules or the imported nevirapine reference tablets by randomized crossover way,the blood concentration of nevirapine was determined by HPLC,and the pharmacokinetics parameters and the relative bioavailability of whom were calculated.RE?SULTS:The C max of the trial preparation and the reference preparation were(2.516?0.446)?g/ml and(2.798?0.394)?g/ml,respectively t max were(7.5?10.7)and(3.6?2.1)h,t 1/2 were(51.4?25.3)h and(46.4?9.8)h;AUC 0～168 were(160.540?38.007)(?g?n)/ml and(167.459?30.629)(?g?n)/ml;AUC 0～∞ were(180.064?51.005)(?g?n)/ml and(183.052?36.828)(?g?n)/ml;The relative bioavailability of the trial preparation was(98.368?22.99)%.CONCLUSION:The results shows that the trial preparation and the reference preparation of nevirapine were bioequivalent.

Determination of Concentration and Pharmacokinetics of Ampicillin in Human Plasma by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To determine ampicillin concentration in human plasma by HPLC.METHODS:The chromatographic column was Waters Sunfire C18 with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.05 mol?L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate(6.5∶93.5,V∶V)at a flow rate of 1.2 mL?min-1.The UV detection wavelength was 210 nm;the column temperature was 35 ℃ and the injection volume was 20 ?L.RESULTS:The linear range of ampicillin was 0.2～16.0 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9).The limit of quantization was 0.2 ?g?mL-1.The average methodological recovery was 99.88%～104.45%,and the average extraction recovery was 95.69%～100.56%.Both the inter-day RSD and the intra-day RSD were all less than 10%.CONCLUSION:This method is stable,rapid and sensitive,and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study for ampicillin preparation.

Application of Website Management System in Hospital Pharmaceutical Website Construction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To construct hospital pharmaceutical website and facilitate the evolvement of hospital pharmaceutical care.METHODS: Website management system was developed independently and the system was used to construct hospital pharmaceutical website in our hospital.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Website management system which was designed with B/S three-tier structure which sustains multi-level management authority control and a variety of database and runs stably.The professional website based on website management system is convininent and maintenance,rapid in operation,cheap in cost,low in consumption of human resouces,comprehensive in function,highly professional,and it has greated enhanced the working efficiency in hospital pharmacy.

Design and Application of Pre-dispensing Management Mode and Computer System in Outpatients Dispensary / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To esbablish pre-dispensing management mode and computer system in outpatient dispensary to facilitate the practice of hospital pharmaceutical care.METHODS:The establisment and application of the pre-dispensing management mode and computer system in outpatient dispensary were analyzed from aspects of hardware preparation,design of system framework and functional modules of the system.RESULTS:The application of pre-dispensing management system brought down the dispensing error rate and reduced patients' waitting time.The stability of the computer system was the key to ensure smooth operation of the pre-dispensing management mode.CONCLUSION:The practice of the pre-dispensing management mode facilitates the formation of good pharmaceutical care system and is a good dispensing managment mode suitable for sound development of hospital pharmacy.

System Review on Curative Effect and Safety of Dexamethasone for Severe Asthma and Severe Sepsis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative effect and safety of dexamethasone for severe asthma and severe sepsis systematically. METHODS:Randomized controlled trials about dexamethasone for severe asthma and severe sepsis were retrieved from database,such as Cochrane library(1996～2007),PubMed(1966～2007),EMCC(1995～2007),CHKD(1994～2007)and pertinent literatures. The qualities of included studies were evaluated and extracted data were analyzed by Meta-analysis respectively. RESULTS:11 trials containing 1 435 cases were up to included standard. Therapy results of severe asthma:(1)in remission rate of the total symptom,difference between dexamethasone and prednisone was not statistically significant [OR 1.44,95%CI(0.75, 2.75);P=0.27];(2)In the incidence rate of ADR,dexamethasone was lower than prednisone [OR 0.13,95%CI(0.04,0.44);P= 0.001];(3)In the recurrence rate,no statistical significance was noted in difference between dexamethasone and prednisone [OR 0.58,95%CI(0.25,1.31);P=0.19]. Therapy results of severe sepsis:(1)In the mortality,difference between dexamethasone and placebo was not statistically significant [OR 0.85,95%CI(0.41,1.78);P=0.67];(2)In the incidence rate of ADR,no statistical significance was noted in difference between hydrocortisone and placebo [OR 1.05,95%CI(0.51,2.19);P=0.89]. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone is similar to prednisone in the treatment of severe asthma but better than prednisone in drug safety. The safety of dexamethasone is similar to placebo in the treatment of severe sepsis.

Determination of the Concentrations of Ceftriaxone in Blood and Bile of Patients During Perioperative Period / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-infective effect of ceftriaxone in perioperative period METHODS:28 cases of cholelithiasis complicating infections who had to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this study Ceftriaxone,1g,im,was injected 1h～1 5h before anesthesia,and blood and bile were sampled before,during and after operation The concentration of ceftriaxone was determined by UV-spectrophotometry RESULTS:The concentrations of ceftriaxone in blood before,during and after operation were(37 59?16 13)?g/ml,(49 68?10 51)?g/ml and (27 09?12 38)?g/ml respectively The drug concentration in blood peaked 2h after drug administration,at this time,the drug concentration of bile was 4 times that of blood (201 77?20 16)?g/ml CONCLUSION:The drug concentration in blood was 49 times as high as MIC,which indicates that ceftriaxone has preventive and therapeutic effects on possible infections during perioperative period

Antimicrobial Activities Screening of 47 Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Extracts / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To determine the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic e xtracts of47traditional Chinese herbal medicines in vitro.METHODS:Antibiotic drug sensitive tests of Escherichia coli and Bacillus pyocyaneus were conducted,al?coholic extracts of47Chinese herbal medicines were prepared,which were subjected to bicteriostatic tests in vitro by agar spread routine method.RESULTS:Among the47traditonal Chinese herbal medicines alcoholic extracts,11of which did have antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli,pseudomonas aeruginosa and blastomyces albicans in different degree;among which,the antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic extracts of paeoniae radix and granatum to drug resistance bacteria were the highest,the alcoholic extracts of paeoniae radix showed strong inhibitory activities to the above3bacterium,especially to the resistant organisms with the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)at1.3,1.1and1.8mg/ml respectively;The antimi?crobial activities of alchoholic extracts of granatum against the above3bacterium were also high with the MIC at8.3,3.6and2.3mg/ml respectively.CONCLUSION:The alcoholic extracts of paeoniae radix and granatum have broad spectrum of an?timicrobial activity and which have antimicrobial effect to drug resistance bacteria.

Analysis of Three Therapeutic Schemes for Urinary Tract Infections With Decision Tree / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate 3 therapeutic schemes for the infections of urinary tract and look for the more rational one METHODS:To use pharmacoeconomic decision tree analysis RESULTS:By means of therapeutic schemes A,B,C,the anticipant costs for curing one case of urinary tract infection were 1 586 36 yuans,931 13 yuans and 899 24 yuans respectively CONCLUSION:The scheme C is the best one among 3 therapeutic schemes for infection of urinary tract

Analysis of Monitoring Results on Cyclosporin A Plasma Concentration in Bone Marrow Transplantation Recipients / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of the effective blood concentration of cyclosporin A in patients after bone marrow transplantation.METHODS:By fluorescence polarization immunoassay(FPIA),the whole blood trough concentration of CsA in 14 patients after undergoing bone marrow transplantation was monitored for 216 times in total from day 1 to day 466,and the monitoring results were analyzed.RESULTS:The effective blood concentrations of CsA in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia(CML),acute non lymphocytic leukemia(AML),acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL),Mediterranean disease(THAL),and pancytopenia were(50～450) ng?mL~(-1),(100～450) ng?mL~(-1),(100～350) ng?mL~(-1)(200～500) ng?mL~(-1),and(250～500) ng?mL~(-1),respectively.Rejection reaction appeared in 7 cases after bone marrow transplantation,with whole blood trough concentration of CsA ranged from 67.4 ng?mL~(-1) to 189.34 ng?mL_(-1) (125.44?39.56 ng?mL~(-1)on average).Adverse drug reaction appeared in 3 cases,with trough concentration of CsA ranged from 412.5 ng?mL~(-1) to 548.62 ng?mL~(-1)(481.39?68.08 ng?mL~(-1) on average).CONCLUSION:Timely monitoring of plasma concentration of CsA and modifying of the dosage regimen can avoid the occurrence of rejection reaction and adverse drug reaction,which is of great significance for patients' medication safety and efficacy.

Pharmacokinetics of Etimicin in Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of infusion Etimicin in the patients with respiratory tract infec- tions. METHODS: Ten patients were infused with 200mg Etimicin and the concentrations of drug in the plasma, urine and sputurn were determined by microbiological method. RESULTS & CONCLUSlON: The peak concentration of plasma was 17.74?g/ml. The concentration of 0.29?g/ml maintained 12h after administration. Pharmacokinetics parameters conformed to two - compartment model. The pharmacokinetics parameters were, T1/2?= 0. 257h, T1/2? = 2. 22h, Vc = 34. 32L, K2l = 2.14h~(-1), K12 = 0. 48h~(-1), K10 = 0.39h~(-1). The cumulative percentage of renal excretion was 21.37% within 12h, Ke =0. 027h~(-1), K = 0. 431h~(-1). The drug concentration in sputum reached the peak of 2.09?g/ml 2h after infusion.

Pharmacokinetics of Balofloxacin Tablets in Chinese Healthy Volunteers / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of balofloxacin tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers.METHODS:A single dose of 100 or 200 mg balofloxacin tablets were given to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover design.Concentrations of balofloxacin in plasma and urine were determined by HPLC with data processed by DAS(drug and statistics)software.RESULTS:After administration of balofloxacin 100 mg and 200 mg,the Cmax were(0.970?0.245)?g?mL-1 and(1.849?0.466)?g?mL-1;the tmax were(1.25?1.10)h and(1.24?0.81)h;the t1/2 were(7.14?1.01)h and(7.11?0.72)h;the AUC0～36 were(7.309?1.368)?g?h?mL-1 and(15.214?1.727)?g?h?mL-1;AUC0～∞ were(7.531?1.386)?g?h?mL-1 and(15.695?1.762)?g?h?mL-1;the accumulative eliminating rates within 36 h in urine were(64.47?11.56)% and(63.24?11.93)%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The pharmacokinetics of balofloxacin in healthy volunteer after oral administration was characterized by high peak concentration and long half life.The method is sensitive,accurate,reliable and specific,and can satisfy the requirements for pharmaceutical study.