Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and trapezius muscle fatigability

INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that pain increases trapezius muscle activation in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). Changes in muscle activation might change muscle resistance to fatigue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatigability of the trapezius muscle in patients with TMD. METHOD: Fourteen patients with TMD (clinically diagnosed and referred by a dentist) and eleven healthy subjects performed a fatigue test consisting of shoulder elevation performed at 70 percent of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction, which was maintained for 30 seconds. Electromyographic signals were obtained from the upper portion of the trapezius muscle (sampling frequency: 2000 Hz/channel). Consecutive segments of three seconds in duration each were extracted from the electromyographic signal and analyzed in the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform algorithm. Linear regression analysis was applied to the consecutive median frequencies for each subject. The slope of the regression line was used to describe muscle fatigability. RESULTS: No changes were observed in fatigability between the right and left trapezius of either group or between the left trapezius of the healthy and TMD groups. The linear regression for median frequencies in the right trapezius of the TMD group showed a slope of -0.15 ± 0.33 (mean ± SD), which was smaller than the slope for the healthy group (-0.44 ± 0.46; p= 0.049). These results suggested that the fatigability of the right trapezius was lower in the TMD group than in the healthy group.

INTRODUÇÃO: Tem sido sugerido que a dor aumenta a ativação do músculo trapézio em pacientes com disfunção temporomandibular (TMD). Mudanças na ativação do músculo podem alterar a resistência à fadiga. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a fatigabilidade do músculo trapézio em pacientes com TMJ. MÉTODOS: Quatorze indivíduos com TMD (diagnosticados clinicamente e encaminhados pelo especialista odontólogo) e onze indivíduos saudáveis realizaram um protocolo de fadiga que consistiu em uma contração isométrica submáxima de elevação do ombro, em um nível de 70 por cento da contração voluntária máxima, mantida por um período de 30 segundos. O sinal eletromiográfico (EMG) foi obtido da porção superior do músculo trapézio, (taxa de amostragem de 2000Hz/canal). Três segundos consecutivos do sinal EMG foram analisados no domínio da freqüência usando a Transformada Rápida de Fourier (FFT). Uma análise de regressão linear foi aplicada para valores consecutivos da freqüência mediana (MF) de cada sujeito, e a inclinação da regressão linear foi utilizada para descrever a fatigabilidade muscular. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma diferença foi observada na fatigabilidade do músculo trapézio direito e esquerdo para ambos os grupos e entre o trapézio esquerdo do grupo saudável e com TMD. A MF do músculo trapézio direito do grupo com disfunção apresentou valores de inclinação da reta de regressão linear de -0,15 ± 0,33 (média ± SD), os quais foram menores que os valores do grupo saudável (-0,44 ± 0,46; média ± SD; p= 0,049). Esses resultados sugerem que a fatigabilidade do trapézio direito é menor no grupo com TMD do que no grupo saudável.

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery: case report

A 26 year-old woman suffered a blunt head injury on the left temporal area and developed an arteriovenous fistula with a pseudoaneurysm on the superficial temporal artery. These fistulas are rare and usually associated with pseudoaneurysms, most commonly in the frontal arterial branch. The aneurysms generally appear late after trauma and present as a pulsatile painfully growing mass in the temporal region, associated with fremitus and bruit. The diagnosis is made by angiography and surgery is a very effective treatment.

Uma mulher de 26 anos desenvolveu uma fístula arteriovenosa associada a pseudoaneurisma da artéria temporal superficial após traumatismo craniano fechado. Tais fístulas são raras e geralmente associadas a pseudoaneurismas da artéria temporal superficial, mais comumente do ramo frontal. As lesões habitualmente surgem tardiamente em relação ao traumatismo causador e se manifestam como uma massa dolorosa pulsátil na região temporal, crescente, associada à frêmito e sopro. O diagnóstico é confirmado através de arteriografia e o tratamento cirúrgico proporciona ótimos resultados.

Conventional cytogenetic characterization of a new cell line, ACP01, established from a primary human gastric tumor

Gastric cancer is the second most frequent type of neoplasia and also the second most important cause of death in the world. Virtually all the established cell lines of gastric neoplasia were developed in Asian countries, and western countries have contributed very little to this area. In the present study we describe the establishment of the cell line ACP01 and characterize it cytogenetically by means of in vitro immortalization. Cells were transformed from an intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma (T4N2M0) originating from a 48-year-old male patient. This is the first gastric adenocarcinoma cell line established in Brazil. The most powerful application of the cell line ACP01 is in the assessment of cytotoxicity. Solid tumor cell lines from different origins have been treated with several conventional and investigational anticancer drugs. The ACP01 cell line is triploid, grows as a single, non-organized layer, similar to fibroblasts, with focus formation, heterogeneous division, and a cell cycle of approximately 40 h. Chromosome 8 trisomy, present in 60 percent of the cells, was the most frequent cytogenetic alteration. These data lead us to propose a multifactorial triggering of gastric cancer which evolves over multiple stages involving progressive genetic changes and clonal expansion.

Western blot detection of infectious bursal disease virus infection

In order to evaluate the use of a Western blot methodology for the diagnosis of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, chickens were experimentally infected with IBDV strains and tested for the presence of viral antigens and antibodies by a blocking Western blot test (bWB). The viral proteins obtained from the bursa of Fabricius (BF) were transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the chicken sera obtained by heart puncture were used for the detection of these proteins. In order to eliminate nonspecific reactions, we used a rabbit anti-chicken serum (blocking tool). By the use of the bWB test, two distinct viral proteins of 43-kDa (VP2) and 32-kDa (VP3) were detected. We suggest the use of this methodology for the detection of IBDV infection in animals suspected of having IBDV reinfection and a chronic subclinical form of the disease. With the use of the rabbit anti-chicken sera for blocking, this method is practical, sensitive and less time consuming.

Rotavirus and reovirus interaction with mouse peritoneal resident phagocytic cells

Rotaviruses and reoviruses are involved in human and animal diseases. It is known that both viruses penetrate the gastrointestinal tract but their interaction with phagocytic cells is unknown. To study this interaction, peritoneal resident phagocytic cells were used and rotavirus and reovirus replication in peritoneal phagocytic cells was observed. However, rotavirus replication in these cells led to the production of defective particles since MA-104 cells inoculated with rotavirus phagocytic cell lysate did not show any evidence of virus replication. On the basis of these results, we suggest that, althought reovirus dissemination may be helped by these phagocytic cells, these cells may control rotavirus infection and probably contribute to the prevention of its dissemination.

Regional variation in toxoplasmosis seronegativity in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region

Toxoplasmose e uma infeccao zoonotica humana de lata prevalencia, causada por um protozoario Apicomplexa, Toxoplasma gondii. a evolucao da doenca aguda e geralmente leve ou assintomatica, exceto nas infeccoes agudas das gestantes, quando a infeccao fetal causa uma doenca devastadora. Para determinar se haveriam fatores de risco regionais, foi analisada a frequencia de titulos de anticorpos T. gondii em areas na regiao Metropolitana de Sao Paulo, comparando grupos etarios....

Xipamida no tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica leve a moderada / Xipamide in the treatment of mild to moderate systemic arterial hypertension

A xipamida, teve seu efeito anti-hipertensivo testado em 16 pacientes portadores de hipertensao arterial sisemica leve a moderada (95 mmHg < igual pressao diastolica < igual 115 mmHg), 11 mulheres e 5 homens, com idades entre 30 e 64 anos (media 47 anos). Um comprimido de xipamida oral de 20 mg por dia foi dado durante 180 dias. O controle da pressao arterial foi semanal no 1o. mes e mensal nos 5 meses restantes.Foram feitas determinacoes da caliemia, glicemia, uricemia e dos intervalos QT e PR do eletrocardiograma, antes e no final do estudo. Em 13 dos 16 pacientes (81,2%) houve reducao dos niveis tensionais para valores limiares ou normais, com pressao diastolica < igual 95 mmHg. Nos 3 restantes a PD ficou entre 95 e 100 mmHg. Nao houve alteracao de QT e PR. A caliemia apresentou diminuicao significativa (p < 0,00l). Paraefeitos de pequena intensidade foram observados em 8 pacientes (50%): tonturas em 5 (31%), fraqueza em 4 (25%), caimbras em 3 (18%), mal estar gastrico em 2 (12,5%), gosto amargo em 1 (6,2%) e hipoacusia em 1 (6,2). Concluiu-se que a xipamida apresentou efeito ani-hipertensivo satisfatorio, com boa tolerancia e pequeno grau de alteracoes metabolicas

Situação atual dos conhecimentos sobre o envolvimento cardiopulmonar na esquistossomose mansônica / Present state of knowledge on the cardiopulmonary involvement in schistosomiasis mansoni

Hipertensao pulmonar (HP), hipoxemia e alteracoes da mecanica respiratoria representam as repercussoes cardiopulmonares na esquistossomose mansonica. HP ocorre em 13% (19/141) dos hepatoesplenicos (HE) de areas endemicas, no Brasil, e cor pulmonale clinico em 2,1% (3/141). O nivel da hipertensao tende a ser discreto a moderado (AP < 40 mm Hg). Hipoxemia pode ser detida em 28,3% (38/134) dos HE: em 68% (26/38) por uma PaO2 diminuida (< ou igual 87 mm Hg) e em 58% (22/38) por uma elevacao do Qs/Qt (> 8,9%); em 26% (10/38) encontraram-se ambas as alteracoes. Anastomoses porto-pulmonares e microfistulas A-V pulmonares sao responsaveis pelo aumento do Qs/Qt, enquanto o disturbio V/Q parece ocorrer nos demais, como sugere a queda do Pa02 apos a injecao de reserpina na circulacao pulmonar. O aumento do volume minuto cardiaco ocorre em 90% dos HE; 41,6% deles apresentam PaCO2 diminuida, sugerindo hiperventilacao pulmonar, e 16,6% obstrucao das grandes vias aereas respiratorias. As repercussoes cardiacas funcionais sao secundarias a HP e a hipertensao arterial sistemica consequente a nefropatia esquistossomotica