Computer Vision in Medical Imaging and its Impact on the Rare Musculoskeletal Diseases / 罕见病研究

There are over 6000 rare diseases in the world, affecting more than 300 million people. Early and precise diagnosis of rare diseases has always been the goal in clinical medicine. Emerging computer vision technology now greatly enhance medicine and healthcare and shows the potential in assisting the diagnosis and treatment for rare diseases. The technology can be a useful tool for extracting disease-relevant patterns from medical imaging. However, the effectiveness of its application depends on the complexity of the medical cases. In this paper, we summarize the challenges and emerging solution for the application of computer vision in diagnosis, rehabilitation as well as management of rare musculoskeletal diseases.

Expression and relationship of miR-379 and human kinesin like family member 4A in triple-negative breast cancer / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the expression and relationship of miR-379 and human kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).Methods:A total of 52 patients diagnosed with TNBC in breast department at Puji Branch of Dongguan People′s Hospital between January 2016 and November 2019 were retrospectively selected as the study group. Meanwhile, 70 patients with non-triple-negative breast cancer (NTNBC) diagnosed in the same period were selected as the control group. The expression levels of miR-379 and KIF4A in both groups were detected. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC) of miR-379 and KIF4A predicting TNBC was calculated; The relationship between the expression levels of miR-379 and KIF4A and clinicopathological parameters, and the correlation between the expression level of miR-379 and KIF4A were analyzed.Results:The expression level of KIF4A in study group was higher than that in control group [(6.93±0.43) vs (3.75±0.25), P<0.05], and the expression level of miR-379 in study group was lower than that in control group [(0.54±0.17) vs (0.87±0.32), P<0.05]. MiR-379 combined with KIF4A expression had the greatest diagnostic value for TNBC: AUC 0.823 (95% CI: 0.730- 0.917), specificity 0.785, sensitivity 0.950; Univariate analysis showed that there were significant difference in the expression of miR-379 in TNBC patients with different clinical stages, tumor diameter, and lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05); There were significant difference in the expression of KIF4A in TNBC patients with different clinical stages and tumor diameter (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that miR-379 expression was negatively correlated with KIF4A expression in TNBC ( r=-0.349, P<0.05). Conclusions:The expression of miR-379 is down-regulated, while the expression of KIF4A is up-regulated in patients with TNBC. The two are related to poor clinicopathological characteristics, which indicates that they can be used for condition evaluation of the patients.

Clinical efficacy of radiotherapy in treatment of recurrent lesions at vaginal cuff after hysterectomy for cervical cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To analyze the long-term efficacy and adverse effects of radiotherapy in the treatment of recurrent lesions at the vaginal cuff after hysterectomy for cervical cancer, and to investigate prognostic factors.Methods A total of 105 patients who were admitted to our hospital due to recurrent lesions at the vaginal cuff after hysterectomy for cervical cancer from January 2005 to July 2011 were enrolled in this study and divided into group A (6-12 months), group B (12-24 months), and group C (≥24 months) according to the time to recurrence.All patients received radiotherapy and only 96 patients also received concurrent chemotherapy.The long-term outcomes and adverse events were compared between the three groups, and the prognostic factors were analyzed.Survival curves were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results The follow-up rate was 98.1%.The response rates of group A, B, and C were 60%, 82%, and 86%, respectively.The 3-and 5-year survival rates for all patients were 58.1% and 31.4%, respectively.The median survival time for all patients was 42 months.Group C had a significantly longer median survival time than group A (P=0.010).The patients with a maximum tumor diameter of<4 cm had a significantly better treatment outcome than those with a maximum tumor diameter of ≥4 cm (P=0.000).There was a significant difference in median survival time between the patients with recurrent lesions limited to the vaginal cuff and those with recurrent lesions beyond the vaginal cuff (47 months vs.32 months, P=0.005).Conclusions For patients with recurrent lesions at the vaginal cuff after hysterectomy for cervical cancer, radiotherapy is a salvage treatment and has significant clinical efficacy.The treatment outcome and prognosis are related to time to recurrence, tumor size, and the extent of recurrent lesions.

Establishment of a new human glioma cell line and analysis of its biological characteristics / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a new glioma cell line and analyze its biological characteristics, and to provide a useful cellular tool with new features for cancer research.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Glioma tissue was taken from surgical specimen clinical of a clinical patient. Primary culture was carried out, and a cell line (SHG139) was established after 10 passages. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of proteins, and cell proliferation and cycle were detected by flow cytometry method (FCM). The biological characteristics of SHG139 cells were detected by chromosome karyotype analysis. SHG139s glioma cells derived from SHG139 glioma cell line were cultured with neural stem cell medium. Then stem cell markers were determined. SHG139s cells were induced with serum-containing medium, and their expression of A2B5, GFAP, β-III tubulin, and GalC was detected. Intracranial xenograft tumor of both SHG139 glioma cells and SHG139s glioma stem cell spheres was generated in rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expressions of A2B5, GalC, GFAP, S-100, and vimentin in the 20 and 60 passages of SHG139 cells were positive, consistent with the immunohistochemical results and pathological features. SHG139 cells proliferated significantly within 24 h after subculture, and their total number of chromosomes was 68 and mostly multiploid. They were positive for A2B5 (84.12±9.96)%, nestin (73.86±5.01)%, and NG2 (73.37±2.09)%. SHG139s cells were induced, and the ratio of positive cells of GFAP, β-III tubulin and GalC was (92.89±2.24)%, (64.85±4.09)% and (33.57±4.14)%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SHG139 is an astroglioma cell line, from which SHG139s cells can be successfully obtained by culture with NSCM. SHG139s cells are of A2B5(+)/CD133(-) GSCs subgroup cells, with potentials of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. Compared with the intracranial SHG139 xenograft tumor, the intracranial SHG139s xenograft tumor is more malignant and aggressive.</p>

Expression of the DMBT1 gene in breast cancer and its clinical significance / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between mRNA expression of DMBT1 in breast cancer tissues and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer.Methods 60 cases of breast cancer tissues,30 cases of breast paracancerous hyperplasia tissues and 30 cases of breast paracancerous normal tissues were selected,then reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to detect the differential expression of DMBT1 in mRNA levels.Furthermore,its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer was analyzed.Results 44 out of 60 breast cancer tissues were detected no or low expression of DMBT1 (73.3％),and 16 out of 60 cases were found normal expression of DMBT1(26.7％).There were statistically significant differences between paracancerous normal tissues and breast cancer tissues,also between paracancerous hyperplasia tissues and breast cancer tissues (x2 =11.72,P =0.000 62 ; x2 =15.99,P =0.000 06).No significant difference was found between the low expression of DMBT1 with the age of patients (x2 =1.733,P =0.188),the size of tumor (x2 =0.776,P =0.378) and the histological grade of tissues (x2 =1.000,P =0.316).However,the loss rates of DMBT1 mRNA expression in patients with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage Ⅲ were higher than that in patients without metastasis and clinicalⅠ-Ⅱstage (x2 =4.885,P =0.026 ; x2 =4.600,P =0.032).Conclusion Low expression of DMBT1 mRNA is closely associated with the metastasis and clinical stage of breast cancer.

Effect of Cynomorium songaricum polysaccharide on telomere length in blood and brain of D-galactose-induced senescence mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Cynomorium songaricum polysaccharide (CSP) on telomere length in blood and brain tissues of aged mice in order to provide some evidence for CSP's development and applying in the clinical uses.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Kunming mice were intraperitoneal injected D-galactose (500 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) to make the aging models, and different dosages of CSP (20, 40, 80 mg x kg(-1)) were given by gavage for 56 days. The average length of telomere was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The relative T/S ratio of the group high and middle dosages of CSP in blood were 1.64 +/- 0.36 and 1.33 +/0.28, respectively, and higher than that of the group of senescence 1.01 +/- 0.13 (P < 0.01). Values of the group of high, middle, and low dosages of CSP in brain tissues were 3.34 +/- 0.58, 2.30 +/- 0. 75 and 1.55 +/- 0.58, respectively, and significantly higher than that of the group of senescence 1.04 +/- 0.33 (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CSP can exert the anti-aging effects by increase telomere length f senescence mice.</p>

Prevention and treatment for acute left heart failure in patients undergoing maintaining hemodialysis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To study prevention and treatment for patients during the intermittent period of maintaining hemodialysis complicated by acute left heart failure. Methods The treating process of 126 examples suffered from acute left heart failure during the intermittent period of 14 225 person-time maintaining hemodialysis in 143 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results In this case group, 0.89% suffered from acute left heart failure during the intermittent period of hemodialysis and the successful rescuing rate was 88.9%. Conclusions Applying the treatment of emergency hemodialysis, quickly filtering body fluid, the curative effect is reliable and rapid. It is one of the best ways to cure patients suffered from acute left heart failure during the intermittent period of maintaining hemodialysis. Combined with other treatments, it will be able to improve the successful rate, and ensure the sufficiency of hemodialysis. United with other steps of reducing blood pressure, such as using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blocker, and ? receptor blocker, it is an effective countermeasure to prevent patients suffering from acute left heart failure during the intermittent period of maintaining hemodialysis, and effectively reduces its appearance as well.