RESUMO
Abstract: Fruit flies are among the main groups of phytophagous insects. Their larvae, when feeding on the pulp or seeds of the host fruits, can cause rot and favor the entrance of pathogens. Thus, the objectives of this study was: (1) To know the trophic associations between species of parasitoids and fruit flies in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena (PNSB)-MS, Brazil. (2) To inventory the parasitoid species associated with fruit flies in fruit trees in the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena. Monthly expeditions were carried out (From Jan 2017 to Feb 2018) in order to collect the fruits and obtain the fruit flies (Tephritidae) and their respective parasitoids. The collected fruits were transported to the laboratory of frugivorous insects (LIF) of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD)-MS. The fruit fly larvae were daily collected and placed in transparent acrylic cups containing sterilized sand, where they remained till the emergence of adults and their parasitoids. Twenty-Three adult Tephritid parasitoids were recovered, represented by two species of Braconidae: Doryctobracon areolatus (18) and Utetes anastrephae (5), both infesting Anastrepha species: Anastrepha fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. striata in Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava and Eugenia myrcianthes. Doryctobracon areolatus and Utetes anastrephae are reported for the first time parasiting Anastrepha species in Eugenia myrcianthes.
Resumo: As moscas-das-frutas estão entre os principais grupos de insetos fitófagos. Suas larvas, ao se alimentarem da polpa ou das sementes dos frutos hospedeiros, podem causar podridão e favorecer a entrada de patógenos. Sendo assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram: (1) Conhecer as associações tróficas entre as espécies de parasitoides e moscas das frutas no Parque Nacional da Serra da Bodoquena (PNSB). (2) Inventariar as espécies de parasitoides no PNSB. Foram realizadas expedições mensais de janeiro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018 para as coletas de frutos e obtenção de moscas das frutas (Tephritidae) e seus respectivos parasitoides. Os frutos coletados foram transportados ao Laboratório de Insetos Frugívoros (LIF) da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados-MS. As larvas das moscas das frutas foram diariamente recolhidas e inseridas em copos de acrílico transparentes contendo areia esterilizada onde permaneceram até a emergência dos adultos de tefritídeos e/ou seus parasitoides. Foram recuperados 23 adultos de parasitoides das larvas dos tefritídeos, representados por duas espécies de Braconidae: Doryctobracon areolatus (18) e Utetes anastrephae (5), ambos parasitando espécies de Anastrepha: Anastrepha fraterculus, A. sororcula e A. striata em Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava e Eugenia myrcianthes. Doryctobracon areolatus e Utetes anastrephae são relatados pela primeira vez parasitando espécies de Anastrepha em frutos de Eugenia myrcianthes.
RESUMO
Objetivando avaliar a eficiência da urina humana como atraente alimentar no monitoramento e/ou controle de Anastrepha spp. em pomar de goiaba, foram realizadas três pesquisas em Barbalha, Ceará. Na primeira, de 16 de março a 16 de abril de 2012, foram utilizados suco de goiaba e urina pura de doadores com idades de 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 anos. Na segunda, conduzida de 25 de abril a 10 de junho de 2013, foram utilizados suco de goiaba e urina de doador de 30 anos nas concentrações de 10, 30, 50, 70 e 100% e períodos de envelhecimento de 3,7, 14 e 21 dias. Já na terceira pesquisa, de 27 de junho a 04 de julho de 2013, foram testadas urina masculina, feminina e a mistura delas. Os atraentes foram instalados em armadilhas McPhail em blocos ao acaso, contendo 400 mL do atrativo. Semanalmente, as armadilhas foram examinadas e as moscas coletadas levadas ao laboratório de Entomologia da Universidade Federal do Cariri, Campus do Crato, para triagem e contagem. Foi verificado que os adultos de Anastrepha spp. têm preferência por urinas de doadores jovens. O tempo de exposição da urina humana no campo influencia na captura, tendo sido observado que aos sete dias de exposição houve aumento na captura de adultos de Anastrepha spp. A urina masculina é mais eficiente do que a feminina, tornando-a ineficiente quando ocorre a mistura. Portanto, ela pode substituir o suco de goiaba no manejo agroecológico de moscas-das-frutas em goiabeiras de pequeno produtor, pois, além de gratuito, é de fácil aquisição e aplicação.(AU)
Aiming to evaluate the efficiency of human urine in comparison to guava juice in monitoring and/or control of Anastrepha spp. in guava orchard, three research studies were conducted in Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. The first one, from 16 March to 16 April 2012, using guava juice and pure urine donors aged 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 years old. The second one was conducted from April 25 to June 10, 2013, using guava juice and urine of a 30 year old donor testing concentrations of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100% human urine, with aging periods of 3, 7, 4, 14, and 21 days. The last research occurred from 27 June to 4 July 2013, and tested the influence of male and female urine, and both mixed. Five McPhail traps were installed in a randomized block design, using 400 mL of the attractive in each one.The traps were examined once a week, and the flies were collected and taken to the laboratory of entomology of the Universidade Federal do Crato, Crato campus, for screening and counting. The adults of Anastrepha spp. prefer for urine from young donors and those that are more concentrated. The aging of the human urine (seven days) increases the capture of adults of Anastrepha spp. The male urine is more efficient than females' urine, making it inefficient when mixing. Therefore, urine can substitute the guava juice in agroecologic management programs in small producers' guava orchards. It´s free, easy to acquire and to apply.(AU)
Assuntos
Ureia , Tephritidae , Psidium , Controle de PragasRESUMO
This research aimed to investigate the diversity of species of lacewings (Chrysopidae) associated to trellised tomato crops in the counties of Cambuci and Seropédica, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Eggs and adults of chrysopids were collected, manually and by oral suction device, respectively, in Cambuci (commercial farming) and Seropédica (experimental farming). Four species were obtained: Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851), Ceraeochrysa sp1., Chrysopodes elongatus (Freitas; Penny, 2001) and Chrysopodes sp1. in the experimental farming in Seropédica, while in the commercial farming in Cambuci only two species were found: Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) and Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861).(AU)
Objetivou-se, com a presente pesquisa, conhecer a diversidade de espécies de crisopídeos (Chrysopidae) em cultivos de tomateiro estaqueado localizados nos municípios de Cambuci e Seropédica, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Ovos de crisopídeos foram coletados manualmente, e os adultos do predador, com o uso de aspirador bucal em lavoura comercial, em Cambuci, e em lavoura experimental, em Seropédica. Em Seropédica foram obtidas quatro espécies de crisopídeos: Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851), Ceraeochrysa sp1., Chrysopodes elongatus (Freitas; Penny, 2001) e Chrysopodes sp1. e em Cambuci, duas espécies: Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) e Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861).(AU)
Assuntos
Controle Biológico de Vetores , Solanum lycopersicum , InsetosRESUMO
Fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) and their parasitoids on cultivated and wild hosts in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Information on frugivorous flies in cultivated or wild host plants and their parasitoids in the Cerrado-Pantanal ecotone in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul is presented and discussed. Fruit fly samples were collected weekly in specific fruit trees, and McPhail® traps were installed in the same trees for a period of two years. The fruit flies infested ripe and unripe fruits of Averrhoa carambola L., Schoepfia sp., Psidium guajava L. and Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk and mature fruits of Anacardium occidentale L. and Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. Nineteen fruit fly species were obtained with the combination of sampling methods (collecting fruits and trapping), nine of them obtained with both methods, five found only in fruits and five only in traps. This is the first record of Anastrepha striata Schiner in a species of Sapotaceae, as well as for A. castanea Norrbom and A. daciformes Bezzi in Schoepfia sp. (Olacaceae), and for A. distincta Greene in fruits of P. guajava in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Fruit collections simultaneously associated with capture of fruit flies by McPhail traps in the same host plants are essential to understand the diversity of fruit flies and their relationship with hosts and parasitoids. Species of Braconidae and Pteromalidae were recovered, where Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti) was the most abundant parasitoid in larvae of tephritids infesting both cultivated and wild host fruits.
RESUMO
Fimicolous staphylinidae prey on rearing dipterous in cattle dung, acting as their natural controllers, including pests such as horn fly. To survey the abundance and succession of these coleopterans in cattle dung deposited in pasture, six experiments were conducted from March to October 1995 in Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cattle dungs pats were exposed at a pasture for 1 hr, 8 hr, 24 hr, 2, 3, 7 and 10 days and were then taken to laboratory separate from each other, for Staphylinidae extraction. A total of 156 dungs pats were exposed at pasture, from which 6225 Staphylinidae were recovered. Representing at least 30 species. Staphylinidae sp.1 (29.6 per cent), Philonthus flavolimbatus (22.2 per cent), Heterothops sp.1 (16.6 per cent), Oxytelus sp.2 (7.6 per cent), Aleochara sp.2 (7.6 per cent) and Criptobium sp.1 (4.4 per cent) were the most abundant, representing 87.8 per cent from the total. The increased frequency of the majority of these species along the dung exposition time at pasture, indicated that they would be preying on at all the immature stages of the dipterous, or eggs and first instar larvae of species that lay eggs on the dung after its second exposition day at the pasture.